Cancer and Nutrition PDF

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Cancer Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Nutrition and Cancer A leading cause of death in Canada 20% ‐ 50% of cancers are influenced by diet...

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Cancer Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Nutrition and Cancer A leading cause of death in Canada 20% ‐ 50% of cancers are influenced by diet Foods or their components may: Cause cancer Promote cancer Protect against cancer Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Screening is key to prevention https://www.cancer.ca/en/prevention‐and‐screening/reduce‐cancer‐ risk/find‐cancer‐early/screening‐for‐cancer/screening‐quiz/?region=nl Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Canadian Cancer Statistics Brenner DR, Weir HK, Demers AA, Ellison LF, Louzado C, Shaw A, Turner D, Woods RR, Smith LM; Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee. Projected estimates of cancer in Canada in 2020. CMAJ. 2020 Mar 2;192(9):E199‐E205. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.191292. Epub 2020 Mar 2. PMID: 32122974; PMCID: PMC7055947. https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer‐information/cancer‐101/cancer‐statistics‐at‐a‐glance/?region=nl Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Brenner DR, Weir HK, Demers AA, Ellison LF, Louzado C, Shaw A, Turner D, Woods RR, Smith LM; Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee. Projected estimates of cancer in Canada in 2020. CMAJ. 2020 Mar 2;192(9):E199‐E205. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.191292. Epub 2020 Mar 2. PMID: 32122974; PMCID: PMC7055947. https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer‐information/cancer‐101/cancer‐statistics‐at‐a‐glance/?region=nl Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Brenner DR, Weir HK, Demers AA, Ellison LF, Louzado C, Shaw A, Turner D, Woods RR, Smith LM; Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory Committee. Projected estimates of cancer in Canada in 2020. CMAJ. 2020 Mar 2;192(9):E199‐E205. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.191292. Epub 2020 Mar 2. PMID: 32122974; PMCID: PMC7055947. https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer‐information/cancer‐101/cancer‐statistics‐at‐a‐glance/?region=nl Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Factors Associated with Cancers at Specific Sites Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry How Does Cancer Develop? Cancer arises in the genes DNA is damaged by a carcinogen Cellular repair or self‐destruction Cell loses ability to self‐destruct Replicates uncontrollably Mass of abnormal tissue Cancer prevention through tumour formation Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Cancer Development Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Which Diet Factors Most Influence Risk of Developing Cancer? Energy balance Reduced Calorie intakes (caloric effect) Excess Calories from carbs, fat, and protein all raise cancer rates Cancer prevention only Physical activity Protective factor Smoking Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Which Diet Factors Most Influence Risk of Developing Cancer? Meats Diets high in red meat or processed meats have been linked with increased cancer risk Acrylamide Found in carbohydrate‐rich foods (e.g., potatoes) cooked at high temperatures Carcinogenic effect seen in lab animals Multi‐factorial Cancer risk is linked particularly to red meat cooked to the crispy well‐done stage, especially in genetically susceptible men who smoke Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Which Diet Factors Most Influence Risk of Developing Cancer? Fibre and fluid Low incidence of cancers seen with a fibre‐rich diet and adequate fluid Fibre‐rich diet may protect against some cancers by increasing stool weight, diluting the colon’s contents, stimulating bacterial fermentation, and speeding up the transit time of materials through the colon, thus minimizing exposure of the colon walls to cancer‐causing substances in the feces Bladder cancer may be related to intake of fluids Men who drink about 10 cups of fluid a day have been reported to develop substantially less bladder cancer than those drinking only about half this amount Folate and other vitamins Folate deficiency linked with cervical and colon cancer Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Next time…