ScTS 11 GMO and Nanotech (Module 7 Lesson 1) PDF

ScTS 11 ScTS 11 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM, & NANOTECHNOLOGY Module 7 Lesson 1 The Science of GMO and Nanotechnologies  Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you must be able to : Differentiate biotechnology, genetically modified organism...

ScTS 11 ScTS 11 GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM, & NANOTECHNOLOGY Module 7 Lesson 1 The Science of GMO and Nanotechnologies  Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you must be able to : Differentiate biotechnology, genetically modified organism (GMO) and nanotechnology Briefly recall the history of GMOs and nanotechnologies Outline the processes of these technologies Let’s gauge your knowledge? 1. Have you heard of GMOs and nanotechnology before? A.Yes B. No C. Unsure 2. What is being altered in an organism in the process of genetic modification? B.Cell B. Genome C. Tissue 3. What particle size is referred to in a nanoscale? A.1-99 µm B.9-100 mm C. 1-100 nm 4. Which of the following might NOT be closely associated with GMOs? A. fabric made of100% cotton B. imported tomato sauce C. newly released smartphone 5. What essential property of nanomaterials that are significantly increased along with the increase in its surface area due to size scale. A. Chemical reactivity B. physical property C. color …looking back 20t 19t h h 1950s centur centur y y Mechanism of James Watson, Advent of genetic coding Francis Crick, cellular biology is finally Maurice Wilkins, cracked and Rosalind 2003 1965 Franklin discovered the double-helix structure of DNA basis of modern biotechnology marked the terms completion deoxyribonucle of Human ic acid (DNA) Genome and ribonucleic Project Led to greater heights in acid RNA are (HGP) molecular methods, formally named genetic modification and engineering https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/james-watson-francis-crick- maurice-wilkins-and-rosalind-franklin New view of the tree of life – evolution using molecular tools - Based on RNA signature - Domain Barcoding of life (BOL) www.ibol.org/ Target – 500K species Target met- Aug 10 2015  …brief background Unity in diversity ‘central dogma’ "File:Genetic code.svg" by Madprime is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 follows a universal genetic code The genetic code is universal Unity in diversity ‘central dogma’ This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Gene expression- all cells translate RNA into protein the same way http://www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/images/Ch4A1.gif  Biotechnology the use of living organisms or their products to enhance our lives and environment - any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under organisms, to make or modify CC BY-SA-NC Glowing tobacco with firefly a product, to improve plants gene and animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific use What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? any living organism the use of biology to solve problems and make useful products that possesses an most prominent area of biotechnology is the production of obtained novel therapeutic proteins and other drugs through genetic engineering combination of (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019) genetic material is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, through the use of cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new modern technologies useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic biotechnology (https://www.nature.com/subjects/biotechnology) What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? also refers to living modified organisms as defined by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)? a condition in which also refers to living the probability of harm, modified organisms injury, any damage as defined by the resulting from the Cartagena Protocol intentional and on Biosafety unintentional introduction and/or use of a regulated article is within acceptable and manageable levels (National Academy of Science and General steps… 1. Identification of 2. Identification of the trait of the trait of interest interest General steps… 3. Insertion of the 4.Growing the gene of interest GMO into a new genome What about nanotechnology? is a ・ science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nm), where unique phenomena enable novel applications in a wide range of fields, from chemistry, physics, and biology, to medicine, engineering, and electronics ・ (Bayda et al., 2020). …looking back 16t 4th h centur centur 1959 y AD y recorded Italians concept of presence of Renaissance nanotechnology nanoparticles pottery and first formal "Lycurgus cup, one of the finest examples (Lycurgus cup employed and discussion took of Roman glassware made in the 4th century AD, British Museum, London" by studied in late contain place Following Hadrian is licensed under CC BY- 1990) 1990s nanoparticles 1974 Richard Feynman, SA 2.0 (speech, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”) He described the futuristic potential of machines to construct smaller machines down to the molecular level described how physical phenomena development the term change the manifestation with the size s in “nanotechnolo and scale of the material. molecular gy” was first nanotechnol used and ogy leading defined by to Nano- Norio Taniguchi systems – Japanese machinery scientist gained pace Two general approach: 1. Top-down 2. Bottom-up approach Methods include: Methods include: Photolithography, Plasma arcing Scanning Chemical vapor lithography deposition Colloidal process lithography Metal-organic Laser machining decomposition Soft lithography Laser pyrolysis Nano-contact Molecular beam printing epitaxy Nanosphere Sol-gel method lithography Wet synthesis Colloidal Self-assembly lithography processes Scanning probe lithography