Science, Technology, and Society Reviewer PDF

GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Science, Technology Society (STS) LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY (STS) views, and laid the foundation for future KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS scientific advancements. S...

GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Science, Technology Society (STS) LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY (STS) views, and laid the foundation for future KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS scientific advancements. Science Science, Technology, and Society (STS) A systematic way of understanding natural An interdisciplinary field that explores the phenomena through observation and complex interactions between science, experimentation. technology, and society. It examines how social, cultural, and political factors Technology influence scientific research and The application of scientific knowledge for technological development, and how these, practical purposes, particularly in industry. in turn, affect society. Society The Needham Question A community of people living together in a more or less ordered community, influencing Why no scientific revolution in China? and being influenced by science and technology. Despite its early accomplishments, Chinese civilization did not experience a scientific Protopia revolution like Europe due to various A state of gradual, incremental progress socio-cultural factors. toward a better future, in contrast to utopia (perfect society) or dystopia (worst-case “In this chapter, I will argue that the imperial scenario). examination system in China was an impediment to scientific growth and the Paradigm Shift development of a scientific revolution A fundamental change in the basic concepts because qualifying and passing the imperial and practices of a scientific discipline or examinations held more prestige than did society, often driven by groundbreaking the pursuit of the natural sciences.” discoveries or events. What is the Scientific Revolution? Scientific Revolution A period in the 16th and 17th centuries that Scientific Revolution marked the rise of modern science, characterized by significant shifts in thought -It was the period of enlightenment when and understanding. It introduced the the developments in the fields of scientific method, challenging traditional mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, 1 GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY and chemistry transformed the views of LUDWICK FLECK (1896-1961) society about nature. “Denkkollektiv and Denkstil” -Golden age for scholarly commitment to science, playing a key role in human He developed the first system of the development and societal transformation. historical philosophy and sociology of science. -Nullius In Verba: A Latin phrase meaning "Take nobody's word for it," emphasizing Genesis and the Development of Scientific evidence over authority. Fact: An Introduction to the Theory of Influences on Scientific Revolution: Thought Style and Thought Collective. Creativity, curiosity, and critical thinking shaped the development of scientific ideas, THOMAS KHUN (1922-1996) discoveries, and technological advancements. The Structure of Scientific Revolution NOTABLE SCIENTIST AND THEIR He argued that science does not evolve CONTRIBUTIONS gradually towards truth. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543) JOSEPH NEEDHAM (1900-1995) -Polymath and Astronomer. Science and Civilization in China: -Known for the Heliocentric Theory (the Explored the reasons behind China’s lack of sun is at the center of the solar system). a scientific revolution, attributing it to the imperial examination system and cultural -Wrote De revolutionibus orbium values. coelestium. JOSEPH NEEDHAM ISAAC ASIMOV (1920-1992) CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) Role of non-specialists in science: -Naturalist, Biologist, and Geologist. Stressed the importance of input from non-specialists in guiding scientific -Known for The Origin of Species and the development and judgment. Theory of Evolution. Described science as a system for testing SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) and refining knowledge, rather than delivering absolute truths. -Austrian Neurologist. -Developed Psychoanalysis, Iceberg Theory, and Psychosexual Theory of Development. 2 GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Development of Science in Early LESSON 2: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND Civilizations NATION BUILDING Mesoamerica: Contributions from Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations. KEY TERMS & DEFINITIONS Asia: India, China, the Philippines. Science and Technology (S&T) Middle East: Countries contributing to early Fields of knowledge and application science development. focusing on understanding natural phenomena (science) and applying that Africa: Notable advancements in ancient knowledge to create tools and solutions Egyptian civilization (technology). Indigenous Knowledge and Science: Nation Building Indigenous Knowledge System: The process of developing and strengthening the political, economic, and -Traditional knowledge for predicting social systems of a country, often through weather, seasons, animal behavior, and initiatives in education, infrastructure, and using celestial bodies. governance. -Herbal medicine and food preservation National Research Council of the practices. Philippines (NRCP) A government agency responsible for Indigenous Science: promoting scientific research and innovation through various research clusters. - part of indigenous knowledge systems, practiced by early civilizations and cultural Department of Science and Technology groups to solve practical problems. (DOST) The lead government agency in charge of Technology, Society, and Environment: overseeing science and technology policies, projects, and programs in the Philippines. -The Industrial Revolution: A significant turning point in history, leading to major Balik Scientist Program advancements in technology, society, and A government initiative encouraging Filipino environmental impact. scientists working abroad to return to the Philippines to contribute to local science -Science, Technology, and Society (STS): and technology efforts. Explores how technological advancements impact society and how societal needs and Philippine Science High School System values shape the development of science (PSHSS) and technology. It underscores the mutual A specialized science high school system influence between these fields in shaping that aims to nurture young minds with a human progress. 3 GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY strong foundation in science and Philippine-California Advanced Research mathematics. Institutes (PICARI). Science and Technology and Nation PROMINENT FILIPINO SCIENTISTS Building Lourdes Jansuy Cruz The Philippine Government's S&T Agenda focuses on preparing the nation for Known for her work on Sea Venom, the demands of a technologically driven recognized as a National Scientist in 2006. world and enhancing the capabilities of its citizens to thrive in such an environment. Ramon Cabanos Barba Developed Tissue Culture techniques for The National Research Council of the mangoes, awarded National Scientist in Philippines is divided into clusters: 2014. Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Fabian Millar Dayrit Social Sciences Physics Research in Herbal Medicine. Humanities Engineering Education Industrial Research Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz International Policies Earth and Space Governance. Sciences Educator and Graph Theorist. Mathematics. Science Education in the Philippines Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Science Education Medical Biological Sciences Chemical Agriculture focuses on teaching, learning, and Pharmaceutical Forestry. understanding science in both basic and Sciences. tertiary education. Basic Education Government Initiatives and Policies on Teaches science concepts and process Science and Technology skills related to everyday life, such as critical thinking and life skills. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Tertiary Education Prepares students for careers in Offers funding for research and science-related fields like teaching, development. Provides scholarships to research, and engineering. promote scientific education and training. Manages programs like the Balik Scientist Program, science and technology parks, and international collaborations like 4 GE-007 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Science Schools in the Philippines Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS) A premier institution offering specialized science education. Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project Aims to foster a love for science in younger students. Other notable schools include: Quezon City Regional Science High School. Manila Science High School. Central Visayan Institute Foundation. 5