Science 9 Quarter 2 Week 6 PDF

Department of Education National Capital Region Schools Division of Paranaque City Self-Learning Modules Science 9 Quarter 2 Week 6 Name: ___________________Grade & Section: __________...

Department of Education National Capital Region Schools Division of Paranaque City Self-Learning Modules Science 9 Quarter 2 Week 6 Name: ___________________Grade & Section: ____________ Score: ___________ Teacher: __________________________________ Date: ________________________ Objectives 1. Differentiate molecular, empirical, and structural (expanded and condensed) formulas; 2. Differentiate alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on the presence of bonds and their physical properties; 3.Name different structures of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohol, aldehydes, ester, carboxylic acid, ether, amines, amides, etc.); 4. Identify different functional groups and their uses in organic compounds. Let’s Understand Alcohol is one of the most sought-after products that surfaced the market during this time of pandemic. But what exactly are the components of alcohol that make it suitable for disinfecting your hands. Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element Carbon. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen combined with other elements. There are three main types of formulas; 1). EMPIRICAL FORMULA – the simplest formula; the formula that shows the ratio between atoms in lowest term. 2). MOLECULAR FORMULA – the formula that shows the actual number of atoms 3). STRUCTURAL FORMULA – the formula that shows not only the number of atoms but also the arrangement of the atoms. It is based on the Molecular Formula 1 Example: Suppose we have an octane and ethane molecule: Molecular Empirical Structural Formula Formula Formula Expanded Condensed C4H9 The GCF of 8 Octane C8H18 and 18 is 2. CH3-CH2-CH2- 8÷2 = 4 CH2-CH2-CH2- 18÷2 = 9 CH2-CH3 CH3 The GCF of 2 Ethane C2H6 and CH3-CH3 6 is 2. 2÷2 = 1 6÷2 = 3 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families namely, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The compounds in each group have certain structures that make their properties different from the others. 1). ALKANES – hydrocarbons containing SINGLE bond. 2). ALKENES – hydrocarbons containing at least one DOUBLE bond 3). ALKYNES – hydrocarbons containing at least one TRIPLE bond. 2  Table 1. Properties of Hydrocarbons Source:https://www.softschools.com/chemistry/organic_chemistry/alkanes_vs_alkenes_vs_alkynes/ Table 2. Alkanes Condensed Name Phase Structural Boiling Point (0C) Formula Methane Gas CH4 -162 Ethane Gas CH3CH3 -89 Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 -42 Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 -0.5 Table 3. Alkenes Condensed Name Phase Structural Boiling Point (0C) Formula Ethene Gas CH2=CH2 -104 Propene Gas CH2=CHCH3 -47 1- Butene Gas CH2=CHCH2CH3 -6 1- Pentene Liquid CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 30 3  Table 4. Alkynes Condensed Name Phase Structural Boiling Point (0C) Formula Ethyne Gas C2H2 -84 Propyne Gas CH3 = C-CH3 -47 2- Butyne Gas CH3C = CCH3 8.08 HC = CCH2CH2CH Pentyne Liquid 40.2 Aside from alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes there are also other common organic compounds. Alcohols and carbonyl group containing compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. Ethyne or commonly known as acetylene is an alkyne hydrocarbon with a chemical formula of C2H2. This organic compound is commonly used as fuel in an oxy – acetylene welding torch. Ethene is a gaseous organic compound with the chemical formula CH2CH2. It is a plant’s compound that is responsible for the ripening of fruits. Alcohols are a group of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group, - OH, that is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound. Carbonyl compounds like acetone and formaldehyde have a carbonyl functional group, C=O, which is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound. Acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover and formaldehyde is used in the preservation of organic materials like an animal specimen. Table 5. Different Functional Groups Functional Definition General Formula Example Group Involves an oxygen -OH CH3OH Alcohols atom that is bonded to Methanol one carbon atom Consist of an oxygen -O- atom that forms single CH3OCH3 Ethers bonds with two carbon Methoxymethane atoms The carbon atom is O bonded to an oxygen Carboxylic ║ CH3COOH atom by a double bond Acid -C-O-H Ethanoic Acid and to a hydroxyl (OH)group. 4  O The carbon is bonded to ║ one additional oxygen CH3COOCH3 Esters -C-O- atom and one carbon or Methylethanoate hydrogen atom O A carbonyl in which the ║ carbon atom is bonded CH3CHO Aldehydes -C-H to at least one hydrogen ethanal atom O Involves a carbonyl in ║ which the carbon atom CH3CH2COCH3 Ketones -C- makes single bond with 2-Butanone two R groups Consist of nitrogen -NH2 atom bonded to some CH3NH2 Amine combinations of Methylamine carbons and hydrogens O The carbon is attached ║ to one nitrogen atom CH3CH2CONH2 Amide -C-NH2 and one carbon or Propylamide hydrogen atom The different functional groups discussed in the previous module also has a lot of uses. Today we will try to look at the different uses of the Functional Groups in organic compounds. Alcohols are another group of organic compounds. Some alcohols are used as antiseptic or disinfectant, some are used as cleaning agents, others are used as components of liquors and a few alcohols are used as fuel for potable stoves or other types of burners. Ethyne is produced when Calcium carbide reacts with water in the air. It has the ability to hasten the ripening of fruits. That is why fruit vendors use calcium carbide in ripening their fruits in just a few days. Carbonyl compounds Acetone is used as a cleaning agent like a nail polish remover and formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials like an animal specimen. This is also the compound used in embalming human cadavers. Esters that have aromatic odors are used as ingredients for perfumes and essential oils. Ethers are used as a disinfectant. Cotton balls are dipped int ethers to disinfect the skin before an injection is done. 5  Let’s Apply Complete the table by supplying the missing information. Molecular Empirical Structural Formula Formula Formula Expanded Condensed Pentane C5H12 Hexane C6H14 Since the start of this pandemic, a lot of people have been using Alcohol as their primary means of disinfection. Alcohol is widely used now as a disinfectant, for viruses not to thrive in your hands, thus preventing certain diseases like CoViD – 19. Let’s have a simple activity using the commonly used alcohol products present in your house. This will allow us to recognize the uses of alcohol and identify similarities in the structure of the different types of alcohol. Procedure: 1. With the help of your family members, read the labels of the product that contains alcohol. 2. Write in the table below, the names of the products and the alcohol compounds that are found in the labels of the product and their uses. Name of Alcohol Percent (%) or amount Name of present in the of alcohol in the Uses Products product product 6  Let’s Analyze I. Answer the following. 1. How does the number of Carbon atoms relate to the number of Hydrogen atoms? 2. How does the expanded formula differs from the condensed formula? 3. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes? 4. What hydrocarbons are classified under gases and liquids? 5. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids? 6. What are the common products that contain alcohol? 7. Why are alcohols important? II. Identify the Functional Group of the following. 1. 2. 3 4.... III. Analyze the following illustration of the structure of alcohol and answer the question that follows. Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol 1.What types of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol? 2. What accounts for the similar physical properties of alcohols? 7  Let’s Try (Evaluation) Place the appropriate items in their respective basket. a. Has triple bonds d. Has double bonds b. CH2=CH2 e. Higher Boiling Points c. Octane Alkene Alkyne Alkane Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/open-box-icon-vector-isolated-contour-symbol-illustration- gm1193512324-339509708 Let’s Create (Performance Task) You are the BARANGAY CHAIRMAN in your area, how are you going to inform your community on the different ways on how are we going to fight COVID - 19. Your presentation will be rated on the following criteria: Details and Information/Accuracy 10 points Method of Presentation 10 points 8