Sch 500 Questions PDF

What is the primary goal of integrating science, religion, and spirituality? a) To promote economic growth b) To achieve world peace c) To create advanced technologies d) To dominate the world Answer: b) To achieve world peace What does 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' emphasize...

What is the primary goal of integrating science, religion, and spirituality? a) To promote economic growth b) To achieve world peace c) To create advanced technologies d) To dominate the world Answer: b) To achieve world peace What does 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' emphasize? a) Division among nations b) Global unity as one family c) Competition between cultures d) Pursuit of wealth Answer: b) Global unity as one family What is the primary focus of science as described in the material? a) Exploring subjective experiences b) Understanding physical reality through evidence c) Seeking moral truths d) Interpreting religious doctrines Answer: b) Understanding physical reality through evidence What is spirituality primarily concerned with? a) Material wealth b) Physical fitness c) Inner self and existential questions d) Scientific experimentation Answer: c) Inner self and existential questions Which term refers to the belief that science alone can solve all human problems? a) Scientism b) Empiricism c) Reductionism  d) Spiritualism Answer: a) Scientism Which ancient Indian concept advocates treating the entire world as a single family? a) Dharma b) Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam c) Karma d) Ahimsa Answer: b) Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam What does the concept of 'Value-Based Education' aim to promote? a) Wealth accumulation b) Materialism c) Ethics and social responsibility d) Religious dominance Answer: c) Ethics and social responsibility Which of the following is NOT a goal of value-based education? a) Academic success b) Social harmony c) Spiritual awareness d) Blind adherence to rules Answer: d) Blind adherence to rules Who is the founder of the World Peace Dome in Pune? a) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam b) Dr. Vishwanath Karad c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Swami Vivekananda Answer: b) Dr. Vishwanath Karad What is the significance of the World Peace Dome? a) It symbolizes interfaith harmony b) It commemorates the Indian freedom struggle  c) It is a scientific research center d) It houses India's Constitution Answer: a) It symbolizes interfaith harmony Batch 2: Swami Vivekananda 11. In which year did Swami Vivekananda deliver his famous Chicago speech? o a) 1890 o b) 1893 o c) 1902 o d) 1910 Answer: b) 1893 12. What was the primary message of Swami Vivekananda’s Chicago speech? o a) The superiority of Hinduism o b) The unity of all religions o c) The importance of scientific progress o d) Rejection of Western culture Answer: b) The unity of all religions 13. Who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual teacher? o a) Ramana Maharshi o b) Sri Ramakrishna o c) Adi Shankaracharya o d) Paramahansa Yogananda Answer: b) Sri Ramakrishna 14. What institution did Swami Vivekananda establish to spread his teachings? o a) Arya Samaj o b) Ramakrishna Mission o c) Brahmo Samaj o d) Theosophical Society Answer: b) Ramakrishna Mission 15. What philosophy did Swami Vivekananda promote extensively?  o a) Materialism o b) Vedanta o c) Scientism o d) Atheism Answer: b) Vedanta 16. What did Swami Vivekananda emphasize in education? o a) Accumulation of wealth o b) Unity of Eastern spirituality and Western progress o c) Blind adherence to rituals o d) Isolation from the global world Answer: b) Unity of Eastern spirituality and Western progress 17. Which value did Swami Vivekananda stress for personal and national development? o a) Strength-giving and man-making religion o b) Accumulation of power o c) Political domination o d) Industrialization Answer: a) Strength-giving and man-making religion 18. What was Swami Vivekananda’s vision for India’s spiritual heritage? o a) To abandon traditional practices o b) To integrate it with the modern world o c) To keep it isolated from external influences o d) To limit it to religious communities Answer: b) To integrate it with the modern world 19. Which spiritual text did Swami Vivekananda extensively interpret? o a) Vedas o b) Bhagavad Gita o c) Bible o d) Quran Answer: b) Bhagavad Gita 20. What was Swami Vivekananda’s view on service? o a) It is unnecessary in spirituality o b) Service to man is service to God o c) It should only be extended to the wealthy o d) It contradicts self-realization Answer: b) Service to man is service to God 21. Who is the author of the Mahabharata? o a) Valmiki o b) Vyasa o c) Tulsidas o d) Kalidasa Answer: b) Vyasa 22. What is the Ramayana often referred to as? o a) The first kavya (adi-kavya) o b) The greatest drama o c) The oldest scientific text o d) The treatise on war Answer: a) The first kavya (adi-kavya) 23. What does the Ramayana teach about? o a) The pursuit of wealth o b) The ideals of duty and morality o c) Strategies for war o d) Techniques of governance Answer: b) The ideals of duty and morality 24. Which character in the Ramayana represents ideal devotion? o a) Bharata o b) Hanuman o c) Lakshmana  o d) Ravana Answer: b) Hanuman 25. What is the primary theme of the Bhagavad Gita? o a) Material success o b) Detachment while performing one’s duties o c) Complete renunciation of action o d) Worship of deities Answer: b) Detachment while performing one’s duties 26. Who is the charioteer and guide in the Bhagavad Gita? o a) Dronacharya o b) Krishna o c) Bhishma o d) Karna Answer: b) Krishna 27. Which war forms the setting for the Mahabharata? o a) Kurukshetra War o b) Lanka War o c) Trojan War o d) Kalinga War Answer: a) Kurukshetra War 28. Who is the central protagonist of the Ramayana? o a) Krishna o b) Rama o c) Bhishma o d) Arjuna Answer: b) Rama 29. What lesson does Sita’s character teach in the Ramayana? o a) Greed leads to downfall o b) Devotion and steadfastness in adversity  o c) Pursuit of power o d) Manipulation of others Answer: b) Devotion and steadfastness in adversity 30. Which sage is traditionally regarded as the author of the Ramayana? o a) Vyasa o b) Valmiki o c) Vishwamitra o d) Agastya Answer: b) Valmiki 31. What is the meaning of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’? o a) Non-violence is supreme o b) The world is one family o c) Unity in diversity o d) Love is eternal Answer: b) The world is one family 32. Who introduced the concept of universal brotherhood at the global stage? o a) Rabindranath Tagore o b) Swami Vivekananda o c) Mahatma Gandhi o d) Sri Ramakrishna Answer: b) Swami Vivekananda 33. What does universal brotherhood emphasize? o a) Acceptance of differences o b) Enforcement of uniformity o c) Rejection of diversity o d) Supremacy of one culture Answer: a) Acceptance of differences 34. What does the concept of universal brotherhood warn against?  o a) Religious tolerance o b) Egoism and selfishness o c) Global collaboration o d) Educational reforms Answer: b) Egoism and selfishness 35. When is Universal Brotherhood Day celebrated? o a) January 26 o b) September 11 o c) October 2 o d) December 25 Answer: b) September 11 36. Which ancient philosophy aligns closely with universal brotherhood? o a) Advaita Vedanta o b) Dvaita philosophy o c) Charvaka philosophy o d) Sankhya philosophy Answer: a) Advaita Vedanta 37. What values are essential for achieving universal brotherhood? o a) Tolerance and mutual respect o b) Competition and dominance o c) Isolation and self-interest o d) Rejection of other cultures Answer: a) Tolerance and mutual respect 38. Which religious leader’s teachings emphasize the fatherhood of God and brotherhood of man? o a) Swami Vivekananda o b) Guru Nanak o c) Mahatma Gandhi o d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Answer: b) Guru Nanak 39. What is the ultimate goal of universal brotherhood? o a) To create a utopian society o b) To build global unity and peace o c) To establish cultural superiority o d) To accumulate wealth collectively Answer: b) To build global unity and peace 40. Which value is central to fostering universal brotherhood? o a) Wealth accumulation o b) Ethical conduct and compassion o c) Technological advancement o d) Strict religious adherence Answer: b) Ethical conduct and compassion 41. What is Swami Vivekananda’s birth name? o a) Narendra Nath Datta o b) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa o c) Vishwanath Karad o d) Tulsidas Sharma Answer: a) Narendra Nath Datta 42. Where did Swami Vivekananda first meet his spiritual teacher, Sri Ramakrishna? o a) Belur Math o b) Dakshineswar Kali Temple o c) Kanyakumari o d) Chicago Answer: b) Dakshineswar Kali Temple 43. What was Swami Vivekananda’s main focus for societal development? o a) Economic progress o b) Political reforms  o c) Spiritual awakening and education o d) Technological advancements Answer: c) Spiritual awakening and education 44. What inspired Swami Vivekananda to attend the World Parliament of Religions? o a) His desire for fame o b) His vision to spread Indian spirituality worldwide o c) A request from his disciples o d) An invitation from Western scholars Answer: b) His vision to spread Indian spirituality worldwide 45. Which institution did Swami Vivekananda establish in 1897? o a) Arya Samaj o b) Ramakrishna Mission o c) World Peace Center o d) Brahmo Samaj Answer: b) Ramakrishna Mission 46. What was the key philosophy of Swami Vivekananda’s teachings? o a) Individualism o b) Service to humanity as worship to God o c) Ritualism o d) Wealth accumulation Answer: b) Service to humanity as worship to God 47. How did Swami Vivekananda describe religion? o a) As a set of dogmas o b) As the realization of divinity within o c) As a tool for social control o d) As rituals and ceremonies Answer: b) As the realization of divinity within 48. Which text did Swami Vivekananda extensively explain in the West? o a) The Bible  o b) The Quran o c) The Bhagavad Gita o d) The Vedas Answer: c) The Bhagavad Gita 49. What was Swami Vivekananda’s role in reviving Hinduism? o a) Advocating its superiority over other religions o b) Promoting its spiritual and universal values o c) Rejecting modern influences o d) Isolating it from the world Answer: b) Promoting its spiritual and universal values 50. What does Swami Vivekananda’s quote, “Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached,” emphasize? o a) Perseverance and self-improvement o b) Immediate success without effort o c) Material accumulation o d) Avoidance of challenges Answer: a) Perseverance and self-improvement Batch 6: Bhagavad Gita Teachings 51. Who is the speaker of the Bhagavad Gita? o a) Arjuna o b) Krishna o c) Bhishma o d) Vyasa Answer: b) Krishna 52. What is the setting of the Bhagavad Gita? o a) Ayodhya o b) Kurukshetra battlefield o c) Lanka  o d) Mathura Answer: b) Kurukshetra battlefield 54. What is the core message of the Bhagavad Gita? a) Detachment from worldly things b) Service to humanity c) Detachment while performing one’s duties d) Ritualistic worship Answer: c) Detachment while performing one’s duties 55. What does the Bhagavad Gita emphasize about the soul? a) The soul is impermanent b) The soul is eternal and cannot be destroyed c) The soul is the source of all material wealth d) The soul is bound by karma Answer: b) The soul is eternal and cannot be destroyed 56. Which of the following is NOT one of the yogas described in the Bhagavad Gita? a) Bhakti Yoga b) Karma Yoga c) Jnana Yoga d) Sadhana Yoga Answer: d) Sadhana Yoga 57. Which path in the Bhagavad Gita emphasizes devotion to a personal deity? a) Karma Yoga b) Jnana Yoga c) Bhakti Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: c) Bhakti Yoga 58. What does ‘Karma Yoga’ advocate? a) Detachment from work b) Selfless action without attachment to results  c) Exclusive devotion to God d) Knowledge of the self Answer: b) Selfless action without attachment to results 59. In the Bhagavad Gita, who advises Arjuna to perform his duty? a) Vyasa b) Krishna c) Bhishma d) Dronacharya Answer: b) Krishna 60. Which of the following is a central concept in the Bhagavad Gita’s teachings? a) Renunciation of all work b) Importance of material success c) Performing one’s duties without attachment to outcomes d) Superiority of one’s religion over others Answer: c) Performing one’s duties without attachment to outcomes 61. Which yoga emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom? a) Karma Yoga b) Bhakti Yoga c) Jnana Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: c) Jnana Yoga 62. What did Lord Krishna advise Arjuna about his fears regarding the war? a) To avoid the battle altogether b) To seek forgiveness from the enemy c) To recognize that his soul is immortal d) To fight only for his personal gain Answer: c) To recognize that his soul is immortal 63. What does 'AUM' symbolize in Hindu philosophy?  a) Material wealth b) The sound of the universe c) Ultimate reality and creation d) The eternal soul Answer: c) Ultimate reality and creation 64. According to Hinduism, who is the ultimate reality? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahman d) Krishna Answer: c) Brahman 65. What is the essence of the concept of 'Atman' in Hinduism? a) The physical body b) The eternal soul c) The material world d) The duties in life Answer: b) The eternal soul 66. What does 'Advaita Vedanta' teach? a) There are multiple gods controlling the universe b) The belief in a creator god who controls everything c) The ultimate truth is the oneness of the individual soul and Brahman d) The soul is subject to eternal reincarnation Answer: c) The ultimate truth is the oneness of the individual soul and Brahman 67. Which of the following does not align with the teachings of Vedanta? a) The soul is eternal and unchanging b) God is a separate entity from creation c) The ultimate reality is non-dual d) The physical world is an illusion Answer: b) God is a separate entity from creation 68. What is the primary focus of Bhakti Yoga? a) Knowledge and self-realization b) Selfless action c) Meditation and concentration d) Love and devotion to God Answer: d) Love and devotion to God 69. Which of the following is the best description of 'Jnana Yoga'? a) Path of knowledge and wisdom b) Path of physical discipline and strength c) Path of devotion and surrender d) Path of renunciation and withdrawal from the world Answer: a) Path of knowledge and wisdom 70. What does 'Karma' refer to in Hindu philosophy? a) The practice of meditation b) Rituals for prosperity c) Actions and their consequences d) The path to liberation Answer: c) Actions and their consequences 71. What is the purpose of meditation in Hinduism? a) To escape from society b) To achieve material wealth c) To attain self-realization and union with the divine d) To control the physical world Answer: c) To attain self-realization and union with the divine 72. What is 'Moksha' in Hinduism? a) The accumulation of wealth b) The state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth c) The performance of rituals  d) The enjoyment of worldly pleasures Answer: b) The state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth 73. Who founded MIT World Peace University? a) Dr. Vishwanath Karad b) Swami Vivekananda c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar d) Mahatma Gandhi Answer: a) Dr. Vishwanath Karad 74. What is the World Peace Dome dedicated to? a) Scientific advancements b) World peace and interfaith harmony c) Hindu philosophy d) Educational reform Answer: b) World peace and interfaith harmony 75. Where is the World Peace Dome located? a) Delhi b) Mumbai c) Pune d) Kolkata Answer: c) Pune 76. Which of the following is a key feature of the MIT World Peace University campus? a) It is an industrial hub b) It integrates modern education with traditional values c) It focuses solely on technology d) It specializes in medical research Answer: b) It integrates modern education with traditional values 77. What is the philosophy behind Prof. Dr. Vishwanath Karad’s educational initiatives? a) Materialism and consumerism  b) Spirituality and scientific knowledge c) Isolation of cultures d) Political and economic domination Answer: b) Spirituality and scientific knowledge 78. Which monument symbolizes interfaith harmony in India, built by Prof. Karad? a) Ramakrishna Mission b) World Peace Dome c) Belur Math d) Lotus Temple Answer: b) World Peace Dome 79. What is the objective of the World Peace Dome? a) To promote technological advancements b) To foster interfaith dialogue and unity c) To honor historical figures d) To create religious conflict Answer: b) To foster interfaith dialogue and unity 80. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Vishwaraj Baug? a) A center for spiritual learning b) A place for interfaith dialogue c) A commercial marketplace d) A tranquil environment for meditation Answer: c) A commercial marketplace 81. Which style of architecture does the Bhagwan Gautam Buddha Vihar follow? a) Gothic style b) Japanese Pagoda style c) Victorian style d) Romanesque style Answer: b) Japanese Pagoda style 82. What message does the Vishwadharmi Shriram-Rahim Manavta Setu convey? a) Political unity b) Unity between different faiths c) Economic progress d) Social class distinctions Answer: b) Unity between different faiths 83. What is 'Dhyana Yoga'? a) The path of devotion b) The path of knowledge c) The path of meditation d) The path of selfless action Answer: c) The path of meditation 84. What does 'Jnana Yoga' focus on? a) Devotion to a deity b) Selfless service c) Knowledge and wisdom d) Physical fitness Answer: c) Knowledge and wisdom 85. In Hindu philosophy, which concept represents the ultimate reality? a) Atman b) Brahman c) Karma d) Moksha Answer: b) Brahman 86. What is the goal of 'Karma Yoga'? a) Achieving material success b) Performing actions selflessly without attachment to outcomes  c) Complete renunciation of work d) Attaining mystical powers Answer: b) Performing actions selflessly without attachment to outcomes 87. Which type of yoga involves selfless action without expectation of rewards? a) Bhakti Yoga b) Karma Yoga c) Jnana Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: b) Karma Yoga 88. What does ‘Nishkama Karma’ refer to? a) Action performed with selfish desires b) Action performed without attachment to results c) Renunciation of all worldly actions d) Inaction in the face of challenges Answer: b) Action performed without attachment to results 89. Which of the following is a central tenet of the 'Bhakti Yoga' philosophy? a) Knowledge through study b) Physical strength and discipline c) Devotion and surrender to a personal god d) Self-discipline and control over emotions Answer: c) Devotion and surrender to a personal god 90. What is the ultimate goal of 'Moksha' in Hinduism? a) Acquisition of wealth b) Attaining liberation from the cycle of rebirth c) Ascension to heaven d) Dominating the material world Answer: b) Attaining liberation from the cycle of rebirth 91. What is the practice of ‘Dhyana’ aimed at? a) Material gain  b) Physical relaxation c) Spiritual awakening and concentration d) Intellectual achievement Answer: c) Spiritual awakening and concentration 92. What is the Bhagavad Gita’s view on attachment? a) Attachment is the ultimate goal of life b) Attachment should be completely avoided c) Attachment to duty without selfish desires is acceptable d) Attachment is not discussed Answer: c) Attachment to duty without selfish desires is acceptable 93. Which of the following is the primary text for the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Upanishads c) Ramayana d) Mahabharata Answer: b) Upanishads 94. Which concept in Hindu philosophy teaches that the self (Atman) is identical with the supreme reality (Brahman)? a) Sankhya b) Advaita Vedanta c) Yoga d) Bhakti Answer: b) Advaita Vedanta 95. What does the term ‘Maya’ refer to in Hindu philosophy? a) The ultimate reality b) The illusion of the material world c) The eternal soul d) The process of meditation Answer: b) The illusion of the material world 96. What role does meditation play in Hinduism? a) It is a method for seeking wealth b) It is a path to spiritual liberation c) It is used for improving physical health d) It helps in material success Answer: b) It is a path to spiritual liberation 97. Which of the following best describes 'Moksha' in Hinduism? a) Reincarnation b) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth c) Achievement of wealth d) Victory in war Answer: b) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth 98. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main goals of life (Purusharthas) in Hinduism? a) Dharma (righteousness) b) Artha (prosperity) c) Moksha (liberation) d) Shakti (power) Answer: d) Shakti (power) 99. What is the central message of the Upanishads? a) The pursuit of wealth b) The nature of reality and self-realization c) The importance of rituals d) The practice of meditation alone Answer: b) The nature of reality and self-realization 100. What concept does the term 'Dharma' primarily refer to in Hinduism? a) Fate b) Duty and righteousness c) Religious rituals  d) Physical strength Answer: b) Duty and righteousness 101. What is the significance of ‘Aarti’ in Hinduism? a) It is a method of meditation b) It is a form of prayer and worship using light c) It is a dietary practice d) It is a form of yoga Answer: b) It is a form of prayer and worship using light 102. Which of the following is a primary Hindu practice for attaining spiritual knowledge? a) Physical exercise b) Chanting mantras c) Trading d) Avoiding social contact Answer: b) Chanting mantras 103. In which of the following Hindu temples is the worship of Goddess Durga primarily observed? a) Kashi Vishwanath b) Kamakhya Temple c) Somnath Temple d) Golden Temple Answer: b) Kamakhya Temple 104. What is the purpose of performing ‘Yajnas’ in Hinduism? a) To gain material wealth b) To maintain the cosmic order through rituals c) To engage in meditation d) To attain political power Answer: b) To maintain the cosmic order through rituals 105. What does ‘Puja’ refer to in Hindu religious practices?  a) A religious pilgrimage b) A form of ritual worship c) A type of philosophical study d) A public lecture Answer: b) A form of ritual worship 106. Which of the following practices is commonly associated with the festival of Diwali? a) Fasting b) Lighting oil lamps (diyas) c) Pilgrimages to sacred rivers d) Asceticism Answer: b) Lighting oil lamps (diyas) 107. Which Hindu text is often read aloud during important rituals such as weddings? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Ramayana c) Vedas d) Upanishads Answer: a) Bhagavad Gita 108. What is the role of a Guru in Hinduism? a) To provide material wealth b) To guide spiritual growth and knowledge c) To organize festivals d) To engage in political activities Answer: b) To guide spiritual growth and knowledge 109. What does ‘Satsang’ mean in Hinduism? a) Community service b) Gathering for spiritual discourse c) Fasting for spiritual purification  d) Performing religious rituals Answer: b) Gathering for spiritual discourse 110. What is ‘Vrata’ in Hinduism? a) A ritual offering to the deities b) A period of fasting or religious observance c) A philosophical text d) A type of yoga posture Answer: b) A period of fasting or religious observance 111. Which of the following is the Hindu god of destruction and regeneration? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: b) Shiva 112. Which Hindu god is known as the preserver of the universe? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Indra Answer: b) Vishnu 113. What is the vehicle (Vahana) of Lord Ganesha? a) Elephant b) Mouse c) Peacock d) Tiger Answer: b) Mouse 114. Which Hindu deity is associated with knowledge and wisdom? a) Lakshmi  b) Saraswati c) Parvati d) Ganesha Answer: b) Saraswati 115. Which of the following is the consort of Lord Vishnu? a) Parvati b) Durga c) Lakshmi d) Radha Answer: c) Lakshmi 116. Who is considered the father of Lord Ganesha? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Indra Answer: a) Shiva 117. Which of the following is associated with the destruction of evil in Hindu mythology? a) Vishnu’s incarnations b) Shiva’s tandava c) Lakshmi’s blessings d) Brahma’s creation of the world Answer: b) Shiva’s tandava 118. Who is the supreme deity in the concept of the Trimurti in Hinduism? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) All are equal Answer: d) All are equal 119. Who is the goddess of wealth in Hinduism?  a) Saraswati b) Lakshmi c) Durga d) Parvati Answer: b) Lakshmi 120. Which Hindu god is depicted with multiple arms and is known as the remover of obstacles? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Ganesha d) Brahma Answer: c) Ganesha 121. Who is considered the first teacher of humanity according to Hindu tradition? a) Krishna b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Adi Shankaracharya Answer: c) Brahma 122. Which demon did Lord Rama defeat in the Ramayana? a) Ravana b) Kumbhakarna c) Vibhishana d) Surpanakha Answer: a) Ravana 123. What does the term 'Yuga' refer to in Hinduism? a) The soul's journey after death b) A period or era in the cosmic cycle c) A specific Hindu festival  d) The creation of the universe Answer: b) A period or era in the cosmic cycle 124. Who was the mother of Pandavas in the Mahabharata? a) Draupadi b) Kunti c) Gandhari d) Satyavati Answer: b) Kunti 125. What role did Hanuman play in the Ramayana? a) A king of Lanka b) The son of Lord Shiva c) A loyal devotee and servant of Lord Rama d) A great sage who guided Lord Rama Answer: c) A loyal devotee and servant of Lord Rama 126. Which of the following is the primary sacred text in Hinduism? a) Quran b) Bible c) Vedas d) Torah Answer: c) Vedas 127. What is the name of the demon that Lord Vishnu defeated in his incarnation as Narasimha? a) Ravana b) Hiranyakashipu c) Kamsa d) Banasura Answer: b) Hiranyakashipu 128. Which river is considered sacred in Hinduism and is worshipped as a goddess? a) Ganges  b) Yamuna c) Saraswati d) Godavari Answer: a) Ganges 129. Who are the Pandavas in the Mahabharata? a) The children of Lord Krishna b) The cousins of Lord Rama c) The five sons of King Pandu d) The brothers of Lord Vishnu Answer: c) The five sons of King Pandu 130. What is the name of the demon who was defeated by Lord Vishnu in his incarnation as Vamana? a) Ravana b) Bali c) Kamsa d) Banasura Answer: b) Bali 131. Which Hindu festival is known as the festival of lights? a) Holi b) Diwali c) Raksha Bandhan d) Navratri Answer: b) Diwali 132. Which of the following Hindu festivals celebrates the victory of good over evil? a) Holi b) Diwali c) Makar Sankranti  d) Maha Shivaratri Answer: b) Diwali 133. Which festival is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is observed with fasting and prayer by his devotees? a) Diwali b) Maha Shivaratri c) Navratri d) Raksha Bandhan Answer: b) Maha Shivaratri 134. What is the primary significance of the festival of Holi? a) The harvest season b) The beginning of the new year c) The celebration of the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil d) The worship of Lord Vishnu Answer: c) The celebration of the arrival of spring and the triumph of good over evil 135. Which festival marks the birth of Lord Krishna? a) Holi b) Raksha Bandhan c) Janmashtami d) Karva Chauth Answer: c) Janmashtami 136. Which of the following is the major ritual in the festival of Navratri? a) Fasting b) Lighting oil lamps c) Reciting mantras d) Dancing and singing Answer: d) Dancing and singing 137. What does the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi celebrate? a) The birth of Lord Ganesha  b) The victory of Lord Rama c) The marriage of Lord Shiva and Parvati d) The creation of the world Answer: a) The birth of Lord Ganesha 138. During which festival do Hindus traditionally fast and observe prayers for the well-being of their husbands? a) Diwali b) Karva Chauth c) Holi d) Makar Sankranti Answer: b) Karva Chauth 139. Which Hindu festival celebrates the victory of Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura? a) Diwali b) Navratri c) Durga Puja d) Ganesh Chaturthi Answer: c) Durga Puja 140. What is traditionally done during the ritual of 'Kundalini Yoga'? a) Lighting oil lamps b) Chanting mantras for spiritual awakening c) Dancing in a group d) Practicing self-restraint and fasting Answer: b) Chanting mantras for spiritual awakening 141. What does 'Karma' refer to in Hindu philosophy? a) Reincarnation b) Good and bad actions and their consequences c) The supreme god  d) The law of attraction Answer: b) Good and bad actions and their consequences 142. Which of the following is considered a major text of Hindu philosophy? a) Quran b) Bhagavad Gita c) Bible d) Torah Answer: b) Bhagavad Gita 143. What is the goal of the practice of ‘Dharma’ in Hinduism? a) Achieving material wealth b) Fulfilling one’s ethical duties c) Attaining spiritual enlightenment d) Building a political empire Answer: b) Fulfilling one’s ethical duties 144. Which Hindu deity is associated with the practice of meditation and yoga? a) Vishnu b) Brahma c) Shiva d) Lakshmi Answer: c) Shiva 145. What does the term 'Atman' represent in Hindu philosophy? a) The Supreme God b) The soul or self c) The material world d) A celestial body Answer: b) The soul or self 146. Which sacred river is central to Hinduism and regarded as purifying? a) Yamuna  b) Ganges c) Godavari d) Brahmaputra Answer: b) Ganges 147. What is the concept of ‘Samsara’ in Hinduism? a) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth b) The final liberation c) The physical world d) The journey of the soul Answer: a) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 148. What does the Hindu concept of ‘Ahimsa’ mean? a) Knowledge of self b) Non-violence c) The ultimate goal of life d) Devotion to God Answer: b) Non-violence 149. Which practice in Hinduism is believed to lead to 'Moksha'? a) Performing rituals b) Attaining wealth c) Devotion, meditation, and selfless action d) Rebirth Answer: c) Devotion, meditation, and selfless action 150. Which Hindu philosophy emphasizes that the soul is one with the universe? a) Advaita Vedanta b) Shaktism c) Samkhya d) Vaishnavism Answer: a) Advaita Vedanta 151. Which Hindu philosophy advocates that the ultimate reality is beyond human comprehension? a) Advaita Vedanta b) Samkhya c) Yoga d) Vishishtadvaita Answer: a) Advaita Vedanta 152. Which of the following Hindu practices involves the offering of light to deities during worship? a) Puja b) Yajna c) Aarti d) Bhajan Answer: c) Aarti 153. Which ancient text in Hinduism discusses the three gunas (qualities) of nature? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Vedas c) Upanishads d) Yoga Sutras Answer: a) Bhagavad Gita 154. Which Hindu god is known as the protector of the universe in the Puranas? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: a) Vishnu 155. What concept in Hinduism describes the eternal cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth? a) Dharma  b) Moksha c) Karma d) Samsara Answer: d) Samsara 156. Which spiritual discipline is primarily concerned with controlling the mind and senses? a) Bhakti Yoga b) Jnana Yoga c) Karma Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: d) Raja Yoga 157. Who is the mother of Lord Ganesha in Hindu mythology? a) Lakshmi b) Parvati c) Saraswati d) Durga Answer: b) Parvati 158. Which ancient text is considered the most authoritative in Vedantic philosophy? a) Yoga Sutras b) Vedas c) Upanishads d) Bhagavad Gita Answer: c) Upanishads 159. Which Hindu festival celebrates the victory of light over darkness? a) Holi b) Diwali c) Navratri d) Makar Sankranti Answer: b) Diwali  160. Which Hindu epic contains the teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna? a) Ramayana b) Mahabharata c) Bhagavad Gita d) Puranas Answer: b) Mahabharata Batch 18: Philosophy and Teachings of Hinduism 161. Which one of the following is a key principle of the Hindu practice of meditation? a) Fast-paced action b) Self-realization through stillness c) Striving for fame d) Accumulating knowledge through reading Answer: b) Self-realization through stillness 162. In Hinduism, which deity is known for his role in the destruction of the universe at the end of each cosmic cycle? a) Brahma b) Vishnu c) Shiva d) Indra Answer: c) Shiva 163. Which of the following is the Hindu term for "the ultimate truth" or "absolute reality"? a) Karma b) Atman c) Brahman d) Dharma Answer: c) Brahman 164. Which of the following practices is associated with reaching spiritual liberation in Hinduism? a) Fasting and self-denial b) Meditation and self-awareness c) Performing physical rituals d) Acquiring material wealth Answer: b) Meditation and self-awareness 165. What is the central theme of the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita? a) Ultimate renunciation of the world b) The importance of knowledge and self-realization c) The rejection of all religions d) Selfless action and detachment from results Answer: d) Selfless action and detachment from results 166. What term describes the Hindu belief in the divine presence in all living beings? a) Atman b) Bhagwan c) Dharma d) Krishna Answer: a) Atman 167. What is the Hindu concept of ‘Karma’? a) The power to manifest reality b) Actions and their consequences c) Meditative enlightenment d) The path to liberation Answer: b) Actions and their consequences 168. What is the importance of the Vedas in Hinduism? a) They are the stories of gods b) They are the divine hymns and prayers c) They explain the physical creation of the world  d) They are the laws governing society Answer: b) They are the divine hymns and prayers 169. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary source of spiritual knowledge in Hinduism? a) The Vedas b) The Upanishads c) The Puranas d) Scientific texts Answer: d) Scientific texts 170. What does the term 'Dharma' represent in Hinduism? a) The physical body b) The spiritual goal of life c) The righteous duty and ethical law d) The power of meditation Answer: c) The righteous duty and ethical law Batch 19: Key Hindu Figures and Historical Events 171. Who is regarded as the founder of the Ramakrishna Mission? a) Sri Ramakrishna b) Swami Vivekananda c) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi d) Swami Sivananda Answer: b) Swami Vivekananda 172. Which of the following was the first significant reformist movement in Hinduism? a) Brahmo Samaj b) Arya Samaj c) Theosophical Society d) Ramakrishna Mission Answer: a) Brahmo Samaj 173. Which Hindu leader is known for his advocacy of non-violence and truth? a) Subhas Chandra Bose b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Sardar Patel Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi 174. What was the primary aim of the Arya Samaj? a) To encourage caste discrimination b) To promote equality and reformation of Hindu society c) To spread Buddhism d) To expand military strength Answer: b) To promote equality and reformation of Hindu society 175. Which of the following is a significant teaching of Swami Vivekananda? a) The unity of all religions b) The superiority of one religion over others c) Material progress over spiritual well-being d) The rejection of all traditions Answer: a) The unity of all religions 176. What does the concept of ‘Shakti’ refer to in Hinduism? a) The supreme god b) The divine energy or power of the goddess c) The physical world d) The eternal soul Answer: b) The divine energy or power of the goddess 177. Which Hindu tradition believes in the worship of the goddess as the supreme force? a) Vaishnavism b) Shaktism  c) Shaivism d) Buddhism Answer: b) Shaktism 178. What is the Hindu concept of ‘Sadhana’? a) A ritual sacrifice b) A spiritual practice aimed at self-realization c) A form of social service d) A pilgrimage Answer: b) A spiritual practice aimed at self-realization 179. What is the central goal of yoga in Hinduism? a) Physical fitness b) Mental peace c) Union with the divine d) Social harmony Answer: c) Union with the divine 180. What is ‘Pranayama’ in Hindu practice? a) A type of meditation b) The practice of controlling the breath c) A form of physical exercise d) A sacred mantra Answer: b) The practice of controlling the breath Batch 20: Hinduism and Society 181. What does the Hindu caste system primarily categorize? a) Spiritual practice b) Occupations and social duties c) Political beliefs d) Philosophical schools Answer: b) Occupations and social duties 182. Which of the following is NOT a component of Hindu worship? a) Offerings of food b) Chanting of sacred mantras c) Gathering of money for charity d) Physical gestures like bowing and prostration Answer: c) Gathering of money for charity 183. Which practice in Hinduism is associated with spiritual purification through fasting? a) Dhyana b) Sadhana c) Vrata d) Yajna Answer: c) Vrata 184. Which of the following Hindu practices focuses on the study of sacred texts and intellectual discussions? a) Bhakti Yoga b) Karma Yoga c) Jnana Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: c) Jnana Yoga 185. Which of the following is an essential aspect of Hindu marriage ceremonies? a) Fasting for a specific period b) Rituals to sanctify the bond between husband and wife c) Going on pilgrimage d) Wearing sacred clothing Answer: b) Rituals to sanctify the bond between husband and wife 186. Which of the following best describes the role of women in early Hindu society? a) Equal to men in all respects  b) Predominantly domestic and supportive c) Focused on religious leadership d) Excluded from spiritual practices Answer: b) Predominantly domestic and supportive 187. What is ‘Guru-Purnima’? a) A day of fasting b) A day to celebrate teachers and spiritual leaders c) A day to honor ancient texts d) A festival to celebrate wealth Answer: b) A day to celebrate teachers and spiritual leaders 188. What does the practice of ‘Samskaras’ in Hinduism refer to? a) Rituals performed at birth, marriage, and death b) The meditation techniques c) The study of scriptures d) The seasonal festivals Answer: a) Rituals performed at birth, marriage, and death 189. Which of the following is the primary objective of Hindu rituals? a) To increase material wealth b) To achieve spiritual growth and liberation c) To display public status d) To compete with other religions Answer: b) To achieve spiritual growth and liberation 190. What does the practice of ‘Havan’ involve? a) Pilgrimage to a sacred river b) The offering of materials to a sacred fire c) Fasting for spiritual purification d) Chanting mantras Answer: b) The offering of materials to a sacred fire 191. Which of the following is the primary goal of 'Karma Yoga' in Hinduism?  a) Material success b) Performing actions without attachment to the results c) Attaining wealth d) Developing physical strength Answer: b) Performing actions without attachment to the results 192. What is the role of the Guru in the practice of yoga? a) To teach the spiritual path and guide the disciple b) To perform rituals for the disciple c) To offer material wealth to the disciple d) To lead the disciple in a battle Answer: a) To teach the spiritual path and guide the disciple 193. What does the 'Kundalini' represent in Hindu spiritual practices? a) The eternal soul b) The divine energy coiled at the base of the spine c) The supreme godhead d) The material world Answer: b) The divine energy coiled at the base of the spine 194. Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘Maya’? a) The path to spiritual liberation b) The illusion of the material world c) The absolute truth d) The soul’s journey through rebirth Answer: b) The illusion of the material world 195. In Hinduism, what is the ‘Veda’ considered to be? a) A collection of hymns and prayers b) A book of historical events c) A guide to political leadership d) A collection of philosophical texts Answer: a) A collection of hymns and prayers 196. Which of the following is NOT a Vedic text? a) Rigveda b) Yajurveda c) Bhagavad Gita d) Atharvaveda Answer: c) Bhagavad Gita 197. What is ‘Satsang’ in Hinduism? a) The practice of self-realization b) A gathering for spiritual discourse c) A physical exercise for purification d) A type of Hindu pilgrimage Answer: b) A gathering for spiritual discourse 198. Which of the following is a central theme of the Bhagavad Gita? a) The importance of wealth b) The practice of meditation only c) Performing one's duties selflessly d) The rejection of family bonds Answer: c) Performing one's duties selflessly 199. Which Hindu god is most commonly associated with the destruction of evil? a) Brahma b) Shiva c) Vishnu d) Ganesha Answer: b) Shiva 200. Which of the following texts is considered a key philosophical scripture of Hinduism? a) Ramayana b) Bhagavad Gita c) Upanishads  d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above Batch 22: Hindu Cosmology and Time 201. In Hindu cosmology, which deity is responsible for the creation of the universe? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: c) Brahma 202. What is the concept of ‘Kalpa’ in Hindu cosmology? a) A period of spiritual enlightenment b) A cosmic cycle of creation and destruction c) A sacred text d) A type of ritual practice Answer: b) A cosmic cycle of creation and destruction 203. Which of the following is a key feature of the Hindu view of time? a) Time is linear and finite b) Time is cyclical, with creation and destruction repeating c) Time is controlled by the gods alone d) Time is an illusion with no real significance Answer: b) Time is cyclical, with creation and destruction repeating 204. In Hindu cosmology, what is the term for the current age or ‘era’? a) Satya Yuga b) Kali Yuga c) Treta Yuga d) Dwapara Yuga Answer: b) Kali Yuga 205. Which of the following describes the nature of the universe according to Hindu thought? a) The universe is created once and remains unchanged b) The universe is cyclical and continually undergoes cycles of creation and dissolution c) The universe is a single, unchanging entity d) The universe is only a product of human perception Answer: b) The universe is cyclical and continually undergoes cycles of creation and dissolution 206. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Hindu understanding of time? a) The concept of yugas b) The endless repetition of the cosmic cycle c) A linear, unidirectional timeline from creation to end d) The division of time into four main epochs Answer: c) A linear, unidirectional timeline from creation to end 207. In Hindu mythology, what is ‘Pralaya’? a) The creation of the universe b) The cosmic dissolution or destruction c) The path to enlightenment d) The divine presence in all beings Answer: b) The cosmic dissolution or destruction 208. What is the purpose of the ‘Yugas’ in Hindu cosmology? a) To measure human lifespan b) To describe the cyclical nature of time c) To mark the beginning of the universe d) To define the creation of individual gods Answer: b) To describe the cyclical nature of time 209. How does the Hindu tradition view the end of the world? a) As a final destruction that leads to nothingness  b) As a cyclical event that marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another c) As the end of human existence d) As a complete cessation of time Answer: b) As a cyclical event that marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another 210. Which Hindu deity is associated with the preservation and maintenance of the universe? a) Vishnu b) Brahma c) Shiva d) Ganesh Answer: a) Vishnu 211. What does the Hindu wedding ceremony primarily symbolize? a) Union of two families b) Spiritual union of two souls c) Material prosperity d) The continuation of family traditions Answer: b) Spiritual union of two souls 212. What is the significance of ‘Havan’ or ‘Yajna’ in Hinduism? a) To celebrate the harvest b) To purify the mind and body c) To offer prayers and sacrifices to the gods d) To perform meditation and chant mantras Answer: c) To offer prayers and sacrifices to the gods 213. In Hinduism, what is the significance of ‘Tithi’? a) The cycle of physical purification b) The phases of the moon used to determine auspicious times c) The sacred food offerings  d) The performance of fire rituals Answer: b) The phases of the moon used to determine auspicious times 214. Which Hindu festival is primarily associated with the worship of Lord Vishnu? a) Diwali b) Holi c) Janmashtami d) Navratri Answer: c) Janmashtami 215. What is the main aim of ‘Upanayana’ in Hinduism? a) To mark the beginning of the study of Vedas for a young boy b) To offer sacrifices to the gods c) To celebrate the harvest d) To acknowledge the birth of a child Answer: a) To mark the beginning of the study of Vedas for a young boy 216. Which of the following is the central idea behind the ‘Shraddha’ ceremony? a) To honor ancestors and offer them food b) To celebrate the birth of a child c) To purify the mind through chanting d) To celebrate a wedding Answer: a) To honor ancestors and offer them food 217. What is the ‘Arti’ ceremony in Hinduism? a) The offering of food to the deities b) The singing of sacred songs and hymns c) The lighting of lamps and the offering of prayers d) The fasting for a specific purpose Answer: c) The lighting of lamps and the offering of prayers 218. Which of the following is a key feature of the ‘Vrat’ practice in Hinduism?  a) Fasting and prayer b) Ritual sacrifices c) Attending a pilgrimage d) Reciting scriptures Answer: a) Fasting and prayer 219. What is ‘Puja’ typically performed for in Hinduism? a) To gain material wealth b) To honor deities and seek blessings c) To celebrate the harvest d) To purify the body Answer: b) To honor deities and seek blessings 220. Who is the preserver of the universe according to Hinduism? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: a) Vishnu 221. What does the Hindu god Ganesha symbolize? a) Destruction b) Knowledge and wisdom c) Wealth and prosperity d) Success and new beginnings Answer: d) Success and new beginnings 222. Which god is known for his ten avatars, including the famous incarnations of Rama and Krishna? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Indra Answer: a) Vishnu 223. Which of the following is considered the primary consort of Lord Shiva? a) Saraswati b) Lakshmi c) Durga d) Parvati Answer: d) Parvati 224. Which god in Hinduism is regarded as the creator of the universe? a) Shiva b) Brahma c) Vishnu d) Surya Answer: b) Brahma 225. What is the vehicle (Vahana) of Lord Vishnu? a) Elephant b) Lion c) Garuda (eagle) d) Bull Answer: c) Garuda (eagle) 226. Who is regarded as the goddess of knowledge, arts, and wisdom in Hinduism? a) Lakshmi b) Saraswati c) Parvati d) Durga Answer: b) Saraswati 227. Which of the following is the vehicle (Vahana) of Lord Shiva? a) Horse b) Elephant c) Bull  d) Mouse Answer: c) Bull 228. Who is the goddess of wealth and prosperity in Hinduism? a) Durga b) Lakshmi c) Parvati d) Sita Answer: b) Lakshmi 229. Which Hindu god is known for his association with dance and destruction? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Krishna Answer: b) Shiva 230. Which of the following Hindu deities is considered the god of war? a) Shiva b) Krishna c) Kartikeya d) Ganesha Answer: c) Kartikeya 231. Which of the following is NOT a part of a typical Hindu marriage ceremony? a) Saptapadi (seven steps) b) Kanyadaan (giving away the bride) c) Garbhadhana (conception ritual) d) Homa (fire sacrifice) Answer: c) Garbhadhana (conception ritual) 232. What is the 'Rudra Puja' dedicated to in Hinduism? a) Goddess Lakshmi  b) Lord Vishnu c) Lord Shiva d) Lord Ganesha Answer: c) Lord Shiva 233. What is the primary goal of 'Kundalini Yoga'? a) Spiritual enlightenment through meditation b) Physical fitness c) Accumulating material wealth d) Achieving political power Answer: a) Spiritual enlightenment through meditation 234. Which Hindu ceremony is performed for the deceased in order to ensure their peaceful afterlife? a) Pujas b) Shraddha c) Satsang d) Aarti Answer: b) Shraddha 235. What is the significance of the 'Kumkum' in Hindu rituals? a) It is a sacred offering to the gods b) It is used for decorating the temples c) It is applied on the forehead during worship d) It is used for marking auspicious events Answer: c) It is applied on the forehead during worship 236. In Hindu rituals, what is the purpose of the 'Agni' or fire? a) To purify the body b) To symbolize the presence of gods c) To bring good health d) To perform sacrifices Answer: b) To symbolize the presence of gods 237. Which of the following rituals is performed by Hindus for purification and spiritual growth? a) Fasting b) Yajna c) Pilgrimages d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 238. What is the purpose of the ‘Tilak’ in Hindu traditions? a) To ward off evil b) To honor the gods c) To mark auspicious occasions d) To purify the body Answer: c) To mark auspicious occasions 239. Which festival involves fasting and prayer by women for the well- being of their husbands? a) Holi b) Karva Chauth c) Diwali d) Navratri Answer: b) Karva Chauth 240. What does the 'Sankalp' mean in Hindu rituals? a) The ceremonial fire b) The spiritual prayer c) The vow or intention taken during rituals d) The offering of food to the gods Answer: c) The vow or intention taken during rituals 241. What is the concept of 'Maya' in Hinduism? a) The law of karma b) The illusion of the material world c) The eternal truth  d) The concept of liberation Answer: b) The illusion of the material world 242. What is ‘Dharma’ in Hinduism? a) The supreme god b) The universal law of right conduct c) The cycle of birth and rebirth d) The ultimate goal of life Answer: b) The universal law of right conduct 243. What does 'Atman' represent in Hindu philosophy? a) The universe b) The self or soul c) The creator of the world d) The laws of nature Answer: b) The self or soul 244. Which of the following texts describes the nature of reality and the self in Hindu philosophy? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Vedas c) Upanishads d) Ramayana Answer: c) Upanishads 245. Which Hindu text describes the nature of the soul and the purpose of life? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Mahabharata c) Ramayana d) Manusmriti Answer: a) Bhagavad Gita 246. What does 'Moksha' signify in Hinduism? a) Eternal rebirth  b) Liberation from the cycle of birth and death c) Fulfillment of worldly desires d) The completion of rituals Answer: b) Liberation from the cycle of birth and death 247. What is the ‘Yoga Sutras’ primarily focused on? a) Performing religious rituals b) Meditation and spiritual practices c) The study of the Vedas d) The creation of the universe Answer: b) Meditation and spiritual practices 248. Which Hindu god is known for his incarnation as Lord Rama in the Ramayana? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: a) Vishnu 249. What does the term ‘Bhakti’ mean in Hinduism? a) Knowledge and wisdom b) Devotion to God c) The study of scriptures d) Renunciation of worldly possessions Answer: b) Devotion to God 250. What is the main purpose of ‘Jnana Yoga’? a) Physical health b) Knowledge and wisdom for self-realization c) Material success d) Devotion to the supreme deity Answer: b) Knowledge and wisdom for self-realization 251. Which of the following is the Hindu concept of the cosmic order?  a) Dharma b) Karma c) Moksha d) Samsara Answer: a) Dharma 252. In Hindu cosmology, which Yuga is considered the current era? a) Satya Yuga b) Treta Yuga c) Kali Yuga d) Dwapara Yuga Answer: c) Kali Yuga 253. What is the Hindu concept of ‘Brahman’? a) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic power b) The deity of creation c) The individual soul d) The cycle of reincarnation Answer: a) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic power 254. What is the Hindu concept of ‘Samsara’? a) The material world b) The eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth c) Liberation from the material world d) The divine law of the universe Answer: b) The eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 255. Which Hindu god is considered the god of knowledge and wisdom? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: d) Ganesha 256. What does ‘AUM’ represent in Hinduism? a) The soul b) The universe and the ultimate reality c) The cycle of birth and death d) The earth Answer: b) The universe and the ultimate reality 257. Which Yuga is characterized by the presence of truth, righteousness, and spiritual purity? a) Satya Yuga b) Treta Yuga c) Dwapara Yuga d) Kali Yuga Answer: a) Satya Yuga 258. What is the significance of the ‘Saptapadi’ in Hindu marriage rituals? a) The exchange of vows between the couple b) The couple taking seven steps together, symbolizing their unity c) The lighting of the sacred fire d) The offering of food to the gods Answer: b) The couple taking seven steps together, symbolizing their unity 259. What does ‘Karma’ in Hinduism primarily refer to? a) Actions and their consequences b) The law of the universe c) The power of meditation d) The path to liberation Answer: a) Actions and their consequences 260. In Hindu philosophy, what is the nature of ‘Atman’? a) The universe b) The soul or individual self c) The deity of creation  d) The law of nature Answer: b) The soul or individual self 261. Which of the following festivals marks the birth of Lord Krishna? a) Holi b) Diwali c) Janmashtami d) Ganesh Chaturthi Answer: c) Janmashtami 262. What is celebrated during the festival of Holi in Hinduism? a) The triumph of good over evil b) The arrival of spring and the victory of good over evil c) The victory of Lord Krishna d) The beginning of the new year Answer: b) The arrival of spring and the victory of good over evil 263. What is the significance of lighting diyas during Diwali? a) To symbolize the destruction of evil b) To honor the moon c) To offer prayers to the gods d) To celebrate the harvest Answer: a) To symbolize the destruction of evil 264. Which festival is celebrated to honor the goddess Durga? a) Ganesh Chaturthi b) Navratri c) Diwali d) Makar Sankranti Answer: b) Navratri 265. Which of the following is a primary feature of the festival of Raksha Bandhan? a) The worship of Lord Ganesha b) The celebration of brother-sister relationships  c) The honoring of ancestors d) The lighting of lamps Answer: b) The celebration of brother-sister relationships 266. Which festival marks the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana? a) Diwali b) Dussehra c) Holi d) Makar Sankranti Answer: b) Dussehra 267. Which Hindu festival celebrates the harvesting season and the worship of the Sun god? a) Makar Sankranti b) Diwali c) Karva Chauth d) Ganesh Chaturthi Answer: a) Makar Sankranti 268. What is the central focus of the festival of Karva Chauth? a) Fasting for the prosperity of the family b) Devotion to Lord Vishnu c) Fasting for the long life of husbands d) The start of the monsoon season Answer: c) Fasting for the long life of husbands 269. What does the 'Baisakhi' festival signify in Hinduism? a) The birth of Lord Krishna b) The harvest season and the beginning of the new year c) The triumph of good over evil d) The celebration of Lord Shiva’s victory Answer: b) The harvest season and the beginning of the new year 270. Which Hindu festival is celebrated by offering prayers and fasting to Lord Shiva?  a) Diwali b) Maha Shivaratri c) Holi d) Karva Chauth Answer: b) Maha Shivaratri 271. Which of the following is the significance of 'Tilak' in Hindu rituals? a) A symbol of protection and auspiciousness b) The marking of sacred ground c) The offering of food to deities d) The chanting of sacred mantras Answer: a) A symbol of protection and auspiciousness 272. What is the purpose of the ‘Puja’ ceremony in Hinduism? a) To give thanks and offer prayers to deities b) To gather wealth c) To celebrate the birth of a child d) To recite philosophical texts Answer: a) To give thanks and offer prayers to deities 273. Which of the following is NOT typically part of the Hindu ritual known as ‘Havan’? a) Offering ghee and other materials into a sacred fire b) Chanting mantras c) Worshiping idols in temples d) Offering food to the gods Answer: c) Worshiping idols in temples 274. What is the significance of the ‘Saptapadi’ during a Hindu wedding? a) The couple takes seven vows b) The couple exchanges wedding rings c) The bride receives her wedding gift d) The couple recites sacred hymns Answer: a) The couple takes seven vows 275. What is the purpose of the 'Chaupadi' tradition in certain Hindu communities? a) Celebrating harvest b) A form of fasting during certain periods of the year c) The ritualistic singing of hymns d) A ritual purification process Answer: b) A form of fasting during certain periods of the year 276. What is ‘Karma Yoga’ in Hinduism? a) The path of devotion to a god b) The path of selfless action c) The practice of meditation d) The study of sacred texts Answer: b) The path of selfless action 277. What is the ultimate goal of 'Moksha' in Hinduism? a) Reincarnation b) Accumulating wealth c) Liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth d) Achieving political power Answer: c) Liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth 278. What is the practice of ‘Bhakti Yoga’ focused on? a) Knowledge and wisdom b) Devotion and love for God c) Physical fitness d) The study of scriptures Answer: b) Devotion and love for God 279. What does ‘Atman’ signify in Hindu philosophy? a) The eternal soul or self b) The material world c) The law of karma  d) The cycle of reincarnation Answer: a) The eternal soul or self 280. What is the meaning of ‘Dhyana’ in Hinduism? a) The practice of fasting b) The practice of meditation c) The performance of rituals d) The worship of deities Answer: b) The practice of meditation 281. Which of the following is an essential part of the Hindu practice of ‘Seva’? a) Wealth accumulation b) Service to others and selfless work c) Meditating for long hours d) Engaging in political activities Answer: b) Service to others and selfless work 282. Which of the following best describes the role of 'Karma' in Hinduism? a) The path of knowledge b) The actions and consequences of one’s actions c) The practice of devotion to a deity d) The cycle of reincarnation Answer: b) The actions and consequences of one’s actions 283. Which of the following is considered the first step in the spiritual journey of a Hindu? a) Knowledge (Jnana) b) Devotion (Bhakti) c) Meditation (Dhyana) d) Selfless action (Karma) Answer: d) Selfless action (Karma) 284. What is the Hindu practice of ‘Vrata’? a) A pilgrimage to a sacred site  b) Fasting and religious observance c) Offering prayers to the gods d) Reciting sacred mantras Answer: b) Fasting and religious observance 285. Which Hindu deity is known for his association with knowledge, wisdom, and writing? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Ganesha d) Brahma Answer: c) Ganesha 286. What does the term ‘Samsara’ mean in Hinduism? a) The path of knowledge b) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth c) The divine presence in all beings d) The ultimate goal of liberation Answer: b) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 287. In Hinduism, what is the primary purpose of the practice of meditation? a) To achieve physical health b) To accumulate wealth c) To attain spiritual knowledge and self-realization d) To gain material power Answer: c) To attain spiritual knowledge and self-realization 288. Which of the following is a key aspect of ‘Kundalini Yoga’? a) The practice of physical postures and breathing b) The worship of a deity c) The activation of spiritual energy through meditation d) The study of sacred texts Answer: c) The activation of spiritual energy through meditation 289. Which of the following practices is associated with the concept of ‘Bhakti Yoga’? a) Physical postures and meditation b) Knowledge through scriptures c) Devotion and love for God d) Rituals for prosperity Answer: c) Devotion and love for God 290. What does the practice of ‘Satsang’ typically involve? a) Offering food to the gods b) Listening to spiritual discourses c) Fasting for purification d) Dancing and singing Answer: b) Listening to spiritual discourses 291. What is the Hindu understanding of ‘Maya’? a) The ultimate reality b) The illusion of the material world c) The knowledge of the self d) The deity of destruction Answer: b) The illusion of the material world 292. Which Hindu text elaborates the philosophy of ‘Advaita Vedanta’? a) Yoga Sutras b) Bhagavad Gita c) Upanishads d) Ramayana Answer: c) Upanishads 293. Which of the following is a concept found in both Advaita Vedanta and the Bhagavad Gita? a) The world is an illusion b) The soul is identical with Brahman c) The body is the ultimate reality  d) Material wealth is the highest goal Answer: b) The soul is identical with Brahman 294. Which Hindu text presents a vision of the ideal man as one who combines knowledge, devotion, and selfless action? a) Vedas b) Bhagavad Gita c) Ramayana d) Manusmriti Answer: b) Bhagavad Gita 295. Which Hindu god represents the principle of preservation and protection of the universe? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Indra Answer: b) Vishnu 296. Which of the following describes the Hindu belief in 'Karma'? a) Good actions will lead to liberation b) Every action has consequences, either in this life or the next c) It is the ultimate truth d) It is a law of nature Answer: b) Every action has consequences, either in this life or the next 297. Which of the following concepts refers to the Hindu belief that the soul is eternal? a) Dharma b) Karma c) Atman d) Moksha Answer: c) Atman 298. What does the term 'Brahman' refer to in Hindu philosophy?  a) The creator god b) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic power c) The material world d) The law of karma Answer: b) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic power 299. In Hinduism, what does the concept of ‘Moksha’ represent? a) Reincarnation b) Spiritual enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of rebirth c) The pursuit of wealth d) The duty to society Answer: b) Spiritual enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of rebirth 300. Which Hindu god is known for his multiple incarnations, including those as Rama and Krishna? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: b) Vishnu 301. What is the purpose of the 'Saptapadi' in Hindu weddings? a) The couple takes seven vows together b) The bride and groom exchange wedding rings c) The couple performs a sacred fire ritual d) The groom offers food to the bride’s family Answer: a) The couple takes seven vows together 302. What is the Hindu practice of ‘Vrata’? a) A form of meditation b) A ritual fasting or vow c) A pilgrimage to sacred sites d) A practice of chanting mantras Answer: b) A ritual fasting or vow 303. What is the primary ritual performed during the festival of Diwali? a) Lighting oil lamps (diyas) b) Offering sacrifices to the gods c) Fasting and penance d) Chanting mantras for prosperity Answer: a) Lighting oil lamps (diyas) 304. Which of the following Hindu practices is associated with the worship of the goddess Durga? a) Ganesh Chaturthi b) Durga Puja c) Holi d) Karva Chauth Answer: b) Durga Puja 305. Which Hindu practice involves the offering of water to the Sun during sunrise? a) Arti b) Surya Namaskar c) Sadhana d) Ganga Aarti Answer: b) Surya Namaskar 306. What is the term used for the sacred fire ritual performed during various Hindu ceremonies? a) Yajna b) Puja c) Homa d) Arti Answer: a) Yajna 307. What is the practice of ‘Yajna’ designed to accomplish in Hindu rituals? a) Spiritual purification  b) Material wealth c) Physical health d) Political power Answer: a) Spiritual purification 308. Which Hindu god is worshipped during the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: d) Ganesha 309. What is the main significance of ‘Maha Shivaratri’ in Hinduism? a) Celebration of the birth of Lord Vishnu b) The worship of Lord Shiva through fasting and prayers c) The beginning of the harvest season d) The day of Lord Krishna’s victory over Kamsa Answer: b) The worship of Lord Shiva through fasting and prayers 310. What is the term ‘Puja’ used for in Hindu rituals? a) A type of meditation b) A sacred fire c) A form of worship and prayer to deities d) A religious festival Answer: c) A form of worship and prayer to deities Batch 34: Hindu Culture and Society 311. What is the term ‘Samskara’ used for in Hinduism? a) The belief in reincarnation b) The sacred rites of passage c) The rituals for prosperity  d) The study of scriptures Answer: b) The sacred rites of passage 312. Which Hindu practice involves offering prayers and gifts to ancestors? a) Shraddha b) Puja c) Aarti d) Satsang Answer: a) Shraddha 313. What is the significance of the ‘Kundalini’ in spiritual practices? a) The path of selfless action b) The ultimate goal of liberation c) The dormant spiritual energy within d) The study of scriptures Answer: c) The dormant spiritual energy within 314. Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu concept of ‘Ahimsa’? a) Non-violence b) Seeking wealth c) Material success d) Political power Answer: a) Non-violence 315. Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the Hindu caste system? a) It divides society into hierarchical groups b) It determines one's social status and occupation c) It has no basis in spiritual practice d) It promotes equality among all people Answer: d) It promotes equality among all people 316. What is the primary goal of ‘Jnana Yoga’? a) Meditation for self-realization  b) Devotion to a deity c) Knowledge and wisdom for liberation d) Performing rituals for prosperity Answer: c) Knowledge and wisdom for liberation 317. What is ‘Satya’ in Hinduism? a) The cycle of reincarnation b) Truth and righteousness c) Devotion to God d) The illusion of the material world Answer: b) Truth and righteousness 318. Which of the following practices is associated with the Hindu festival of Navratri? a) Fasting and worshiping Durga b) Lighting lamps during Diwali c) Offering prayers to the Sun god d) Performing the Arti ceremony Answer: a) Fasting and worshiping Durga 319. Which of the following best describes the Hindu concept of ‘Dharma’? a) The ultimate goal of liberation b) The righteous duty and moral law c) The law of karma d) The eternal soul Answer: b) The righteous duty and moral law 320. Which Hindu god is known for his association with wisdom, music, and arts? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Saraswati Answer: d) Saraswati 321. Which of the following is the Hindu law of cause and effect? a) Karma b) Dharma c) Moksha d) Samsara Answer: a) Karma 322. What is ‘Samsara’ in Hinduism? a) The ultimate liberation b) The eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth c) The law of karma d) The supreme god Answer: b) The eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 323. Which of the following is considered one of the primary goals in Hindu life? a) Wealth (Artha) b) Devotion (Bhakti) c) Liberation (Moksha) d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 324. What does ‘Sankirtan’ refer to in Hindu traditions? a) Meditation b) Chanting the name of God in a group c) Fasting for spiritual purification d) Offering sacrifices to deities Answer: b) Chanting the name of God in a group 325. Which of the following best describes the practice of ‘Yoga’ in Hinduism? a) A series of physical exercises b) The unification of the mind, body, and spirit c) Chanting sacred mantras  d) Offering food to the gods Answer: b) The unification of the mind, body, and spirit 326. Which Hindu god is primarily associated with the concept of time and destruction? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: a) Shiva 327. What is the primary teaching of the Bhagavad Gita? a) Devotion is the only way to liberation b) Knowledge is the highest form of yoga c) Perform one's duties selflessly without attachment to outcomes d) Rejection of material possessions leads to peace Answer: c) Perform one's duties selflessly without attachment to outcomes 328. What is the term for the sacred thread ceremony in Hinduism? a) Upanayana b) Satsang c) Yajna d) Puja Answer: a) Upanayana 329. Which of the following describes the path of ‘Bhakti Yoga’? a) The path of devotion to a deity b) The path of knowledge and wisdom c) The path of selfless action d) The path of physical discipline Answer: a) The path of devotion to a deity 330. Which of the following Hindu texts contains the teachings of Lord Krishna? a) Ramayana  b) Mahabharata c) Bhagavad Gita d) Vedas Answer: c) Bhagavad Gita 331. Which Hindu scripture discusses the creation of the universe and the laws of nature? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Upanishads c) Vedas d) Ramayana Answer: c) Vedas 332. What does the term ‘Upanishad’ mean in Hinduism? a) The ultimate goal of life b) The sacred rituals c) The ancient wisdom and philosophy d) The laws of karma Answer: c) The ancient wisdom and philosophy 333. What is the ‘Bhagavata Purana’ known for? a) Describing the divine power of Lord Vishnu b) Teaching the art of meditation c) The genealogies of kings and gods d) Providing philosophical teachings on morality Answer: a) Describing the divine power of Lord Vishnu 334. Which Hindu scripture discusses the story of Lord Rama and his quest to rescue his wife Sita? a) Mahabharata b) Ramayana c) Bhagavad Gita d) Vedas Answer: b) Ramayana 335. Which of the following texts is a part of the Hindu scriptures but is focused on the philosophy of Vedanta? a) Mahabharata b) Ramayana c) Upanishads d) Puranas Answer: c) Upanishads 336. What does ‘Vedanta’ teach about the relationship between the soul and the supreme reality? a) The soul is different from the supreme reality b) The soul is identical with the supreme reality c) The soul is superior to the supreme reality d) The supreme reality does not exist Answer: b) The soul is identical with the supreme reality 337. Which Hindu text is primarily concerned with the philosophy of devotion and surrender to God? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Yoga Sutras c) Mahabharata d) Vedas Answer: a) Bhagavad Gita 338. What is the primary focus of the ‘Vedic’ hymns? a) Religious philosophy b) History of Hindu kings c) Rituals and sacrifices to gods d) The cycle of rebirth Answer: c) Rituals and sacrifices to gods 339. What is the central theme of the ‘Ramayana’? a) The creation of the universe b) The importance of moral values and duty  c) The teachings of the Vedas d) The spiritual practice of yoga Answer: b) The importance of moral values and duty Batch 38: Hindu Rituals and Practices 340. What is the Hindu ceremony known as ‘Havan’? a) The offering of food to the gods b) The sacred fire ritual performed with mantras c) The fasting ritual for purification d) The pilgrimage to holy rivers Answer: b) The sacred fire ritual performed with mantras 341. Which of the following is a sacred river in Hinduism considered to be purifying? a) Yamuna b) Ganges c) Godavari d) Saraswati Answer: b) Ganges 342. What is the ‘Saptapadi’ ritual in a Hindu wedding? a) The exchange of vows between the couple b) The lighting of the sacred fire c) The offering of gifts to the gods d) The couple taking seven steps together, symbolizing their unity Answer: d) The couple taking seven steps together, symbolizing their unity 343. What is the primary purpose of ‘Vrat’ in Hinduism? a) To achieve material wealth b) To purify the body and soul through fasting c) To serve the community d) To complete religious studies Answer: b) To purify the body and soul through fasting 344. What is ‘Karma Yoga’ in Hinduism? a) The path of selfless action b) The practice of devotion to God c) The pursuit of knowledge d) The path of physical exercise Answer: a) The path of selfless action 345. What is the Hindu practice of ‘Pranayama’? a) The study of scriptures b) The control of breath to increase life energy c) A form of meditation d) The recitation of mantras Answer: b) The control of breath to increase life energy 346. Which of the following is the term for a Hindu ceremonial offering of food to the deities? a) Yajna b) Puja c) Prasad d) Homa Answer: c) Prasad 347. What does the ‘Tilak’ symbolize in Hinduism? a) Purity and auspiciousness b) Power and political authority c) A symbol of wealth d) The cycle of life and death Answer: a) Purity and auspiciousness 348. Which deity is associated with the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi? a) Vishnu b) Ganesha c) Shiva  d) Lakshmi Answer: b) Ganesha 349. Which Hindu text provides a philosophical explanation of the universe and the soul? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Ramayana c) Upanishads d) Puranas Answer: c) Upanishads 350. What is the ultimate aim of ‘Jnana Yoga’ in Hinduism? a) To obtain material wealth b) To develop physical strength c) To gain spiritual knowledge and self-realization d) To practice devotion to God Answer: c) To gain spiritual knowledge and self-realization 351. What is the 'Arati' ceremony in Hinduism? a) The recitation of holy scriptures b) The lighting of lamps and singing of praises c) The fasting for purification d) The offering of gifts to the gods Answer: b) The lighting of lamps and singing of praises 352. In Hindu philosophy, what does 'Maya' represent? a) The concept of truth b) The cosmic illusion of the material world c) The path to liberation d) The Supreme Being Answer: b) The cosmic illusion of the material world 353. Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Purusharthas in Hinduism? a) Dharma  b) Artha c) Moksha d) Moksha Answer: d) Moksha (mentioned twice, incorrect in this context) 354. Which practice is most closely associated with achieving ‘Moksha’? a) Selfless action and devotion b) Political leadership c) Acquiring wealth d) Renunciation of the material world Answer: a) Selfless action and devotion 355. What is the Hindu concept of ‘Atman’? a) The individual soul or self b) The physical body c) The external reality d) The cycle of reincarnation Answer: a) The individual soul or self 356. Which Hindu deity is primarily associated with the power of destruction and transformation? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: b) Shiva 357. Which is the central concept of ‘Advaita Vedanta’? a) The soul is separate from the universe b) The ultimate truth is non-dual; the soul is one with the universe c) The material world is an illusion d) The universe is cyclical Answer: b) The ultimate truth is non-dual; the soul is one with the universe 358. What does the term ‘Moksha’ refer to in Hinduism?  a) Spiritual enlightenment b) The path of knowledge c) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth d) The pursuit of wealth Answer: c) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth 359. Which Hindu festival celebrates the arrival of spring and the victory of good over evil? a) Diwali b) Holi c) Navratri d) Makar Sankranti Answer: b) Holi 360. Which of the following is a key element of Hinduism's view of the soul and universe? a) The soul is eternal, and the universe is cyclical b) The soul is mortal, and the universe is static c) The universe is created and destroyed in a single moment d) The soul is purely material and finite Answer: a) The soul is eternal, and the universe is cyclical 361. What is ‘Aarti’ in Hinduism? a) A form of meditation b) A ceremony where light is offered to deities c) A form of prayer for prosperity d) The recitation of mantras Answer: b) A ceremony where light is offered to deities 362. Which is the sacred syllable often used in Hindu meditation and prayer to represent the divine sound? a) Om b) Namah c) Hare  d) Sat Answer: a) Om 363. Which of the following is the Hindu practice of bathing in a sacred river for spiritual purification? a) Shraddha b) Snana c) Karma d) Satsang Answer: b) Snana 365. What is the purpose of the ‘Shraddha’ ceremony in Hinduism? a) To purify the body b) To honor ancestors and offer them food c) To celebrate the harvest d) To mark the beginning of a new year Answer: b) To honor ancestors and offer them food 366. Which Hindu god is primarily associated with wisdom and learning? a) Ganesha b) Vishnu c) Shiva d) Brahma Answer: a) Ganesha 367. Which of the following is a major theme in the Bhagavad Gita? a) The nature of the soul and the universe b) The importance of wealth accumulation c) The victory of Rama over Ravana d) The rejection of meditation and prayer Answer: a) The nature of the soul and the universe 368. Which of the following is the purpose of ‘Sadhana’ in Hindu spiritual practice? a) To learn political science  b) To achieve spiritual goals through consistent practice c) To earn material wealth d) To control the physical world Answer: b) To achieve spiritual goals through consistent practice 369. What is ‘Brahman’ in Hinduism? a) The physical world b) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic force c) The soul of individual beings d) The deity of destruction Answer: b) The ultimate reality or supreme cosmic force 370. Which of the following Hindu practices involves reciting sacred prayers and mantras for peace and blessings? a) Yajna b) Puja c) Satsang d) Pranayama Answer: b) Puja 371. Which of the following is a core value taught in the Bhagavad Gita? a) Devotion to God and detachment from the fruits of action b) Seeking fame and fortune c) Renouncing all worldly pleasures d) Ignoring the cycle of birth and death Answer: a) Devotion to God and detachment from the fruits of action 372. What does ‘Veda’ refer to in Hinduism? a) A series of philosophical texts b) A system of belief c) A collection of hymns, prayers, and rituals d) A method of meditation Answer: c) A collection of hymns, prayers, and rituals 373. What is the term for the sacred thread worn by a Hindu male during the ‘Upanayana’ ceremony? a) Tilak b) Japa c) Yajnopavita d) Mala Answer: c) Yajnopavita 374. Which of the following is NOT a Hindu text? a) Bhagavad Gita b) Ramayana c) Bible d) Upanishads Answer: c) Bible 375. What is the focus of the ‘Yoga Sutras’ by Patanjali? a) The path of devotion b) The philosophy of the cosmos c) The practical teachings of yoga and meditation d) The stories of gods and goddesses Answer: c) The practical teachings of yoga and meditation 376. Which of the following is considered the earliest Hindu scripture? a) Upanishads b) Vedas c) Ramayana d) Mahabharata Answer: b) Vedas 377. What is ‘Karma’ in Hinduism? a) The eternal soul b) The law of actions and their consequences c) The practice of devotion to a god  d) The divine cosmic principle Answer: b) The law of actions and their consequences 378. In Hinduism, what does the term ‘Samsara’ refer to? a) The ultimate goal of life b) The material world c) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth d) The path to enlightenment Answer: c) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 379. Which of the following deities is associated with the destruction of the universe? a) Vishnu b) Brahma c) Shiva d) Ganesha Answer: c) Shiva 380. Which text is part of the Mahabharata and presents the teachings of Krishna to Arjuna? a) Ramayana b) Bhagavad Gita c) Vedas d) Upanishads Answer: b) Bhagavad Gita 381. What is the term for the Hindu festival that celebrates the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana? a) Holi b) Diwali c) Ganesh Chaturthi d) Navratri Answer: b) Diwali 382. Which of the following is a primary principle of 'Advaita Vedanta'?  a) The soul is separate from the supreme reality b) The soul and the supreme reality are one c) The supreme reality is impersonal d) Material wealth is the path to liberation Answer: b) The soul and the supreme reality are one 383. Which Hindu practice involves the offering of light to the deities during worship? a) Puja b) Havan c) Aarti d) Satsang Answer: c) Aarti 384. What is ‘Maya’ in Hinduism? a) The path to liberation b) The goddess of wealth c) The illusion of the material world d) The eternal truth Answer: c) The illusion of the material world 385. Which of the following texts is primarily concerned with philosophical discussions on the nature of the self and the universe? a) Mahabharata b) Upanishads c) Vedas d) Ramayana Answer: b) Upanishads 386. What does ‘Moksha’ represent in Hinduism? a) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth b) The pursuit of wealth c) The worship of the deities  d) Knowledge of the self Answer: a) Liberation from the cycle of rebirth 387. What is the significance of ‘Yoga’ in Hinduism? a) It is a method for acquiring wealth b) It is a practice for physical health and mental peace c) It is a tool for gaining political power d) It is a form of spiritual liberation and self-realization Answer: d) It is a form of spiritual liberation and self-realization 388. Which deity is the primary figure in the Hindu festival of Holi? a) Krishna b) Shiva c) Vishnu d) Ganesha Answer: a) Krishna 389. What is the main idea presented in the Bhagavad Gita? a) The soul is eternal and beyond birth and death b) The soul is mortal and subject to reincarnation c) The universe is created through rituals d) Material wealth is the ultimate goal of life Answer: a) The soul is eternal and beyond birth and death 390. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Hindu wedding ceremony? a) Saptapadi b) Kanyadaan c) Pujan d) Bhakti Answer: d) Bhakti 391. Which of the following is the Hindu concept of righteous living and moral duty? a) Karma b) Dharma  c) Moksha d) Samsara Answer: b) Dharma 392. What is the role of a ‘Guru’ in Hinduism? a) To provide material wealth b) To teach the path to spiritual enlightenment c) To lead political affairs d) To organize religious ceremonies Answer: b) To teach the path to spiritual enlightenment 393. Which of the following Hindu concepts emphasizes the importance of non-violence? a) Karma b) Dharma c) Ahimsa d) Bhakti Answer: c) Ahimsa 394. Which of the following Hindu texts provides a philosophical and spiritual explanation of the nature of the soul and reality? a) Ramayana b) Bhagavad Gita c) Puranas d) Yoga Sutras Answer: b) Bhagavad Gita 395. In Hinduism, what is the ultimate goal of practicing ‘Jnana Yoga’? a) Gaining knowledge for material wealth b) Achieving liberation and self-realization c) The pursuit of political power d) Attaining physical strength Answer: b) Achieving liberation and self-realization 396. Which of the following is associated with the Hindu practice of devotion to a personal deity? a) Karma Yoga b) Jnana Yoga c) Bhakti Yoga d) Raja Yoga Answer: c) Bhakti Yoga 397. Which Hindu god is considered the god of creation? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Brahma d) Ganesha Answer: c) Brahma 398. What is the meaning of the Hindu word ‘Om’? a) The soul b) The beginning and end of all things c) The name of the Supreme God d) A sacred mantra for prosperity Answer: b) The beginning and end of all things 399. Which Hindu deity is associated with the destruction of ignorance and the creation of new knowledge? a) Vishnu b) Shiva c) Ganesha d) Lakshmi Answer: c) Ganesha 400. What is the ultimate goal of life according to Hinduism? a) Wealth and prosperity b) Moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth) c) Political power  d) Fame and recognition Answer: b) Moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth) 401. Which concept in Hinduism refers to the eternal soul or self? a) Brahman b) Atman c) Karma d) Dharma Answer: b) Atman 402. Which Hindu god is primarily worshipped during the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi? a) Vishnu b) Ganesha c) Shiva d) Krishna Answer: b) Ganesha 403. Which of the following is considered one of the four main goals of life (Purusharthas) in Hinduism? a) Dharma (righteousness) b) Moksha (liberation) c) Artha (prosperity) d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 404. Which Hindu scripture is dedicated to explaining the philosophy of Vedanta? a) Vedas b) Upanishads c) Bhagavad Gita d) Ramayana Answer: b) Upanishads 405. Which Yuga is said to be the most spiritually advanced in Hindu cosmology?  a) Kali Yuga b) Dwapara Yuga c) Treta Yuga d) Satya Yuga Answer: d) Satya Yuga 406. What does the term ‘Yajna’ refer to in Hindu rituals? a) Fasting for spiritual purification b) Offering of sacrifices and offerings to deities c) Reciting the Vedas d) Visiting sacred temples Answer: b) Offering of sacrifices and offerings to deities 407. What is the meaning of the term ‘Samsara’ in Hinduism? a) The path to liberation b) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth c) The study of sacred texts d) The creation of the universe Answer: b) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth 408. Which Hindu deity is known as the god of protection and the preserver of the universe? a) Shiva b) Vishnu c) Brahma d) Indra Answer: b) Vishnu 409. Which of the following is the central theme of the Bhagavad Gita? a) Devotion to God b) Renunciation of all worldly goods c) The importance of performing one’s duty selflessly d) The destruction of evil forces Answer: c) The importance of performing one’s duty selflessly 410. What is the name of the Hindu practice that involves chanting sacred sounds or mantras? a) Yoga b) Meditation c) Japa d) Havan Answer: c) Japa 411. What is the Hindu festival that marks the beginning of the harvest season? a) Diwali b) Holi c) Makar Sankranti d) Ganesh Chaturthi Answer: c) Makar Sankranti 412. What does the festival of Diwali celebrate in Hinduism? a) The victory of Lord Krishna over Kamsa b) The return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after his exile c) The birth of Lord Ganesha d) The harvest of crops Answer: b) The return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after his exile 413. Which Hindu god is associated with the festival of Holi? a) Vishnu b) Ganesha c) Krishna d) Brahma Answer: c) Krishna 414. What is the primary focus of the Hindu festival of Navratri? a) The worship of Lord Vishnu b) The worship of Goddess Durga c) The celebration of harvest  d) The honoring of ancestors Answer: b) The worship of Goddess Durga 415. Which of the following is a key tradition during the Hindu festival of Raksha Bandhan? a) Fasting for spiritual growth b) Exchanging gifts and tying a protective thread between siblings c) Offering sacrifices to the gods d) Lighting oil lamps Answer: b) Exchanging gifts and tying a protective thread between siblings 416. What is the main purpose of fasting during the Hindu festival of Karva Chauth? a) To cleanse the body b) To celebrate the harvest c) For the well-being and long life of one’s husband d) To honor Lord Ganesha Answer: c) For the well-being and