Robotics Reviewer for 2nd Periodical Test PDF

ROBOTICS Reviewer for 2^nd^ Periodical Test - **Lesson 2: Electronic Components and their uses** **Electronic Circuit:** Simple circuit, a closed loop where charge can flow. Consists of a load, a power supply, and a switch. Basics of a Circuit: **Current:** Flow of electric charge in a circuit...

ROBOTICS Reviewer for 2^nd^ Periodical Test - **Lesson 2: Electronic Components and their uses** **Electronic Circuit:** Simple circuit, a closed loop where charge can flow. Consists of a load, a power supply, and a switch. Basics of a Circuit: **Current:** Flow of electric charge in a circuit. **Voltage:** Measure of potential energy relative between two points. This energy causes electric charges to move allowing current to flow in a circuit **Resistance:** Opposition to current to flow in a circuit. Determines the amount of current can flow in a given voltage. It is measured in Ohms, named after a German Physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm. **Resistors:** Electronic components that limit the current with some value of resistance. Resistance blocks the flow of electricity. The bigger the value of resistance the less flow of electricity and vice versa. **Schematic symbol** shows that there are **two terminals** for each end of the resistor. Resistor Color Coding: - **1^st^ Color:** 1^st^ Digit - **2^nd^ Color:** 2^nd^ Digit - **3^rd^ Color:** 3^rd^ Digit - **4^th^ Color:** Multiplier - **5^th^ Color:** Tolerance - **6^th^ Color:** Temperature Coefficient - **Lesson 3: The Basics of Arduino** **Arduino:** Open-source electronic platform, composed of programmable circuits called micro controllers. **Arduino IDE:** Integrated Development Environment. **Microcontroller:** MCU, brain of the robot. Single integrated circuit containing a processor core. Parts of Arduino Uno: 1. **Power IN (Barrel Jack):** External power, connecting either a (9V or 12V supply). Used when MCU is standing alone and not connected to a computer. 2. **Power IN (USB Port):** Used when connected to a computer. Communicates with the board when plugged into a computer via Type B USB Cable. 3. **LED (RX):** LED Blinks when data is being received 4. **LED (TX):** LED blinks when data is being Transmitted. 5. **LED (Troubleshooting):** LED turns on when data is working properly. 6. **Pins (Digital, Analog, Ground):** Can be used for Input, Output, Power and Ground. 7. **LED (ON/OFF):** Indicates if the board has power. 8. **Reset Button:** Makes your code restart. 9. **Pins (Analog In, Power In, Ground Power Out, Reset):** Can be used for Input, Output, Power and Ground. Sketches: Programs used that are written using IDE. - **Verify/Compile:** Checks the code for errors. - **Upload:** Uploads the current Sketch of the Arduino. - **New:** Creates a new blank sketch. - **Open:** Shows a list of Sketches in the Sketch book. - **Save:** Saves the current Sketch. - **Serial Monitor:** Displays a serial data being sent from the Arduino. - **Lesson 4:Using LED as a Light Source** **LED:** Light Emitting Diode, converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation, in the form of a visible light. **LED:** tiny light bulb since it produces light, LED requires a minimal amount of power to light up. Arduino Function: **digitalWrite() Function:** To write HIGH or LOW values to digital pin/s. High is set to 5V or 3.3V, LOW is set to 0V. digitalWrite(pin, value); **Pin:** Where the component/s is connected to the Arduino board. **Value:** Command to be assigned to the pi of Arduino (HIGH or LOW). **void setup:** Code that you will put up under the void setup will run only once. **void loop():** Code that you will put up under the void setup will run multiple times. - **Lesson 5: LED as Decorative Lights:** Applications of LED: **Smartphones:** Used as backlight design because they see lower output voltage saving more battery life. **TV:** Used as TV backlighting, using lower voltage saves. the household with power consumption. **Dimming Lights/Moon Lights:** Used to set the mood in the house for decorative purposes. **LED Displays:** Signages, billboards, and road signs. Arduino Function: **delay() Function:** Set the program to a certain amount of time it will run. This syntax is followed as: **delay(1000):** Code will run for 1 second)