Rizal's First Travel Abroad (PDF)

Jose Rizal’s First Travel Abroad  RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD Rizal’s departure for Spain was Rizal used his cousin’s kept secret. passport named Jose The people who knew about Mercado this were: He was accompanied by his Paciano – wh...

Jose Rizal’s First Travel Abroad  RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD Rizal’s departure for Spain was Rizal used his cousin’s kept secret. passport named Jose The people who knew about Mercado this were: He was accompanied by his Paciano – who gave him brother Paciano and brother 700 pesos and promised a monthly allowance of 35 in law Manuel Hidalgo to pesos Manila Uncle Antonio Rivera – who He visited the Jesuits in encouraged him to seek his Ateneo luck abroad He bade farewell to the Saturnina – his sister who Valenzuela family gave her diamond ring He failed to say goodbye to Leonor  THE VOYAGE May 3, 1882 – Rizal boarded the Salvadora. His friend Chenggoy was the one who see him off. He took a last glance of Manila.  THE VOYAGE May 8, 1882 – the SINGAPORE steamship reached Singapore. Rizal was impressed by the progress and beauty of this English colony He stayed at Hotel de Paz Transferred to the French steamer Djemnah bound for E  THE VOYAGE May 15, 1882 – the steamer reached Point de Galle, Ceylon. Ceylon  THE VOYAGE May 18, 1882 PM – the ship reached Colombo, Ceylon. He observed the backwardness of the city: sleepy and without much progress. From here, the ship crossed the Indian Ocean.  THE VOYAGE The ship crossed the Indian Ocean towards Cape Guardafui in Somalia, Africa. The steamer encountered a stormy weather  THE VOYAGE The ship reached Aden, a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea. Rizal felt the terrible heat of the Arabian Desert.  THE VOYAGE June 2, 1882 – the steamer reached the Suez Canal, the terminal of the Red Sea. Rizal was reminded of the beautiful sights of Calamba, Laguna during the night.  THE VOYAGE de Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, (19 November 1805 – 7 December 1894) was the French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas in 1869, and substantially reduced sailing distances and times between the West and the East.  THE VOYAGE At Port Said, the Mediterranean Sea terminal, Rizal disembarked to visit some tourist spots. Port Said is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010). The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal. Port Said  THE VOYAGE June 11, 1882 – Rizal City of Naples reached the city of Naples on Italy. Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mou nt Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples.  THE VOYAGE June 12, 1882 – the steamer docked at the French harbor Marseilles. He visited the famous city landmark Chateau Marseilles d’ If where Dantes , the hero of the “Count of Monte Cristo” was imprisoned. Chateau d’ If  IN BARCELONA, SPAIN From Marseilles, Rizal took a train to Barcelona, the 2ⁿᵈ largest Spanish city in the province of Cataluña, which he thought was ugly, dirty and the people inhospitable. Barcelona, Spain  IN BARCELONA, SPAIN Later, he loved the city’s free atmosphere and liberalism. The people were open-hearted, warm and brave. He was warmly welcomed by his paisanos, countrymen, at the Plaza Cataluña.  ARTICLES WRITTEN ABROAD Rizal was asked to Francisco Calvo, the contribute an article to editor praised Rizal, the Diariong Tagalog by and asked him to Basilio Teodoro Moran, contribute more. an editorial staffer. Rizal wrote another He wrote an essay article, “Los Viajes.” entitled “Amor Patrio” His last article “Revista using “Laong Laan” as de Madrid” was not his pen name. published because the The newspaper was newspaper ceased founded by Marcelo H. publication. del Pilar in Manila.  SAD NEWS FROM HOME An epidemic broke out Cholera is an infectious in the Philippines disease that can cause A cholera had killed severe diarrhea, many lives of Filipinos dehydration, and death. Cholera is an infection of Leonor was very much the small intestine that is depressed because of caused by his departure the bacterium Vibrio Paciano advised him to cholerae. take his studies Rizal left Barcelona and seriously. established himself in Madrid.  RIZAL’S LIFE: MADRID STUDIES AND THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT  A STUDENT OF MADRID November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid He enrolled Medicine and Philosophy and Letters Universidad Central de Madrid  A STUDENT OF MADRID He also studied He lived frugally painting and sculpture and managed his Took language time wisely lessons in French, He occasionally German, and English at the Academy of San drank when he was Carlos in the company of Honed his fencing and his friends shooting skills at the He sparingly bet on Hall of Arms Sanz y the lottery Carbonell  “TORN BETWEEN TWO LOVERS” Rizal was welcomed in He did not pursue his the house of Don Pablo love for Consuelo Ortiga y Rey, a former because he still civil governor in Manila Don Pablo has a Filipina loved Leonor and he wife and two daughters: was planning to Pilar and Consuelo. leave Madrid after It was Consuelo who his studies. awakened the heart of Consuelo chose Rizal to love anew Eduardo de Lete over Rizal. B. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Between 1872 and 1892, a national consciousness was growing among the Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe. In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these émigrés--liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending European universities-- formed the Propaganda Movement. B. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Organized for literary and cultural purposes more than for political ends, the Propagandists, who included upper- class Filipinos from all the lowland Christian areas, strove to "awaken the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country" and to create a closer, more equal association of the islands and the motherland. B. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Among their specific goals were: representation of the Philippines in the Cortes, or Spanish parliament; secularization of the clergy; legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; creation of a public school system independent of the friars; B. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the government); guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association; and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.  JOSE RIZAL, THE PROPAGANDIST In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal, joined the Circulo-Hispano-Filipina. This circle was composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who believed that reforms be introduced in the Philippines. Its founder was Juan Atayde. Upon the request of the members of the society, he wrote a poem entitled Mi Piden Versos (They Asked Me For Verses). His love for books encouraged him to economize his living expenses and soon, with great diligence, he was able to build a fair-sized private library, consisting mostly of second- hand books bought from a bookstore owned by a certain Señor Roses. His collections of numerous books were on medicine, philosophy, languages, geography and the arts among others. Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew. These books aroused his sympathy for his oppressed people. His love for books encouraged him to economize his living expenses and soon, with great diligence, he was able to build a fair-sized private library, consisting mostly of second-hand books bought from a bookstore owned by a certain Señor Roses. His collections of numerous books were on medicine, philosophy, languages, geography and the arts among others. Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew. These books aroused his sympathy for his oppressed people.  OTHER IMPORTANT PROPAGANDISTS Graciano Lopez Jaena, a noted orator and pamphleteer who had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after the publication of his satirical short novel, Fray Botod (Brother Fatso), an unflattering portrait of a provincial friar.  Dr.Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian geographer and ethnologist whom Rizal had met in Germany; Marcelo del Pilar, a reform- minded lawyer. Del Pilar was active in the anti- friar movement in the islands until obliged to flee to Spain in 1888, where he became editor of La Solidaridad and assumed leadership of the Filipino community in Spain.  JOINING THE MASONS In 1883, Rizal joined the Masons, a group of liberal and republican thinkers. He was impressed by their attacks on the government. He joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid He used Dimasalang as his Masonic name. ACACIA LODGE  MORE BAD NEWS FROM HOME Philippine situation Juan Luna’s “Spoliarium” turned from bad to won the gold in the worse National Exposition of Harvest was down Fine Arts in Madrid Rent was raised Felix Hidalgo’s Christian exorbitantly by the Virgins Exposed to the Dominican Estate Populace” garnered the His regular allowance silver. was decreased Rizal paid tribute to the two  A DOCTOR & PHILOSOPHER June, 21, 1884 – Rizal He did not pay the completed his studies graduation fees in Medicine He was not awarded his From 1884-1885, he doctor’s diploma studied and passed all He also finished the degree Philosophy and the subjects leading to Letters the degree of Doctor On his 24ᵗʰ birthday, he of Medicine was awarded the Did not passed the diploma thesis required for His rating was excellent graduation  RIZAL’S PARISIAN LIFE & Tour of Europe  ON RIZAL’S WAY TO PARIS… After graduation, Rizal prepared for a journey to Paris He dropped by Barcelona to see his friend Maximo Viola He was introduced to Señor Maximo Viola Eusebio Corominas, editor Eusebio Corominas of La Publicidad Corominas introduced him to the owner Don Miguel Morayta He submitted the article Carolines Questions for Don Miguel publication Morayta  RIZAL’S LIFE IN PARIS, FRANCE In Paris, he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Dr. Louis de Wecker Wecker, a French French ophthalmologist Ophthalmologist He also visited the Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Paz and Felix) He visited the studio of Juan Luna and posed as an Egyptian priest in the painting “Death of Cleopatra.” Trinidad Pardo Juan Luna posed as De Tavera “Cleopatra” himself Juan Luna  RIZAL IN GERMANY… On February 8, 1886, he left Paris due to the high cost of living there He proceeded to Germany. In Heidelberg, the historic German city famous for its old university and other medieval structures, he stayed in a boarding house. Later, he transferred to the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Lutheran minister. They had discussions about the merits of religion  HEIDELBERG HONORS RIZAL… Heidelberg built a museum in Rizal’s honor where a life-size statue of Rizal stood in the middle of a garden beside the small pond. Life-size Statue of Rizal Rev. Ullmer’s Garden and Fountain  Rizal as Assistant Ophthalmologist Here in Heidelberg, Rizal worked as an assistant ophthalmologist in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowski. He also took lessons in medicine at the University under the instruction of Dr. Dr. Javier Galezowski Dr. Otto Becker Otto Becker. RIZAL’S POEM ABOUT FLOWERS As an admiration to the scenic beauty of the countryside, Rizal wrote a poem “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” His favorite flower was the bluish “forget-me-not” He loved to stroll beside the Neckar River “Forget-Me-Not”  CORRESPONDENCE WITH PROF. BLUMENTRITT… July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote a letter to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo de Leitmeritz in Austria. Rizal gave him a book entitled “Arithmetica” by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez Blumentritt gave him a set of books in return This was the start of a lasting friendship between Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt the two. Director, Ateneo de Leitmeritz in Austria  500ᵗʰ YEAR OF HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY On August 6, 1886, Rizal witnessed the grand Quincentennial Anniversary celebration of the University of Heidelberg  RIZAL IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY… He left Heidelberg and went to Leipzig, Germany. He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a German historian and psychologist at the University of Leipzig. Also attended lectures at the university. He translated “William Tell” and the Tales of Prof. Friedrich Ratzel Christian Andersen into German Historian/Psychologist Tagalog  Leipzig University RIZAL MEETS GREAT PERSONALITIES… In Dresden, Rizal met Dr. Adolf B. Meyer, director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum. Dr. Adolf B. Meyer Director, Anthropological and Ethnological Museum  Dresden Anthropological Museum  BERLIN, GERMANY Rizal was amazed with the scientific atmosphere of Berlin, the capital of Germany He also noticed the absence of racial prejudice there.  RIZAL’S FAVORITE WRITER He met for the first time his favorite writer/scientist Dr. Feodor Jagor, author of the “Travels in the Philippines” Rizal was introduced to Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a famous German anthropologist and his Dr. Feodor Jagor son Dr. Hans Virchow, Author of the “Travels in the Philippines” professor of Anatomy.  WORKS UNDER GERMAN OPHTHALMOLOGIST He also worked at the clinic of Dr. R. Schulzer, a German ophthalmologist. Dr. Virchow invited him to give a lecture on the Tagalog language Rizal wrote a scholarly paper entitled “Tagalische Verskunst” which he lectured to the anthropological society Dr. Rudolf Virchow Dr. Hans Virchow MISSIONS IN BERLIN, GERMANY Reasons for staying in Berlin: 1. To finish writing and later publish his first novel “Noli Me Tangere” 2. To promote the existence of the Filipinos and to share their political conditions to the Germans. 3. To expose the plight of the Filipinos under Spanish rule and their desire for independence  … A SPARTAN-LIKE LIFE… He kept himself Financially, his physically fit by allowance had not frequenting the Berlin arrived from Calamba. Gymnasium He had to pawn his He took private sister’s diamond ring lessons in French and sold some of his under Madame Lucie books to have money Gerdolle His diet, he ate bread Rizal suffered and vegetable soup physical, social and only once a day. financial pains here in Berlin TRYING TIMES IN GERMANY Physically, his body began to break down due to malnourishment. He thought he had TB because of constant coughing He felt no one at this point could help him. RIZAL’S SKETCH OF HIMSELF IN BERLIN, GERMANY DURING DESPERATE MOMENTS In his desperation, Rizal threw the manuscript of the Noli Me Tangere into the fireplace. But retrieved it right away upon coming to his senses. In his suffering of cold and hunger, he felt discouraged and desperate.  An “Angel” Arrived In the midst of his agonizing moment an “angel” arrived. His friend Maximo Viola arrived. He paid all his financial obligations and needs He also financed Maximo Viola the initial printing A True Friend, an “Angel”, a “Savior” of the Noli  …RIZAL’S “SAVIOR” Truly, Viola was Rizal’s “savior!” Viola came to fulfill his promise that he and Rizal would tour Europe Before they proceeded on the tour, Rizal had the novel be printed first RIZAL’S ALLOWANCE ARRIVES After the Noli came off the press, the two embarked for the tour. Before the tour, Rizal received his long-delayed allowance of P1,000 from his brother Paciano through Juan Luna from Paris. Rizal paid Viola immediately. The rest, he spent for the tour expenses. RIZAL & VIOLA TOUR EUROPE THE TOUR ITINERARY: POTSDAM A city near Berlin made famous by Frederick the Great Palace of Frederick the Great DRESDEN, GERMANY Rizal visited Dr. A. B. Meyer at the Dresden Art Museum. He also met Dr. Feodor Jagor. Teschen, East Germany TESCHEN Rizal wired Dr. Blumentritt to inform of his visit to Leitmeritz  LEITMERITZ, AUSTRIA In Leitmeritz, they were Rizal met the picked up by Blumentritt and burgomaster or town brought to his home. The two were introduced mayor who was to Blumentritt’s wife impressed by Rizal’s Rosa and their children facility in learning the Dorita, Conrad and Fritz German language in The two were brought to just 11 months Hotel Krebs for The two attended the accommodation They were treated with Tourists Club of the famous beer hausen Leitmeritz where They also tasted the Blumentritt was the Bohemian beer, the best Secretary beer in Europe SCIENTISTS INTERESTED IN FILIPINO CULTURE They met a few scientists who were interested about the Filipino life and culture Dr. Czepelak Prof. Klutschak  PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA In Prague, a historic city of Czech Republic, Rizal and Viola proceeded to the University of Prague. There they met Dr. Wilkomm, a natural history professor.  TOURIST SPOTS IN PRAGUE They were toured to some sights in Prague a. Tomb of Copernicus b. Museum of Natural History c. Cave of San Juan Nepomuceno, Catholic martyr  VIENNA, AUSTRIA Vienna: capital of Austria-Hungary Also called the “Queen of the Danube” They stayed at the Hotel Metropole Met Norfenfals, a famous Austrian NOTE: The river novelist cruise The two cruised the ended in Lintz, Danube River Austria  OTHER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN EUROPE NOTE: Salzburg is the start of land travel **************** Munich is called the “City of Beers” because beer was found anytime and anywhere in the entire city. Munich, Germany NUREMBURG, GERMANY Nuremburg was the site of the infamous Catholic Holy Inquisition for Catholic heretics.  ULM, GERMANY Ulm is a German city famous for its largest and tallest cathedral in the country  RHEINFALL, GERMANY RHEINFALL is the last German stop. It is also famous for its waterfalls.  TOUR OF SWITZERLAND In Schaffhausen, they Lausanne, Switzerland stayed there for two days In Basel and Bern, nothing significant took place there Lausanne is the Swiss winter capital. GENEVA, SWITZERLAND Geneva: one of the most beautiful cities of Europe Rizal celebrated his 26ᵗʰ birthday here They stayed here for 15 days The two parted ways; Viola had to return to Barcelona; Rizal would continue his tour alone Rizal would continue his trip south to Italy  RIZAL TOURS ITALY Rizal visited the Venice, Italy cities of Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence, birthplaces of the Renaissance, the period of revival of classical Greek and Roman cultures. Turin, Italy Milan, Italy ROME: THE “ETERNAL CITY” Rome is the capital city of Italy. It is also called the “City of the Caesars.”  VATICAN CITY: THE “HOLY SEE” Vatican City is the capital of the Roman Catholic Church. It is also called the “City of Popes.”  TO BE CONTINUED.... 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