Rizal Midterm Notes PDF

**Reason why Rizal failed to see Leonor Rivera** Rizal failed to see Leonor Rivera because of a combination of circumstances, including his commitment to his studies in Europe and the pressure from his family to focus on his education and future. Additionally, Rivera\'s mother disapproved of their...

**Reason why Rizal failed to see Leonor Rivera** Rizal failed to see Leonor Rivera because of a combination of circumstances, including his commitment to his studies in Europe and the pressure from his family to focus on his education and future. Additionally, Rivera\'s mother disapproved of their relationship, and the communication between them became strained due to distance. **Rizal's reasons for coming back home** Rizal returned to the Philippines primarily to contribute to the reform movement, raise awareness about the conditions of Filipinos under Spanish rule, and promote his ideas of education, nationalism, and social change through his writings and activism. **Rizal's impressions of the United States** Rizal viewed the United States as a country of freedom and democracy, appreciating its modernity and the opportunities it offered. He admired the American people's civic engagement and the advancements in various fields, but he was also critical of issues like racism and inequality, particularly towards African Americans and Filipinos. **Rizal's objective for going to London** Rizal went to London to study British literature and to research more about the Philippines. He aimed to improve his knowledge and gather material for his writings, particularly for the second part of his novel, \"El Filibusterismo,\" while also working on the annotations of Antonio de Morga\'s book on the Philippines. **Noli Me Tangere as controversial** \"Noli Me Tangere\" is considered controversial because it criticized the Spanish colonial government and the Catholic Church in the Philippines, exposing the injustices and corruption prevalent in society. Its bold themes and portrayal of social issues provoked backlash from authorities and led to censorship. **Permanent Commission on Censorship** The Permanent Commission on Censorship was established by the Spanish colonial government to monitor and control the publication of materials deemed subversive or critical of the colonial regime. This included books, newspapers, and other forms of communication that could incite dissent among the populace. **Reasons why Rizal did not get off the ship on his way to Hong Kong** Rizal did not disembark in Hong Kong upon his initial arrival because he was being closely monitored by Spanish authorities, and he feared that his presence would attract unwanted attention. He chose to continue to avoid any potential complications with the colonial government. **Rizal's observations in Hong Kong** In Hong Kong, Rizal noted the contrast between the city's colonial structure and its growing Chinese population. He observed the economic activities, the cultural diversity, and the social conditions of both the European settlers and the Chinese residents, gaining insights into colonialism and its effects. **Rizal's observations and life in Japan** Rizal admired Japan for its modernization, cultural richness, and discipline. He noted the contrast with the Philippines, where he saw a lack of progress. He also formed friendships and romantic interests during his stay, notably with Seiko Usui, who left a significant impression on him. **Reason why Rizal was offered accommodation at the Spanish Legation** Rizal was offered accommodation at the Spanish Legation in Hong Kong as a gesture of goodwill and as a means to keep him under surveillance. The authorities wanted to maintain a close watch on his activities and prevent him from mobilizing Filipinos against the colonial government. **Rizal aboard the ship Belgic** On the ship Belgic, Rizal interacted with fellow passengers and engaged in discussions about politics, society, and his experiences as a reformist. This journey marked a significant moment in his travels and connections with like-minded individuals. **Rizal on the steamer City of Rome** While on the steamer City of Rome, Rizal continued his observations of various cultures and the people he encountered. This voyage contributed to his understanding of the broader socio-political landscape and reinforced his commitment to advocating for reform. **Conflict between Calamba farmers and the Dominican friars** The conflict arose from the Dominican friars' ownership of lands that the Calamba farmers worked on, leading to disputes over tenancy, rental rates, and land rights. The situation highlighted the tensions between the local populace and the colonial elite, exacerbated by issues of social injustice and economic exploitation. **To the Malolos Women** \"To the Malolos Women\" is a letter written by Rizal praising the women of Malolos for their courage in fighting for their right to education. It encourages them to continue their advocacy for women\'s rights and education, reflecting Rizal\'s progressive views on gender equality. **El Filibusterismo** \"El Filibusterismo\" is Rizal's second novel, serving as a sequel to \"Noli Me Tangere.\" It is darker in tone and more focused on revolutionary ideas, depicting the struggles of Filipinos against colonial oppression and advocating for social reform through radical means. **Kidlat Club** The Kidlat Club was a group founded by Rizal and his friends in London, aimed at promoting Philippine interests and fostering a sense of nationalism among Filipinos. The club encouraged discussions on reform, literature, and the advancement of the Filipino people. **Winner/s at International Art Competition** Rizal won a gold medal for his sculpture \"El Espiritu de la Patria\" (The Spirit of the Fatherland) at an international art competition in 1887 in Spain, showcasing his talent and promoting Filipino artistry on the world stage. **Rizal's observations and life in Belgium** In Belgium, Rizal was engaged in literary work, including the writing and revision of his novels. He observed the cultural life of the country and participated in discussions about nationalism and reforms, enriching his understanding of European politics. **Rizal's frustrations and sad experiences in Madrid** Rizal faced challenges in Madrid, including financial difficulties, homesickness, and the pressure of academic expectations. He experienced isolation due to cultural differences and the disapproval of some Spanish authorities, leading to feelings of frustration. **Manuel Hidalgo** Manuel Hidalgo was a Filipino reformist and a contemporary of Rizal who advocated for the rights of Filipinos under Spanish rule. He played a significant role in promoting education and civil rights. **Antonio Ma. Panganiban** Antonio Ma. Panganiban was a prominent Filipino scholar and advocate for reforms in the Philippines, known for his contributions to Filipino literature and nationalism, and his connections with Rizal and other reformists. **Rizal's written articles for La Solidaridad** Rizal contributed numerous articles to \"La Solidaridad,\" the newspaper advocating for Philippine reform. His writings addressed issues like social injustice, colonial oppression, and the need for political and educational reforms, influencing the reform movement. **Rizal's observations and life in Hong Kong** In Hong Kong, Rizal experienced a vibrant multicultural environment and noted the differences in governance and civil liberties compared to the Philippines. He actively engaged with the local Filipino community and worked on his literary projects. **Aims to establish a Filipino community in Sabah** Rizal aimed to establish a Filipino community in Sabah as a means of promoting Filipino nationalism and providing a safe haven for Filipinos facing oppression in the Philippines. This initiative was part of his broader vision of national identity and unity. **Rizal about his death** Rizal expressed a sense of resignation about his death, recognizing it as a potential sacrifice for the cause of Philippine independence. He viewed his execution as a means to inspire future generations to continue the fight for freedom and justice. **Elected officers of La Liga Filipina** The elected officers of La Liga Filipina included Rizal as the president, with prominent members like Andres Bonifacio and other reformists who aimed to unify Filipinos and promote social and political reforms. **Monthly due of members in La Liga Filipina** Members of La Liga Filipina were required to pay a monthly due of two pesos to support the organization's activities and initiatives aimed at promoting reforms and educating the public about their rights. **Rizal in Dapitan** Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, where he engaged in various activities, including teaching, farming, and community development. His time in Dapitan was marked by reflection and a commitment to social reform, despite his confinement. **Fr. Pablo Pastell, Jose Villaclara, and Fr. Vicente Balaguer** These individuals were notable priests who interacted with Rizal during his exile. They represented the duality of religious influence in Rizal\'s life---both as adversaries and as individuals who offered counsel and support during his imprisonment. **Recommendations of the judge during the preliminary investigation on Rizal** The judge recommended that Rizal be held for further investigation due to the implications of his writings and associations with revolutionary movements. This was a reflection of the colonial government\'s efforts to suppress dissent. **The Manifesto** The Manifesto was a declaration issued by Rizal expressing his views on the need for reforms in the Philippines and condemning violence as a means of achieving change. It emphasized the importance of education and peaceful advocacy. **Punishment for the crime of illegal association during Rizal's time** During Rizal's time, the punishment for illegal association could include imprisonment or exile, especially for groups perceived as threatening to colonial authority. The Spanish government was particularly harsh on organizations advocating for reform or independence. **Rizal on his execution day** On his execution day, Rizal maintained a calm demeanor and expressed a sense of peace about his fate. He used the opportunity to reflect on his life, his love for the Philippines, and his hopes for the future of the nation. **Laong Laan** Laong Laan was a pen name used by Rizal in his writings, particularly in his poems and essays. It signifies his dedication to the cause of reform and his commitment to education and enlightenment. **Responsible** In the context of Rizal\'s life, \"responsible\" reflects his commitment to advocating for social justice and the need for Filipinos to take responsibility for their own future. It underscores his belief in the importance of active citizenship and national identity. **Seiko Usui** Seiko Usui was a Japanese woman who became an important figure in Rizal\'s life during his stay in Japan. She was a source of companionship and inspiration, and their relationship highlighted Rizal's appreciation for Japanese culture. **Maria Basa** Maria Basa was a close friend of Rizal and a supporter of his reformist ideas. She provided encouragement during his studies abroad and played a role in the Filipino expatriate community. **Valentin Ventura** Valentin Ventura was a Filipino friend of Rizal who provided financial support and encouragement for his literary pursuits. He played a significant role in helping Rizal publish \"Noli Me Tangere.\" **Motto of the Liga Filipina** The motto of La Liga Filipina was \"Unus Instar Omnium,\" meaning \"One is as good as all.\" This reflected the organization\'s aim for unity among Filipinos in their pursuit of social and political reforms. **Nelly Boustead** Nelly Boustead was a Filipino woman whom Rizal courted during his stay in London. Their relationship was characterized by mutual admiration, but it ultimately did not lead to marriage. **Annotation of Morga's book** Rizal\'s annotation of Antonio de Morga\'s \"Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas\" was a critical examination of the history of the Philippines. Through this work, Rizal aimed to highlight the contributions of Filipinos and challenge the colonial narrative. **Wenceslao Retana** Wenceslao Retana was a Spanish historian and writer known for his works on the Philippines. He was both a critic and admirer of Rizal, and his writings contributed to the discourse on Philippine history and identity. **La Liga Filipina** La Liga Filipina was a progressive organization founded by Rizal in 1892 aimed at uniting Filipinos to work towards social reforms and promote nationalism. It sought to educate the populace and advocate for civil rights. **Pobres Frailes** \"Pobres Frailes\" (\"Poor Friars\") is a satirical work by Rizal that criticized the abuses and corruption of Spanish friars in the Philippines. It highlighted the injustices faced by Filipinos under the colonial clergy. **Gertrude Beckett** Gertrude Beckett was a British woman with whom Rizal had a brief romantic relationship during his time in London. She was one of the many women who influenced his personal life during his years abroad. **Indios Bravos** \"Indios Bravos\" was a term used to describe Filipinos who exhibited bravery and resilience in the face of colonial oppression. Rizal and other reformists embraced this term as a way to foster pride in Filipino identity. **Jose Sainz de Varanda** Jose Sainz de Varanda was a Spanish official who had interactions with Rizal during his exile. He represented the colonial authority but also engaged with Rizal on matters of reform and governance. **Fray Rodriguez's attack on his Noli Me Tangere** Fray Rodriguez was a Spanish friar who criticized Rizal\'s \"Noli Me Tangere\" for its portrayal of the Church and its clergy. His attacks highlighted the contentious nature of Rizal\'s writings and the tension between reformists and colonial authorities. **Filipino Gamblers** This term refers to the gambling culture that existed in the Philippines during Rizal\'s time. Rizal criticized gambling for its negative impact on society and its tendency to distract Filipinos from more productive pursuits. **Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor** Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor was a lawyer and a contemporary of Rizal, known for his involvement in the reform movement. He contributed to the cause of Filipino nationalism and worked alongside Rizal in advocating for reforms. **Problems of the Calamba farmers** The farmers of Calamba faced numerous problems, including disputes over land tenure, high rental rates imposed by the Dominican friars, and exploitation. Their struggles were emblematic of the broader issues of social injustice and economic inequality in the Philippines. **Steamer Espana** The steamer Espana was a vessel that played a role in transporting Rizal and other Filipinos during their travels. It was part of the maritime infrastructure that connected the Philippines to other countries. **Steamer Isla de Panay** The Isla de Panay was another vessel used during Rizal\'s time, facilitating travel for individuals and goods between the Philippines and abroad. **Steamer Cebu** The Cebu was a steamer that connected various ports, including those in the Philippines. It was part of the growing maritime trade network during the Spanish colonial period. **Ghent in Belgium** Ghent is a city in Belgium where Rizal lived for a time while working on his writings. He appreciated the city\'s cultural and historical significance and utilized it as a base for his literary activities. **Rizal and Leonor Rivera's 11-year relationship** Rizal and Leonor Rivera had a long-distance relationship that lasted for 11 years. They exchanged letters and maintained their affection despite familial disapproval and the challenges posed by Rizal\'s education and activism. **Josephine Bracken** Josephine Bracken was Rizal\'s common-law wife and companion during his later years. She was a significant figure in his life, providing emotional support and sharing in his aspirations for the Philippines. **Mi Ultimo Adios** \"Mi Ultimo Adios\" (\"My Last Farewell\") is Rizal\'s famous poem written shortly before his execution. It expresses his love for the Philippines and his hope for freedom, reflecting his deep commitment to his country. **Gov. Gen. Weyler** Governor-General Valeriano Weyler was known for his harsh policies and repression of the Filipino population. His administration was marked by brutality and a crackdown on dissent, contributing to the growing revolutionary sentiment. **Gov. Gen. Despujol** Governor-General Emilio Despujol was in office during a time of unrest in the Philippines. His administration faced challenges from reformists and nationalists, and his policies reflected the tensions of the era. **Gov. Gen. Blanco** Governor-General Ramón Blanco was known for his attempts at reform and moderation in response to rising nationalist sentiments. His tenure was marked by efforts to address some grievances of the Filipino population. **Gov. Gen. Polavieja** Governor-General Diego Silang Polavieja was responsible for Rizal\'s execution. His administration was characterized by strict enforcement of colonial rule and suppression of revolutionary activities. **Luis Taviel De Andrade** Luis Taviel de Andrade was Rizal\'s defense counsel during his trial. He was a Spanish lawyer who advocated for Rizal\'s cause and argued against the charges brought against him by the colonial government. **Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco Olive** Colonel Francisco Olive served as a judge advocate during Rizal\'s trial, overseeing the legal proceedings against him. He was part of the military tribunal that ultimately sentenced Rizal to death. **Judge Advocate Capt. Rafael Dominguez** Captain Rafael Dominguez was another judge advocate involved in Rizal\'s trial, contributing to the proceedings that led to Rizal\'s execution. He played a role in the military tribunal. **Judge Advocate General Don Nicolas De la Pena** Don Nicolas de la Peña served as the judge advocate general during Rizal\'s trial. He was responsible for overseeing the legal framework and decisions regarding Rizal\'s case within the military justice system. **Philippines** - **Dr. Uleman**: Rizal was referred to as Dr. Uleman. - **La Liga Filipina**: He conceptualized and established the La Liga Filipina, a civic organization aimed at promoting social reform and unity among Filipinos. - **Gymnasium**: Rizal set up a gymnasium for the youth to promote physical fitness and well-being. - **Borneo Colonization Project**: He met with the governor-general to discuss the project. **Hong Kong** - **Mother\'s Eye Operation**: Rizal performed an operation on his mother's eye. - **Arrest for Leaflets**: He was arrested due to the distribution of leaflets titled \"Pobres Frailes\" (Poor Friars). - **New Year Celebration**: The New Year celebration was noted to be noisy. - **Extravagant Cemetery**: The Catholic cemetery was described as extravagant. - **Christmas with Family**: Rizal celebrated Christmas with his family. **London** - **Borneo Colonization Project**: He planned the Borneo Colonization Project while in London. - **Research**: Rizal conducted research at the British Museum. - **News from Home**: He received both good and bad news from home. **USA** - **Quarantine**: Rizal faced quarantine upon arrival in the United States. - **Opportunities for Migrants**: The USA was considered a land of opportunities, particularly for migrants. **Paris** - **Universal Exposition**: Rizal experienced the Universal Exposition. - **Indios Bravos**: He formed a group called Indios Bravos, which was aimed at fostering pride among Filipinos. **Japan** - **Rickshaw Dislike**: Rizal expressed his dislike for the rickshaw as a mode of transportation. **Madrid** - **Letter to Women of Malolos**: He wrote a significant letter to the women of Malolos, advocating for women\'s rights and education. - **Leonor Rivera**: Rizal learned about the infidelity of his beloved, Leonor Rivera. - **Duel with Luna**: He engaged in a duel with Antonio Luna. - **Aborted Duel with Retana**: Rizal had an aborted duel with Wenceslao Retana. **Belgium** - **Gertrude Beckett**: Rizal met Gertrude Beckett during his time in Belgium. - **Cost of Living**: He decided to visit Belgium because the cost of living was cheaper than in Paris. **CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER** - Rizal together with other passengers was quarantined. Jose Sainz de Varanda was tasked to spy on Rizal. Rizal was invited to Malacanang to answer questions regarding the Noli Me Tangere. He made a draft report regarding the problems of the Calamba farmers. - Rizal's first experience of white Christmas. He received the news on Fray Rodriguez's attack on his Noli Me Tangere. He stayed as a guest at the house of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor. He received the news that the Filipinos in Madrid were gambling too much. - Rizal went to Malacanang for a series of interviews with the Governor General. He was arrested and escorted to Fort Santiago. He was brought to Dapitan then he boarded the steamer Espana bound to Manila. - Rizal arrived in Hongkong and was reunited with his family. Rizal and Leonor Rivera\'s 11-year relationship ended. He resigned as a contributor for the La Solidaridad and he went to Ghent in Belgium for the printing of his novel El Filibusterismo. - Josephine Bracken arrived together with Rizal's sisters and bade him farewell. Teodora Alonzo visited Rizal in his death cell. Jose Villaclara and Fr. Vicente Balaguer visited Rizal and discussed with him his retraction letter. Then, Rizal moved to the prison chapel, where he spent his last moments. **ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:** - *Rizal did voluntarily leave for the second time, and his first destination was indeed Hong Kong.* - *Rizal admired Japan but disliked the rickshaw. His feelings for Leonor Rivera influenced his decision regarding O-Sei-San.* - *Rizal did publish the article before leaving London, but it was not his last article in La Solidaridad; that distinction belongs to other works.* - *Rizal went to Madrid for justice, but his family did not leave voluntarily; they were forced to leave due to persecution.* - *Rizal\'s duel with Luna was due to personal disagreements, and he had an aborted duel with Retana for different reasons, primarily related to public insults involving his family.* - *Both the Borneo Colonization project and La Liga Filipina were indeed conceptualized while Rizal was in the Philippines.* - *Rizal returned to establish La Liga Filipina and to seek support for his Borneo Colonization project.* - *Documents linking Rizal to the KKK did contribute to the Spanish authorities\' suspicions about his involvement.* - *During Rizal trial, he did not meet witnesses face-to-face, but he was indeed tried in a military court.* - *The court\'s decision was unanimous, and Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park) on that date.*