Cardio Revise PDF

Cardio Revise ↑ of stage Despiration - Mechanical process : Air in and out - Exchange...

Cardio Revise ↑ of stage Despiration - Mechanical process : Air in and out - Exchange of CO2 and O2 in Alverli and Blood of 12/02 cell and Blood Exchange in - - - ~Po in luny/Aveoli Pa in Pleural Ol-ve > - carity : Alway Transpulmonary Diffrence Par and Ppl · in pressure : Airway Bypass "Many volume (rexpand collasped Ar+ help sputum removes - Alternative to airway bypass blockage Pulmonaryaufacant (mixture of purspholipid/apoprotein - ↓ surface tension Aherior Ventilation Amount of min ventilation that reaching respiratory zone - can be used for gas exchange NonDependent Ventilation Perfusion # A Y Higher compliance/more aveoli Better ventilation - More Blood flow to the base Dependent ↳ Higher Perfusion  For expiration > - equal pressure print D - Dynamiccompression of in is Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction - Minimize VIQ mismatch O O Good > Monitor - spoz Anatomical deadspace Physiological Deadspace Aviat. Deadspace > - Alveolar Deadspace St. George Respiratio Qus. (SGRQ) Chronic Respiratory Qus /CRQ). COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Ascultation Normal vital Sign Physical Examination (OEC 1. Observe. 3 Auscultation - Breathing pattern 4 effort. Cough -Chest shape Effective - - Produce of sputum ! 2. pelpote  Contraindication spirometry · Maximal air inspire & expire with Max effort · Pain · eye/abdominal surgery Elastic resistance of Recent haemorrhage luny · · S · Pneumothorax · Air way resistance · Acute disorder (vomit fever) * Normal FEV, /FUL >. 0. 8 Expiration I I - FVL [Inspiration TLL  Obstructive luny Disease / COPD * Primary Problem in expiration Overinflated · ~ ↓ CO2 elimination Lung · X uniform alveali ventilation · Loss of Elastic Recoil · Air flow limitation - Cough + sputum  EEV 7 FVC 20. predicted = COPD · RV p inkstruction) PEU ↓ · > - · FEV ↓ , Inflated ↳> > luny ↑ TLL Asthma vs COPD ↑ ETFEV, PREFER x100 % - PRE > 10 % > - Asthma Restrictive Diseases luny value Decrease - compliance offissure Every > - reduce - Inspiration problem * FEV, /FUC Ratio is Normal Classification - T2 ( % > 80 Normal = (predicted) COPD Presentation - SUB obstructin airwy - - Chunk sough retention - spirken · High compliance - > - ↓ elastic recoil airway may collaspe > -  Assessment Ques - CATV , SERQU , mMRL - , CRQ ~ Asale exacerbation of COPD If · Non invasive newtilation PT · ACBT · Oral corticosteroids Breathing training · · Anti-biotic · OPEP/PED · Early pulmonary rehal ↑ Exercise medication SABA + SAMA/CABA-LAMA Respiratory failure Type 1 : Low 02 Hypoxemia Type 2 : High CO Hypercaprise. 2 PaOz 65 multg High PaCO2 45mmHy > Low normal Of low or normal CO2 In or ⑭ ⑭ I ⑬It ⑪ ~ -  Of therapy Hb (Anaemia mitation by - Hypoxemic ↳ viscosity) > Stroke Secondary polycythemica blood - ↳ Hypoxic casoconstriction -~ X Too much O2 - O2 replace all Nitrogen ↓ in luny when Or all absorbed ↓ collasped alverli O2 induced hypercapnia · Remove the hypoxic vasoconstriction ↳ worsen V/Q mismatch · Less [U2 bind to Hb - ↑ [CO2] in plasma ↳ CO2 narcosis ↓ pHd chemoreceptor ↓ rate respiratory · > - > - Breathing Derive Incentic Spirimetry Improve luny expension · Centra COPD Inflated · lung ② Hypoxemia PEP/OPER · Prevent airway collapse Ficilitate sputum slarence · Contra premthing · hae mupty six  Contrai · Preumothora Unstable Asthma · Norma Airway Clearaa For Breathing Device Mucciliary clearance - - Emimin viscry/deph of message Hamidification (High Flow O therapy 2 50 % /thicken secretion c 33-44 migHs O  Warm temperature - 34-41 % e Factors affecting ciliary clearance ALBT control of slow down > - Regain Breathings respiratory rate focus air get into bottom of luny Preumonia Clinical styn - Fener -yellowish/green sputum Diagnosis - SOB-THR · X-ray : Local consilidation/patchy air space · WC (White cell count · (RP( > -reactive partein) Role of PT sputum clearance - Breathing Ex -  Asthma Role of PT Breathing Ex - - present allergen - Education > - Inhaler management Exercise induced Asthma - Breath rut and Step 1 : in clear the all medical to luny sealed the mouth and Short-term are : SABA Step 2 : press the button > Breath - slowly month 3-5 se Cay-term chrovice LABA by : Step 3 : Hold the Breath by l sel Step 4 : Breath out Interstitial long Diseases - > Chronic Causes -3 - Autoimmune - Eposure to pollutants C will - clubbing >  Acute Long Injury/Acciss Despiratory Distress syndrome · Rapid met rapiratory failure lead to parenchymal Vasculature of long Induce pulmonary inflammation and damage to luny · Classifications Prementation - hypoxemia - Low PaO/FiO - crugh - Rapid Hearl Rate o Prne position PT role sputum management Breathing Ex imprne Oxygenation/ - > - ventilation Pneumothorax PT Rule - Breathing Et Prisoning dearame - sputum - -(12) - Exercise prescription Clinical presentation sharp pain - - ↑ Hear rate - Hypoxemia/ Hypotension Pleuml Effusion Clinical presentation Pittical Breathing - - Pim when cough PT Positioning Sputum clearame - -Breathing Ex blanted costophrenic L and meniscus O  Pulmonary Rehab Prog. Structure : Step 1: Assessment > - Step 2 : Exercise conditioning GMWT/spirometry Step 4 Psychosocial support. : & Steps : Education + self I management  Assessment of Dysmea Level mMRC FOR COPD exercise test Inclination & first than speed Exercise I Normal breath · Pursed lip breathing > - in slowly with nose ~ create to pritive pressure open up airway. Breath up with pursed lip /relief ~ i 30B Removal in : 2: / ~ improve gas exchange Abnormal Sign in Exercise *  Lung Cancer CNSCLC) / - ~> Non-small cell cancer 85 % CSCLC) my Small-cell long carer 1% Tend to and spread - grow quicker than NSCL( Stages based on (TNM) - size (Tumor) notes (Nodes - Degree of spreading of regional lymph - Present of Metastasis (M)  E Post up I Day Burn Rubs of 9 Epidermic S kin- > - Dermis ↳ hypodermis Early Management blanket - Warm >3- 4milkg1 % burnt over 24hrs > - uptake 4000kcal ↳ coul-cover the wound Role of physic - Assessment - Airway clearance + frequent collect of sputum Nebulization -  Assessment 1. Temp. 2 Cardiovascular system CHR of 130/min is commons. 3 Respiratory system (ARR is normal 4. Auscultation Positioning - -  Scar Management Scur massage - -> at 24-40 manity maintain -compression therapy ~ scar minturation -Sun protection  GMWT - Minimal important difference : Som Distance-saturation product (DSP) ↳ Distance walked x lowest SpO2 ↓ Peak @ uptake (VO2 maxt Estimation I  ↓ Laculate target O2 aptake It exercise interiny is XX of peak &2 uptake