Reviewer Ni Maica Sa Personal Development PDF

REVIEWER NI MAICA SA PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT WEEK 1 The concept of “relationships and family” is broad and varies from person to person. What you mean by relationship is unique to you, but most people do think of a state of connectedness, especially an emotional connection. Relationships are not sta...

REVIEWER NI MAICA SA PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT WEEK 1 The concept of “relationships and family” is broad and varies from person to person. What you mean by relationship is unique to you, but most people do think of a state of connectedness, especially an emotional connection. Relationships are not static, they are continually evolving, and to fully enjoy and benefit from them we need skills, information, inspiration, practice, and social support. THREE KIND OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP: Family - two or more persons who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household. Roles of family vary across cultures as well as throughout your own lifetime. Friends - close tie between two people that is often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding. Partnerships - close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and love. We usually experience this kind of relationship with only one person at a time. KINDS OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP: 1. Attachment - relating with others and forming deep connections on a personal level is influenced by several factors. Early attachment pattern with the primary caregiver is one of them. Attachment is the emotional connection between individuals and various patterns are formed during the first two years of life. The kind of response the primary caregiver provides, usually the mother, in times of distress determines these attachment styles. a. Attachment Style: Secure attachment Caregiver’s Response To Infant’s Needs: Caregiver readily responds to the emotional needs of the child providing a sense of security. Individual’s Views And Attitudes: Have a secure and positive view of themselves and their relationships  b. Attachment Style: Avoidant Attachment Caregiver’s Response To Infant’s Needs: Caregiver does not respond or is unavailable to attend to the needs of the child. Individual’s Views And Attitudes: Cold and detached towards getting into meaningful relationships. c. Attachment Style: Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Caregiver’s Response To Infant’s Needs: Caregiver is inconsistent in responding to the needs of the child. Individual’s Views And Attitudes: would often show uncertainty or insecurity towards relationships. 2. Attraction - Interpersonal attraction is having positive feelings towards someone. It covers many experiences which include a feeling of liking, sense of admiration, friendship, desire (lust), and love toward another person. a. Familiarity - the tendency to like or get attracted to someone if the person is familiar or recognizable to them. b. Proximity - it is most likely that you will be friends with someone who is relatively physically close to you such as your seatmate or your neighbor. c. Reciprocity - the tendency to like someone because they like you as well. d. Similarity - you will like someone because of your similarity in certain ways such as interests, activities, likes and dislikes, values, etc. e. Physical Attractiveness - you will be attracted to someone if they are pleasant to look at. 3. Love and Intimacy a. Biblical Definition - Love is most often understood as an intense feeling of deep affection. Biblically, love has a much deeper and richer meaning; it transcends a feeling or emotion. In other words, true love is always sacrificial, self-giving, merciful, compassionate, sympathetic, kind, generous, and patient. b. Scientific Perspective - Love is a powerful drive that excites the brain and sets neurological condition, such that neurotransmitters release different chemicals in the body Stage 1: Lust - This is driven by sex hormones testosterone and estrogen. Stage 2: Attraction - an individual feel so highly love-struck. Dopamine, norepinephrine (adrenalin), and serotonin makes you feel exhilarated, or temporarily feeling “insane” Stage 3: Attachment - a deeper relationship is developed which leads to a long, serious commitment. Oxytocin and vasopressin are the responsible hormones for this. c. Philosophical Formulations - Philosophers of Ancient Greece had pondered on love. Their thoughts led them into thinking about love in different ways. Aristotle - in the context of love in friendship, Aristotle identifies three sources of affection: the good, the pleasant, and the useful, whereas he identifies “the good” as the perfect friendship for it shows that true friendship “wishes and acts to realize good things for the other’s sake” as far as they are good. Plato - during his speech at “The Symposium” at the house of the tragic poet Agathon, where Greeks commonly came together to discuss ideas during a celebration (385 – 370 BCE), Plato gave his argument about a philosophical debate over the true nature of love. Plato believed that love is the motivation that leads one to try to know and contemplate beauty in itself. Love is like a ladder that happens through a gradual process- beginning with an appreciation of the appearance of physical beauty and then moves on to an appreciation of spiritual beauty. The Greeks have identified four different kinds of love, namely: Agape - love of God for man Philia - brotherly love that characterizes friendship Storge - love for family and close companions Eros - romantic love d. Psychological Point of View - Robert Sternberg proposed a Triangular Theory of Love which identifies three major dimensions, namely: intimacy, commitment, and passion. This is a different concept of “love triangle” that is troublesome. C. UNDERSTANDING THE ACCEPTABLE AND UNACCEPTABLE MEANS OF EXPRESSING ATTRACTIONS TOWARD THE PARTNER You have understood well the essential traits of a good relationship. This time, allow yourself to open your mind to see the difference between acceptable and unacceptable means of expressing attractions towards the opposite sex. In this way, you will also have a chance to unlearn the bad practices that you have in showing how attracted you are to someone. WEEK 2 SOCIAL RELATIONS Social relation is a blanket term for interactions between two or more people, groups, or organizations. Individual social relationships are composed of an immense number of social, physical, and verbal interactions that create a climate for the exchange of feelings and ideas. As you grow up, you get to know people and build relationships by which you had first with your family. As human persons, it is expected that you build relationships or social relationships which also affect the way you think, decide, or even act on certain things.Social relationships are your interactions with other people. These kinds of relationships vary from the “degree of intimacy and vulnerability you offer to people as to cooperate and achieve a certain objective.” The Benefits of Social Relationships To reflect our fundamental need to belong, psychologist Roy Baumeister developed a theory centered on this need to belong. This theory argues that we are each born with a drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships. To fulfill this need, we seek relationships with those at work, at school, in our communities and religious organizations, and in other social contexts. 1. Social relationships help us feel we are not alone. We feel connected to others in ways that we can’t experience when we are alone. Depriving people of social relationships can be physically and psychologically devastating. 2. Social relationships bring very specific rewards: a. Emotional- our relationships can give us emotional support and encouragement in difficult times. b. Material- when we feel close to other people, we tend to share our resources in times of need, and vice versa. c. Physical Health- our friends help us alleviate stress through happiness, relaxation, and encouragement to stay healthy B. YOUR GROWING SOCIAL CIRCLE There are four (4) main types of relationships that influence an adolescent: (1) Parents, (2) Peers, (3) Community, and (4) Society. 1.Parental Relationships When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent-child conflict and a decrease in cohesive familial bonding. Arguments often concern new issues of control, such as curfew, acceptable clothing, and the right to privacy. 2. Peer Relationships As adolescents work to form their identities, they pull away from their parents, and the peer group becomes very important. The level of influence that peers can have over an adolescent makes these relationships particularly important in personal development. As children begin to create bonds with various people, they start to form friendships; high quality friendships may enhance your development regardless of the particular characteristics of those friends. 3. Community, Society, and Culture There are certain characteristics of adolescent development that are more rooted in culture than in human biology or cognitive structures. Culture is learned and socially shared, and it affects all aspects of an individual's life. Social responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief-system development, for instance, are all likely to vary based on culture. C. SOCIAL INFLUENCE Social influence is a phenomenon that occurs when your behaviors, way of thinking, or feelings are affected by others, or vice-versa. This transpires in the context of socializing with others, with consideration to acceptable behaviors called norms, and group pressure that come to interplay in the process. 1. Conformity - This is the act of adjusting your behaviors, opinions or beliefs to agree with the prevailing norm or standard. To avoid social disapproval, ridicule or rejection which has a negative impact on the person, an individual is compelled to conform. By conforming, you get a sense of security that you are one with others and a part of the group. 2. Compliance - Compliance occurs when an individual give in or agrees with the other person or group even if one holds a different opinion about the person or situation. Often, this happens to avoid confrontation. 3. Identification - This takes place when a respectable, famous or well-liked person exerts great influence on others. The individual follows the ways of the popular figure. 4. Obedience - This is an act of following authority figures. An individual conforms to the demands of someone who exercises influence or power. Obedience to authority is necessary to maintain rules and order in the group, but it can also be destructive when the person in authority abuses his/her position, or is not competent to bear out the rules effectively. 5. Persuasion – happens when a person or group influence another to change their beliefs, actions, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion. D. PERCEPTION OF ONESELF AND OTHERS Self-Perception Theory Daryl Bem (1967), a social psychologist at Cornell University, is credited with creating the idea of self- perception theory. The Self-Perception Theory explains how we tend to interpret our attitudes by looking at how we act. We frequently assume things about our emotions when we are uncertain because of the way we react in specific circumstances. WEEK 3 Values are like a set of guiding principles or standards that help us decide what's right, wrong, good, bad, or worth pursuing. They can be taught, learned, or developed over time through personal experiences, education, and cultural influences. Values can help us make sense of our experiences and give us a sense of purpose and direction in life. The values that Filipinos have serve as a symbol of their cultural identity and define the way they interact with each other. These values create a sense of unity and Harmonious Relationships. A. KNOWING SOMETHING ABOUT FILIPINO VALUES AND RELATIONSHIPS 1. Friendship in the Philippines- Friendship often is placed on a par with kinship as the most central of Filipino relationships. Filipinos usually make friends easily. They are warm and hospitable. They smile a lot, which makes it easier for strangers or foreigners to feel at ease with them. 2. Pakikisama and Group-Oriented Filipino- This is a core value of Filipino culture and life and it has a name; ‘kapwa’. Togetherness. There is a thing called ‘pakikisama’, or group harmony that means it is more important for everyone to feel good than for anyone to feel bad. 3.Pakikiramdam and Filipino Moral Obligations- Filipinos are more moralistic than foreigners generally believe. Other moral obligations include dangal (honor), puri (also honor), pananagutan (responsibility, accountability), and katapatan (loyalty). 4. Bayanihan- “Bayanihan” is a Filipino word derived from the word bayan meaning town, nation, or community in general. “Bayanihan” literally means, “being a bayan,” and is thus used to refer to a spirit of communal unity and cooperation. 5. Utang na Loob (Debt Cycle)- The essence of utang na loob is an obligation to appropriately repay a person who has done one a favor. 6. Tampo and Magtampo: Filipino Sulking- Pagtatampo is usually translated as ‘sulk’, but it does not quite mean that. ‘Sulk’ seems to have a negative meaning which is not expressed in pagtatampo. It is a way of withdrawing, of expressing hurt feelings in a culture where outright expression of anger is discouraged. OTHER examples of Filipino Values: Padrino System - The value system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation or friendship. Suki - This may develop between two people who agree to become regular customers and suppliers in which loyalty and relationship bear more importance in business than profit. Bahala Na - Filipino trait characterized by withdrawing from certain undertaking and leaving everything to the "spints" to interfere and determine the outcome of his deeds Mañana Habit - Known as "tomorrow" in English, the habit encourages delaying or setting aside a certain task assigned on the next day although it can be done today. Ningas Cogon - Filipino cultural trait of enthusiastically starting things, but then quickly losing enthusiasm soon after. Filipino Time - behind or hours behind the standard time. WEEK 4 DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES 1. Nuclear family: A family unit consisting of at most a father, mother and dependent children. It is considered the “traditional” family. 2. Extended family: A family consisting of parents and children, along with grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins etc. In some circumstances, the extended family comes to live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family. 3. Step families: Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, and remarriage. 4. Single parent family: This can be either a father or a mother who is singly responsible for the raising of a child. 5. Adoptive family: A family where one or more of the children has been adopted.. 6. Bi-racial or multi-racial family: A family where the parents are members of different racial identity groups. 7. Trans-racial adoptive family: A family where the adopted child is of a different racial identity group than the parents. 8. Blended family: A family that consists of members from two (or more) previous families. 9. Conditionally separated families: A family member is separated from the rest of the family. This may be due to employment far away; military service; incarceration; hospitalization. They remain significant members of the family. 10. Foster family: A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary member of the household. This “temporary” period may be as short as a few days or as long as the child’s entire childhood. 11. Gay or Lesbian family: A family where one or both of the parents’ sexual orientation is gay or lesbian. 12. Immigrant family: A family where the parents have immigrated to another country as adults. Their children may or may not be immigrants. Some family members may continue to live in the country of origin, but still be significant figures in the life of the child. 13. Migrant family: A family that moves regularly to places where they have employment. FAMILY LEGACIES No matter who we are, where we live, or what our goals may be, we all have one thing in common; aheritage. That is social, emotional, and spiritual legacy passed on from parent to child. A spiritual, emotional and social legacy is like a three-stranded cord. Individually, each strand cannot hold much weight, but wrapped together they are strong. That is why passing on a positive, affirming legacy is so important and why a negative legacy can be so destructive. The good news is that you can decide to pass a positive legacy on to your children whether you received one or not. 1. EMOTIONAL LEGACY – In order to prosper, our children need an enduring sense of security and stability nurtured in an environment. A strong Emotional Legacy can: Provide a safe environment in which deep emotional roots can grow. Fosters confidence through stability. Conveys a tone of trusting support. Nurtures a strong sense of positive identity. 2. SOCIAL LEGACY – To really succeed in life, our children need to learn more than management techniques, accounting, reading, writing and geometry. 3. SPIRITUAL LEGACY – is overlooked by many, but that’s a mistake. As spiritual beings, we adopt attitudes and beliefs about spiritual matters from one source or another. Parents who successfully pass along a spiritual legacy to their children model and reinforce the unseen realities of the godly life. GENOGRAM A Genogram is a graphical map of a family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major events, diseases, traditions, social and personal beliefs and rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, value systems, philosophies about life, and the dynamics of a family over several generations. WEEK 5 A career is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found a good match between his life goals, skills, personality, and interests with a dream job, or it may just be a means to earn a living.In the Philippines, education takes top priority among the majority of families after basic necessities are met. The belief that college diploma can improve one’s life is the major factor that drives many Filipinos to seek out the most popular courses in college that can offer the best chances of employment. Defining your goals in career and life Goal setting defines success from failure. This is a critical first step because without a definition of what you want to be, and without the ability to measure your progress, you will not succeed. CATEGORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES 1. Trait Factor – skills, values, interests, and personality characteristics are analyzed and matched with job factors, or an occupational profile. 2. Psychological – A person is usually made up of six personality categories: realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising and arising, though that personal will have one dominant type, he/she may still exhibit up to three of these types. 3. Decision – This is based on Albert Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy, which means that a person may exercise control over his or her thoughts, beliefs, and actions, and that self-efficacy is the predictor of behavior. 4. Developmental or the Lifespan or Life-Space Theory – This is based on the idea thar humans are always in constant change and go through life learning and doing new things while changing roles in the process. INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING ONE’S CHOICE OF CAREER 1. Self-concept or self-identity – If you think you are not confident about your self-identity, then choosing a career or even a course to take up in college will be difficult. 2. Personal Preferences – Think of what you really want to pursue and where do you see yourself working in the long run. 3. Motivation – The drive is to fulfill one’s fullest potentials is the best motivation any personal can ever have in living a meaningful life. 4. Self-confidence – This can keep a person’s eyes on his goals and declare the world that he can do it and will succeed in the pursuit of his dreams. 5. Personal skills – Basic education teaches us the hard skills we need to acquire so we may qualify for higher education, such as learning math and the sciences. 6. Personality Characteristics – Knowing your personality characteristics will definitely help you in choosing a career. 7. Personal Health – The condition of your health is a major factor in the career choice you will make. But take note that physical conditions or health issues do not defer a person in pursuing their dreams. 8. Emotional Consideration – Making decisions in level headed and calm manner can make best life- directing decisions. 9. Self-sabotaging thoughts – These thoughts deter a person from developing a healthy and wholesome self-concept. Knowing your strengths and weaknesses will put your feet on the ground and make you realistic about your capabilities and limitation. The Importance of Career Development In general, workers want interesting and meaningful work, and they want to utilize and develop their skills and abilities. Career development actions enable both an individual and the organization that employs him or her to meet these expectations. WEEK 6 Career Choices Making the best career choices involves: Knowing yourself – what you like (your interests), what you are good at (your skills and abilities), what is important to you (values) Getting to understand the world of work – what’s out there Learning how to make informed decisions Finding out how to achieve objectives What Influences Your Career Choice? When we think about career choice, several things immediately come to mind – job description, training and education required, career outlook, and salary – but there are several other factors that may influence your decisions Having a career strategy is important. It can help you manage the direction you want your career to take, the job skills and knowledge you will need, and how you can get them. A great career strategy relies on strong foundations The form of your career strategy will depend on the kind of person you are. STEP 1 SELF-ASSESSMENT Life values Consider what is important to you. We all have different values, needs, and motivations. Our work takes up a significant part of our day – usually a third or more – and has a significant impact on other aspects of our lives, including our sense of self-worth and well-being. Skills, knowledge and personal qualities It is important to understand your skills, knowledge and personal qualities so you can match them to jobs you would like to do. This will also help you identify the knowledge and skills you might need to acquire, or the personal qualities you might need, to achieve your career goals. Career planning barriers Despite working hard on your career strategy, you might sometimes come up against obstacles or hindrances you were unaware of or had not considered. STEP 2 CONSIDER THE OPTIONS Often, the most difficult part of career strategy and planning is finding out what jobs are likely to suit you best. The good news is your choice might be wider than you had realized. It’s important to consider each of the options against your values and preferences. STEP 3 DECIDE ON YOUR GOALS If you have yet to decide on your career goals, or you want to revise them, start by considering your career goals for the next two years. What do you want to be doing in two years? What about five and ten years? This kind of thinking helps break down big-picture career strategy and planning into manageable pieces. The SMARTER system can be useful for planning your career goals. Specific: be as clear as you can and avoid ambiguous statements. Measurable: so you can see what you have achieved. Achievable: provides motivation, but also keeps your goals reachable. Realistic: be reasonable and avoid the realms of fantasy. Timely: create timeframes for completing steps, for example, doing short courses or talking with someone about the skills required for a particular job. Empowering: make sure your goals feel right for you and help you make the changes you want. Reviewable: do not set your goals in concrete; be flexible. STEP 4 DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT YOUR CAREER STRATEGY As you progress, your ideas might become more specific. The career planning chart provides a simple way to put the information together. STEP 5 REVIEW AND ADJUST YOUR PLAN Career planning is a way of making the best use of your current situation and foreseeable opportunities. Given that unpredictable events and changes can occur over time, view your plan as a guide and allow space for adjustments and changes to your approach.