Reviewer in UCSP and Komunikasyon PDF

REVIEWER IN UCSP Education in the Philippines Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to as DepEd. DepEd controls the Philippine Education system. It also manages the construction of schools, acquisition of books...

REVIEWER IN UCSP Education in the Philippines Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to as DepEd. DepEd controls the Philippine Education system. It also manages the construction of schools, acquisition of books and other school materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff. From 1945 until 2011, the basic education system was composed of 6 years of elementary education, and 4 years of high school. In 2011, the country started to transition from its 10 years basic educational system to a K-12 educational system. Two types of Education are Formal and Non-Formal Education Formal Education - Refers to the systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically structures and sequential learning corresponding to the general concept of elementary and secondary level of schooling. 1. Pre-school education – aims to develop children in all aspects (physical, social, emotional, and cognitive) 2. Elementary Education – the first part of the educational system, and it includes the first six years of compulsory education from grade 1 to grade 6. 3. Secondary Education – continuing basic education from elementary level to four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. 4. Tertiary Education – offered by private and public colleges and universities. Most higher education institutions offer four-year degree programs with two (2) semesters per year. 5. Vocational Education – an accredited institution offers technical and vocational education. Programs offered vary in duration from a few weeks to two years. 6. Special Education (SPED) – refers to the education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so called “normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential. Non-Formal Education - It is an organized educational activity that takes placed outside a formal set up or outside the framework of the formal system to provide selected types of learning to a segment of the population. 1. Alternative Learning System (ALS) – is a parallel learning system in the Philippines that provides a practical option to the existing formal instruction. RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEM Religions and belief system are important parts of cultures around the world. A religion is a set of beliefs and practices that is often focused on one or more Deities or Gods. Major world religions include Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism. SIN - An immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law. CHURCH - Is called the sanctuary and contains: the altar – a table where the bread and wine are blessed during the Eucharist. The lectern is a stand where the Bible is read from the pulpit – where the priest delivers sermons. CROSS - The principal symbol of the Christian religion. GOD - In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being, creator deity, and principal object of faith. BIBLE - God’s word, contains the sacred scriptures and Book of books. PRAY - Address a solemn request or expression of thanks to a deity or other object of worship. SALVATION - Preservation or deliverance from harm, ruin, or loss. RELIGION - Is a social institution that answers questions and explains seemingly inexplicable things. MONOTHEISM - Refers to the belief in the existence of one God, or in the oneness of God.  POLYTHEISM - Belief in multiple gods or divinities. INSTITUTIONALIZED RELIGION - Formed by a sect, meaning it is not limitless, and it is closed. ORGANIZED RELIGION - Is a social institution in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally established. ANIMISM – It refers to the belief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests ATHEISM – It refers to the belief that there is no God. CHRISTIANITY - The most widespread world religion. ISLAM - Muslim follower of Islam. JUDAISM - a monotheistic religion and one of the world's oldest religions HINDUISM - Oldest major in world religion, dominant in India. REINCARNATION - a cycle of continuous rebirth. BUDDHISM - Follow the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, a spiritual teacher. THREE TYPES OF RELIGIOUS GROUP – Church, Sect, & Cult SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRATIFICATION SOCIAL STRATIFICATION - refers to the kind and degree of distribution of resources within a social system. POLITICAL STRATIFICATION - best explained as the extent to which such inequalities are enclosed in, or influenced by, political structures and processes. SOCIAL DESIRABLES - are factors that affect social stratification. Examples: Wealth, Status, Prestige, and Privilege PROPERTY - income-producing assets that people own (e.g. real estate) that increase financial wealth. POWER - the capacity to influence individuals or activities to achieve wealth and prestige. THREE SOCIAL CLASSES – UPPER CLASSES, MIDDLE CLASSES, & LOWER CLASSES. TWO FORMS OF STATUSES – ACHIEVED STATUSES & ASCRIBED STATUSES SOCIAL INEQUALITY - The existence of uneven opportunities and rewards for a diverse social positions or statuses within a group or society. GENDER INEQUALITY – Sex and gender-based prejudice and discrimination, called sexism, are major contributing factors to social inequality. Ps: the identification part of your exam is from Lesson 2 (Religions and Beliefs System) so that you can focus your mind to remember the parts that we discussed in Lesson 2. Ps: Always expect that there will be situational questions in your exam. So, enhance your critical thinking skills and your basic understanding. Ps: If you passed our long test, I guarantee that you can ace the exam. Ps: Review Well and Good luck in your Long Test and Exam.  REVIEWER IN KOMUNIKASYON SITWASYONG PANGWIKA - Nothing to review here in this lesson. - All the questions about this lesson are in situational form. KAKAYAHANG PANGKOMUNIKATIBO KAKAYAHANG KOMUNIKATIBO - Tumutukoy sa angkop na paggamit ng mga pangungusap batay sa hinihingi ng isang interaksyong sosyal. KAKAYAHANG LINGGUWISTIKO - Tumutukoy sa abilidad ng isang tao na makabuo at makaunawa ng maayos at makabuluhang pangungusap. 1. SINTAKSIS – Pagsasama-sama ng mga salita upang makabuo ng pangungusap na may kahulugan. URI NG PANGUNGUSAP AYON SA KAYARIAN A. PAYAK - 1 kaisipan - hal. Mabubuting tao ang nakatira sa aming barangay. B. TAMBALAN - 1 kaisipan + 1 kaisipan - hal. Ang mga bata ay nagsisipag-awit at ang matatanda ay nagsisipagsayaw. C. HUGNAYAN - 1 punong kaisipan + 1 pantulong na kaisipan - hal. Sasama ako sa inyo sa Boracay kung makaiipon ako ng sapat na salapi. D. LANGKAPAN - 1 kaisipan + 2 pantulong na kaisipan -Ipagbibili ko na ang aking kotse at magta-taxi na lang ako araw-araw dahil kailangan ko ng malaking perang pambili ng condominium. 2. MORPOLOHIYA – Pag-aaral ng morpema. Morpema and tawag sa pinakamaliit na yunit ng salita na nagtataglay ng kahulugan. KAYARIAN NG MGA SALITA A. PAYAK - Walang panlapi, hindi inuulit - salitang ugat. B. INUULIT b.a. GANAP - kung inuulit ang buong salitang-ugat. b.b. DI-GANAP - kung ang inuulit ay bahagi lamang ng isang salita. C. MAYLAPI - Salitang binubuo ng salitang-ugat at isa o higit pang panlapi. b.a. UNLAPI - Ito ay ginagamit sa unahan ng salitang ugat. b.b. GITLAPI - Ito ay ginagamit sa gitna ng salitang ugat. b.c. HULAPI - Ito ay ginagamit sa hulihan ng salitang ugat. D. TAMBALAN - Dalawang salita na pinagsama upang makabuo ng isang salita. 3. PONOLOHIYA – Pag-aaral ng ponema. Ponema ang tawag sa pinakamaliit na yunit ng tunog na nagtataglay ng kahulugan. A. TITIK - ang titik o letra ay sagisag sa isang tunog o pagsasalita. - binubuo ito ng mga patinig o bokablo (vocablo) at ng mga katinig o konsonante (consonant) - ang Alpabetong Filipino ay binubuo ng Limang patinig at dalawamput tatlong katinig B. DI-TITIK - Ang bantas ay kumakatawan sa mga patlang at himig ng pagsasalita sa pagitan ng mga titik at patinig, sa pagitan ng mga salita at mga parirala, at sa pagitan ng mga pangungusap. - Ang karaniwang bantas: a. Kuwit (,) b. Tuldok (.) c. Pananong (?) d. Padamdam (!) e. Tuldok-kuwit (;) f. Tutuldok (:) g. Kudlit (’) h. Gitling (-) KAKAYAHANG SOSYOLINGGUWISTIKO - Pagsaalang-alang ng isang tao sa ugnayan niya sa mga kausap, ang impormasyong pinag-uusapan, at ang lugar ng kanilang pinag-uusapan. MGA DAPAT ISAALANG-ALANG SA EPEKTIBONG KOMUNIKASYON (SPEAKING)  - SETTING - PARTICIPANT - ENDS - ACT SEQUENCE - KEYS - INSTRUMENTALITIES - NORMS - GENRE KAKAYAHANG PRAGMATIK - Kakayahan ng isang tao na matukoy ang kahulugan ng mensaheng sinasabi at di sinasabi, batay sa ikinikilos ng taong kausap. KAKAYAHANG ISTRATEDYIK - Ito ay ang kakayahang magamit ang verbal at di verbal na mga hudyat upang maipabatid nang mas malinaw ang mensahe at maiwasan o maisaayos ang mga hindi pagkakaunawaan o mga puwang sa komunikasyon. URI NG KOMUNIKASYON - VERBAL - DI-VERBAL Iba’t Ibang Pag-aaral sa mga Anyo ng Di-Verbal na Komunikasyon: 1. KINESIKA (KINESICS) – Pag-aaral sa kilos at galaw ng katawan. 2. EKSPRESYON NG MUKHA (PICTICS) - pag-aaral sa ekspresyon ng mukha upang maunawaan ang mensahe ng tagapaghatid. 3. GALAW NG MATA (OCULESICS) – Pag-aaral ng galaw ng mata. 4. VOCALICS - ito ay ang pag-aaral ng mga di lingguwistikong tunog na may kaugnayan sa pagsasalita. 5. PANDAMA O PANGHAWAK (HAPTICS) - pag-aaral ng sa mga paghawak o pandama na naghahatid ng mensahe. 6. PROKSEMIKA (PROXEMICS) - ito ay ang pag-aaral ng komunikatibong gamit ang espasyo. 7. CHRONEMICS - Pag-aaral na tumutukoy kung paanong ang oras ay nakaaapekto sa komunikasyon. INTRODUKSYON SA PANANALIKSIK SA WIKA AT KULTURANG PILIPINO PANANALIKSIK - Ang sistematiko, matalino, etikal na pagkalap ng impormasyon upang masagot ang isang tanong o malutas ang isang suliranin. LITERATURE REVIEW – pagsusuri ng mga naunang pag-aaral. RESULTA – dito nakapaloob ang resulta ng pananaliksik o eksperimento. INTRODUKSYON – dito isinasaad ang layunin ng pananaliksik. KONKLUSYON – dito nakapaloob ang rekomendasyon ng pananaliksik. Ps: the identification part of your exam is from Lesson 2 (KAKAYAHANG PANGKOMUNIKATIBO) so that you can focus your mind to remember the parts that we discussed in Lesson 2. Ps: Always expect that there will be situational questions in your exam. So, enhance your critical thinking skills and your basic understanding. Ps: If you passed our long test, I guarantee that you can ace the exam. Ps: Review Well and Good luck in your Long Test and Exam.