Final Exam in Contemporary World PDF

Final Exam in Contemporary World 3. Radio [Saturday, Dec. 7 @ 8am; 9 topics] 4. Social Media INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL MEDIA GLOBAL MEDIA ON CULTURE AND SOCIETY While the term media refers to all Sociologists argue th...

Final Exam in Contemporary World 3. Radio [Saturday, Dec. 7 @ 8am; 9 topics] 4. Social Media INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL MEDIA GLOBAL MEDIA ON CULTURE AND SOCIETY While the term media refers to all Sociologists argue that cultural sorts of print, electronic and digital globalization affected many areas means of communication, global of life, media being only one of media includes all forms of mass them. communication that reach every corner across the globe. > key aspects of cultural globalization: migration, food, THE ROLE OF GLOBAL MEDIA sports and entertainment. IN SOCIETY Migration and Global Media The evolution of existing media Cultural globalization, a process that began with military In today's global society, conflicts, missionary services, and high-definition, flat-screen digital trade, has significantly intensified televisions with numerous cable with technological advancements, channels are preferred over older, allowing people to travel for low resolution, black and white economic opportunities or start new televisions with limited channel lives across borders. options. Food and Global Media The emergence of new delivery modes Cultural globalization has led to the widespread availability of The Internet, or the diverse cuisines in diverse, worldwide web, is considered the multiethnic cities, allowing us to most innovative technology, enjoy food and drink from around enabling communication through the world. platforms like Twitter and social media, allowing messages to reach However, this also means multiple people. that fast-food giants have become increasingly popular and have Arjun Appadurai (1996) Advances reduced the prevalence of local in media and technology have foods and eating habits. significantly influenced migration patterns, leading to globalization Sports and Global Media and fundamental changes in Cultural globalization has human life. also led to the establishment of In his article, forwards the ideas major international sporting events that: such as the World Cup and the Olympics. These events unite Globalization could not occur people together in a shared, global without the media. leisure experience. Globalization and media have intertwined over time, Entertainment and Global Media with media development Television companies also supporting claims that media market their shows, such as Big have made globalization Brother and Who Wants To Be A possible. Millionaire, to worldwide audiences. FOUR TYPES OF GLOBAL They are hosted and telecasted MEDIA: across international borders. More recently, online streaming services 1. Television such as Netflix have made 2. Newspaper watching shows and films from all over the world accessible in almost WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF MEDIA every country. ON SOCIETY? Media can significantly impact society by THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL enabling individuals to access MEDIA: CONSEQUENCES information, interact through global Globalization of culture and connections, and ultimately foster the rise of global media have led to economic growth. detraditionalization and increased HOW DOES MEDIA HELP IN risk consciousness. DEVELOPMENT? Media can help Detraditionalization, a significant in development by exposing people aspect of globalization, refers to to new ideas, beliefs, systems, individuals actively questioning structures, etc. traditional values such as religious beliefs, marriage, and gender roles. ASIAN REGIONALISM Mansfield & Milner described a region as “a group of countries Risk Consciousness, Ulrich Beck located in the same (1992) points out the importance of geographically specified area global risk consciousness due to organized to regulate and shared experiences. Global oversee flows and policy problems like terrorism, national choices” conflicts, nuclear wars, global warming, etc., threaten populations Asia refers together to the living in different countries regions of East Asia, Southeast worldwide. Asia, Pacific Islands, and South Asia. GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURE: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES It contains highly developed economies (Japan, South Korea, There are two primary theoretical Singapore, Taiwan) and some of perspectives on global media and the world's least developed culture: (Cambodia, Laos, Nepal). Cultural imperialism The area makes up nearly Postmodernism one-third of the world’s land mass and two-thirds of its population. Asia’s combined economies CULTURAL IMPERIALISM - produce 35% of global GDP (Gross perspective aligns with the Domestic Product) and over a third neo-Marxist view and focuses on of global merchandise exports. the negative effects of global media in society. Cultural imperialists Some experts suggest Asia argue that Americanization, a may be “decoupling” from reliance process involving the spread of on the global economy, focusing Hollywood films, shows, sports, and more on regional advertisements, is a significant interdependence. factor in globalization. ASIAN REGIONALISM is the POSTMODERNISM - perspective collaboration and unity among considers media the central point of Asian countries across economic, globalization and focuses on the political, cultural, and security positive effects of global media on aspects. It aims to strengthen Asia society. For example, access to as a region through cooperation, more choices of clothes, shared knowledge, and mutual accessories, films, TV shows, support for greater stability and music, travel opportunities, etc. development.  - mainly a product of societies, and political systems on economic interaction and a worldwide scale. It involves the NOT political planning. free flow of goods, services, people, capital, and ideas across Example: RCEP (Regional borders. Globalization leads to the Comprehensive Economic creation of a more interconnected Partnership) and interdependent world. RCEP is a major trade - Example: Multinational agreement that includes 15 companies like Apple or Asia-Pacific countries: all 10 McDonald's operate across ASEAN nations (Brunei, Cambodia, the globe, and innovations Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, such as the internet affect Myanmar, the Philippines, people everywhere. Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), along with China, Japan, South Regionalization - Focuses on Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. integration within a specific geographical region. It involves Highlights economic integration cooperation between neighboring and cooperation across Asia. or nearby countries that share RCEP offers a platform for similar economic, cultural, or smaller companies to enter regional political interests. Regionalization markets, benefiting from reduced usually happens as a response to trade barriers and simplified shared concerns such as economic regulations. stability, security, or trade. RCEP gradually reduces - Example: The European tariffs on goods traded between Union (EU), ASEAN member countries, making trade (Association of Southeast cheaper and more efficient, Asian Nations), and encouraging more trade within Mercosur (a South American Asia. trade bloc); where countries within a region come Regionalism is a political process together for collective growth characterized by economic policy and mutual benefit. cooperation and coordination among countries. This is where Evolution of Asian Regionalism countries coordinate in order to is shaped by two key forces: the form alliances with nearby acceleration of globalization and countries. the emerging influence of Asia as a global force. - Example: Association of Southeast Asian Nations Over recent decades, East (ASEAN) Asia's economies—often referred to as the "tiger economies" Regionalization, on the other (Singapore, Hong Kong, South hand, is the regional concentration Korea, and Taiwan)—have become of economic flows between symbols of dynamism and growth. countries. Countries form regional organizations for many reasons After WWII, Asia faced such as for military defense and for significant economic and policy sharing of resources. challenges, but countries like Japan, South Korea, China, and - Popularity of K-pop in Asia Hong Kong emerged as new Difference of Globalization & economic powers. Regionalization This shift has influenced Globalization - Global process that neighboring countries, which have integrates economies, cultures, adopted similar strategies to boost their own economies, security, and World War II marks another political frameworks. Before this way in which the region comes to rise, much of Asia was labeled as be at once integrated and "underdeveloped." The rapid influenced by external forces. After economic development of East World War II, concerns about Asia,often called the East Asian political instability, faltering Miracle, was driven by both economic reform, and the fall of internal and external factors that China all pushed the United States helped transform the region into an and their occupation to stress economic powerhouse. These Japan’ economic growth and its factors have played a critical role in incorporation into the world rebuilding and reshaping Asian economy (Ikenberry, 2007: 52). economies, making them central This meant opening up American players in the global arena. markets to Japanese goods, drawing on the Japanese market to The three proposed views about supply equipment and goods for the connection of Asia and US armed forces and other aid globalization: programs, and eventually A. externalist view – the incorporating Japan into the region as an object multilateral economic order impacted by globalization; including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Ikenberry, B. generative view – the 2007). region as a springboard; and Adoption to Export-oriented Growth C. the region as an alternative to In the 1980s and 1990s, globalization. Japan, Korea and Taiwan were able to adapt economic policies A. The Region as an Object in line with what they understood as Impacted by Globalization an increasingly globalized An externalist view refers to economic system and benefitted the colonial rule and dominance from export-oriented growth of Western countries to Asian policies. This was followed by the countries. In addition, the high-flying growth of Southeast technologically and industrially Asian ‘tigers’ including Thailand, more advanced Western powers Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore found their way to the region and and Vietnam. The East Asian alternatively prodded and muscled countries and Southeast Asian their way to political and economic countries had some similarities dominance. including relatively close ties between the state and business Colonialism in the region elite, some degree of autonomous beginning from the 1500s brought decision-making structure, and the enormous and devastating rise of manufacturing. However, changes. Europeans brought new Southeast Asian countries were economic practices, religious more reliant on infusions of beliefs, cultural values, and political foreign capital. structures that changed the region drastically. Japan and Thailand did International Monetary Fund and not experience colonial rule, but World Bank (Bretton Woods they had to deal with the System) consequences of Western The IMF and World Bank, influence. as part of the Bretton Woods System, played a central role in promoting economic liberalization and globalization in the post-war chains, and Westernized era, focusing on developing regions diets). like Southeast Asia. Pop Culture: Rise of Asian cultural exports like anime, Indonesia: The IMF and Bollywood, and the K-Wave World Bank supported (e.g., Gangnam Style). Suharto’s authoritarian regime, providing economic Historical and Political assistance but overlooking Transformation: corruption and patrimonialism. Colonialism: Asian colonies Thailand: Policies pushed influenced Western practices by these institutions led to in governance and liberalization, export-driven modernity. growth, and significant Economic Growth: Japan’s foreign investment, resulting post-WWII rise inspired in strong GDP growth. economic policies in China, Philippines: The World India, and beyond. Bank and IMF maintained China and India Today: close ties with Ferdinand Leaders in raw materials, Marcos, whose global supply chains, and administration accumulated financial assistance. nearly $30 billion in debt, Migration and Remittances: leaving the country financially strained. Labor Export: Asia, especially India, China, and Asian Financial Crisis (1997): the Philippines, is a major Causes: Poor policies, weak source of migrant labor. governance, corruption, and Remittances: Significant globalization-driven income source for countries unfettered capital. like the Philippines, Impact: Highlighted Asia’s contributing 11% to GDP. deep integration into the Regional Free Trade and Open global financial system, Regionalism: showing vulnerabilities in regional economies. APEC (1989): Promotes trade cooperation in Asia-Pacific Economic Liberalization: with principles of open regionalism. China (1970s): Deng Regional Free Trade: Xiaoping’s reforms spurred Strengthens intra-regional trade, foreign investment, trade and builds frameworks and integration into the to integrate with WTO. globalization. India (1991): Liberalized economy, focusing on Alternative to Globalization: textiles, services, and export-led growth. Regional Arrangements: Proposals like the Asian Cultural Globalization: Monetary Fund (AMF) aimed to reduce reliance on Homogenization: Western Western-led institutions. influences reshaped Asian Local Movements: culture (e.g., Initiatives in Thailand, India, McDonaldization, fast food and Japan fostered  self-sufficiency after more that a labor pool. this is economic crises. also a draw for global citizens who has palette of GLOBAL CITY places to live, work and do business. Global City an urban centre that Tourist: Because global enjoys significant competitive cities are so big, so vibrant, advantages and that serves as a so much fun, they are hub within a globalized economic magnets for tourists. Tourist system. The term has its origins in themselves are a major research on cities carried out export industry during the 1980s, which examined Connectivity: For the most the common characteristics of the part this means air and world’s most important cities. digital connections to the 4 PILLARS OF URBAN LIFE IN A rest of the world. If global GLOBAL CITY cities are where global citizens meet, then a major 1. Civic - an effective city airport with a full schedule of government by institutions non-stop flights to other of civil society, such as global cities is crucial. think tanks and Quality of Life: This foundations, especially includes public transit, the those embedded in the environment, safe streets, global society. good health care and 2. Commercial - A powerful efficient and honest local business community with government. A reputation for global connections corruption, pollution or crime 3. Educational - Both higher will damage a city’s education and K-12 competitive power. 4. Cultural - The arts and entertainment that give the city the soul. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY Demography is the study of the CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL size, territorial distribution, and CITY composition of a population, Economic Attribute: No city changes therein, and components is a global city unless it is an of such changes, which may be economic powerhouse, identified as natality, mortality, dominant in finance, trade, territorial movement, and social manufacturing or business mobility. services Demography Studies the ff. Population Size: All global (Anderson) cities are big cities-3 millions people or more, It takes size 1. Population size- number of to offer all the attributes people needed to be a global city 2. Population growth/decline- Human Capital: This means changes in the number of having a store house of people over time smart educated, creative 3. Population processes- people. The percentage of fertility, mortality, and the population with a college migration degree 4. Factors Related to Culture: A strong economy Population Processes- pays for the museum, diseases and socioeconomic universities, symphonies, characteristics related to and theaters that make a city mortality, labor force  participation, fertilization, check through preventive and war and immigration positive checks. policies, economic 2. Early Transition – During this conditions motivating period, death rates are significantly migrations geographic reduced. Modern medicine and an distribution. improved food supply, specifically 5. Population Distribution – for children, and better education geographic distribution, such reduce the number of deaths as among states or between caused by diseases and rural and urban areas. malnutrition. At the same time, the 6. Population Structure- age high birth rate is maintained due to and sex composition such as lack of contraception which in turn 7. Population causes a rapid growth in Characteristics- anything population.3. Late Transition – At that has value for each this stage, birth rates start to fall member of the population with advances in medicine and and does not have the same contraception methods and value for everyone increased awareness through (education, income, marital health education. status..,) 4. Post-Transition – The birth and Thinking about the Population death rates are both low. Wealthier Change: This refers to the changes societies tend to achieve this in the size, composition, and phenomenon resulting in a more distribution of the population stable society. Countries with worldwide over time. This change is wealthy economies, family driven by a complex set of factors planning, better healthcare such as birth rates, death rates, systems, high levels of education, migration patterns, and social, and higher social and economic economic, and political factors. enfranchisement for women tend to 1. Aggregate Approach looks maintain low birth and death rates. at the component of Second Demographic Transition population change. 2. Causal or Micro-behavioral Structural Changes – Approach asks the following Modernization, the growth of the questions: What are the service economy and the welfare causal factors or state, the expansion of higher behavioral mechanisms education. that lead to the decisions that people make? Cultural Changes – Secularization, the rise of individualistic values, the Demographic Transition Theory importance of self-expression and self-fulfillment. A generalized description of the changing patterns of mortality, Technological Changes – The fertility, and growth rates as adaptation of modern societies or groups of people move contraception, the advances in from one demographic stage to assisted reproduction, the another across historical periods. explosion of new information technologies. The Stages of the Demographic Transition Model GLOBAL MIGRATIONS 1. Pre-Industrial Society – In this Migration is the movement of stage when the levels of persons from one country or locality technology, and medicine are still to another. low, the population growth is kept in Global Migration is one of the past 4. Remittances forces that have shaped the world. 5. Innovation and It is the movement of people across Entrepreneurship international and internal borders, 6. Cultural exchange and continents ,and regions, worldwide diversity movement of people. 7. Access to better educational opportunities International Migration specifically refers to the movement CONS ON HOST COUNTRIES of people across national borders, 1. Migrants may compete with typically from one country to the local workforce for jobs, another. deals with the movement potentially leading to lower between different countries. wages or higher 1. Move permanently to unemployment, particularly another country (immigrants) among low-skilled workers 2. Workers who stay in another or vulnerable groups for a fixed period (6 months 2. Migrants may be exploited in a yr.) 3. Increase in population can 3. illegal immigrants put pressure on public 4. Whose families have services, such as petitioned them to move healthcare, education, 5. Force Migration housing, and social welfare programs.. Types of Immigrants 4. Large-scale migration can 1. Temporary Labor Immigrants sometimes lead to cultural 2. Highly Skilled and Business friction or tension between Migrants migrants and the native 3. Illegal Migrants population 4. Refugees 5. high levels of migration can 5. Asylum Seekers lead to heightened security 6. Returned Migrants risks, including concerns about crime, terrorism, or social instability EMIGRATE VS. IMMIGRATE 6. Rapid migration can strain infrastructure such as Emigrate = Leave your home transportation networks, country. The focus is on where you utilities, and housing are coming from. "She decided to markets, potentially leading emigrate from Russia to Canada.” to overcrowding Immigrate = Arrive in a new PROS ON THE COUNTRIES OF country. The focus is where you are ORIGIN going. "They plan to immigrate to the United States next year.” 1. Developing countries benefit from remittances PROS AND CONS OF 2. Unemployment is reduced MIGRATION 3. Returning migrants bring PROS ON HOST COUNTRIES savings, skills 1. Job vacancies and skills Cons On The Countries Of Origin gaps can be filled 1. Economic disadvantage due 2. Economic growth can be to the lost of young workers sustained 2. Loss of highly trained people 3. In countries facing aging 3. Social problems for children populations, migration can left behind/ growing up help maintain a balanced without a wider family circle. workforce. The Philippines is one of the 2. Social Upheavals foremost origin countries for 3. Mass Migration and migrants, who are more commonly Displacement known as OFW’S 10 CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL Most global migration is from developing countries to developed FOOD SECURITY countries. 1. Rising Population 2. Rising Income, Changing Diets GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 3. Falling Water Tables “Food Security exist when 4. More Foodless Days all people, at all times, have 5. Slowing Irrigation physical and economic access to 6. Increasing Soil Erosion sufficient, safe and nutritious food 7. Climate Change that meets their dietary needs and 8. Melting Water Reserves food preferences for an active and 9. Flattening Yields health” - World Food Summit, 10. Little Time to Prepare 1996 SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS TO Four Dimensions of Food GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY Security Social consciousness guides our 1. PHYSICAL AVAILABILITY choices and actions, prompting OF FOOD - physical us to think beyond ourselves and existence of food. consider the well-being of 2. ECONOMIC AND others, especially when it comes to PHYSICAL ACCESS TO something as fundamental as FOOD - adequate supply of access to food. food at the national or international level; this does not in itself guarantee SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT household-level security Sustainable development is a 3. FOOD UTILIZATION - concept that addresses the need to Commonly understood as meet the demands of the present the way the body makes the without compromising the ability of most of various nutrients in future generations to meet their the food own needs. 4. STABILITY OF THE OTHER This idea emerged prominently in 3 DIMENSIONS - Mean the 1987 Brundtland Report, regular or consistent access titled ‘Our Common Future’, and to food on a periodic basis, has since become a cornerstone securing one’s nutritional for policy and global discussions on status addressing the challenges we face in the contemporary world. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SECURITY History of Sustainable 1. Economic Growth Development 2. Reduce Poverty Early Foundations 3. Trade Opportunities (Pre-20th Century) 4. Increased Global Security and Indigenous peoples have long Stability maintained practices to live in 5. Improved Health and Healthcare harmony with the environment, of People ensuring resources are not EFFECT OF FOOD INSECURITY exhausted. 1. Malnutrition and Economic Early environmental awareness Instability was mostly focused on conservation and the need to protect natural resources. The U.S. 1987: The Brundtland Report, National Parks system, initiated by formally known as the Report of Theodore Roosevelt in the late the World Commission on 19th century, was one example of Environment and Development, early efforts to protect land from defined sustainable development over-exploitation. as “development that meets the needs of the present without Industrial Revolution and compromising the ability of future Environmental Degradation generations to meet their own (18th-19th Century) needs.” (mid-1700s to 1800s) led to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and Global Environmental increased consumption of natural Agreements resources. This shift, however, (1990s) resulted in widespread The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de environmental degradation, such Janeiro marked a turning point, as deforestation, pollution, and where world leaders adopted the over-extraction of resources. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and created the Thinkers like John Muir (founder Agenda 21, a plan of action for of the Sierra Club) and Henry achieving sustainable development David Thoreau began to advocate globally. for nature preservation in response to these changes. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Framework Emergence of Environmentalism Convention on Climate Change (20th Century) were also established during this Early 20th century: The rise of summit, laying the groundwork for environmental awareness grew future international environmental in response to the industrial agreements impacts on nature, leading to the creation of national parks and Sustainable Development Goals protected areas. (SDGs) (2000s-Present) 2000: The Millennium 1960s and 1970s: The Development Goals (MDGs), environmental movement gained which included addressing poverty, momentum. Key events like the education, gender equality, and publication of Rachel Carson’s environmental sustainability, set Silent Spring (1962), which the stage for more focused highlighted the dangers of global efforts. pesticides, and the first Earth Day (1970) contributed to growing 2015: The United Nations adopted global concern about environmental the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable degradation. Development, which included the 17 Sustainable Development The Birth of Sustainable Goals (SDGs), covering a broad Development (1980s) range of issues, from poverty and 1980: The World Conservation health to climate action and social Strategy, published by the justice. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), The SDGs emphasized the introduced the idea of interconnectedness of economic, sustainable development, social, and environmental emphasizing the need to balance dimensions of development, aiming development with conservation. for a more inclusive and The United Nations Sustainable sustainable global future. Development Goals (SDGs) The United Nations developed the Relevance of Sustainable 17 Sustainable Development Goals Development on Contemporary (SDGs) in 2015 as part of the World 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Sustainable development is Development. These goals provide crucial in the contemporary world a framework for addressing global because it addresses the pressing challenges related to poverty, environmental, social, and inequality, environmental economic challenges that we face degradation, peace, and justice. today while ensuring that future 1. no poverty generations can meet their needs. 2. zero hunger 1. Environmental Protection 3. good health 2. Resource Management 4. quality education 3. Social Equity 5. gender equality 4. Economic Stability 6. clean water and sanitation 5. Climate Change Mitigation 7. affordable and clean energy 6. Interconnectedness 8. decent innovation and The Three Pillars of infrastructure Sustainable Development 9. industry, innovation, and 1. Environmental Sustainability infrastructure. 2. Social Sustainability 10. reduced inequalities 3. Economic Sustainability 11. sustainables cities and 4. communities Environmental Sustainability 12. responsible consumption Environmental sustainability refers and production to practices that protect the 13. climate action natural environment while 14. life below water allowing people to meet their 15. life on land needs. It focuses on conserving 16. peace, justice, and strong resources, protecting ecosystems, institutions and reducing pollution. 17. partnerships for the goals Social Sustainability Challenges and Opportunities Social sustainability is about creating a society that is just, Global Inequality: Addressing the equitable, and inclusive. It SDGs is difficult because of emphasizes improving quality of uneven wealth distribution and life, human well-being, and social inequalities, particularly fostering social cohesion. between developed and developing Economic Sustainability countries. Economic sustainability focuses on creating economic systems that Climate Change: Many SDGs, provide long-term prosperity especially SDG 13 (Climate without causing environmental or Action), are directly impacted by social harm. the global climate crisis, requiring Examples; coordinated global efforts to meet Successful Models: Costa Rica’s emissions reduction targets. renewable energy initiatives, Political Will: Governments play a Scandinavian countries’ social crucial role in implementing SDG welfare models. strategies, but political instability and competing national interests Challenges and Failures: can delay progress. Deforestation in the Amazon, waste management issues in major cities. Technological Advancements: On the positive side, new technologies in renewable energy, media agriculture, and waste further. Platforms like Instagram, management provide opportunities Twitter, and TikTok capitalized on to achieve SDGs more efficiently. mobile Key Issues In Sustainable technology, fostering a constant Development stream of information and cultural trends. 1. Climate Change The Future of Social Media. As 2. Resource Depletion technology advances, social media 3. Social Inequalities 4. Urbanization platforms are constantly evolving, 5. Globalization incorporating features like augmented reality and artificial OUR MISSION intelligence. The future holds Sustainable development is not just exciting possibilities for enhanced a goal, but an ongoing process of connectivity and user experiences. improving the world around us. The The role of Social Media in balance between economic growth, Global Communication social equity, and environmental protection is essential for ensuring 1. Social media has made it that future generations inherit a easier for people to healthy, prosperous planet. connect with each other, regardless of their Global Citizenship * location. 2. Social media has also made 10 IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA it easier for businesses to expand their reach and ON GLOBALIZATION target a global audience. The Rise of Social Media 3. Social Media has also Platforms played a significant role in the rise of influencer Early Beginnings. The roots of marketing. social media can be traced back to 4. However, Social media has the early days of the internet, with also had some negative platforms like SixDegrees.com impacts on global (1997) and Friendster (2002) laying communication. the groundwork for the 5. In conclusion, the role of interconnected world we know social media in global communication is today. significant and cannot be ignored. The Facebook Era. Mark Increased Global Connectivity Zuckerberg's Facebook, launched in 2004, revolutionized social Breaking Down Barriers. Social media, rapidly connecting billions of Media platforms have bridged geographical distances, enabling people worldwide. The platform's people from diverse cultures to user-friendly interface and connect and interact in real-time. widespread adoption sparked a Facilitating Communication. surge in online interaction and Social media platforms provide a content sharing. convenient and accessible platform Mobile Revolution. The advent of for communication, facilitating smartphones and ubiquitous cross-border business interactions, internet access transformed social personal relationships, and communities sharing collaborative projects. traditional Bridging Cultural Gaps. Through knowledge, stories, and art shared experiences, social media forms, platforms have facilitated cultural ensuring their continued exchange and understanding. existence Users can connect with people and accessibility to a wider from different backgrounds, learn about their cultures, and engage in audience. meaningful conversations, fostering The Impact of Social Media on a more tolerant and inclusive global Global Business and Commerce society. Social media has Cultural Exchange and Diffusion transformed the global market by 1. GLOBAL TRENDS AND providing new opportunities for MOVEMENTS. Refers to organizations to connect with widespread changes or customers and expand their reach shifts in society, culture, into new markets. technology, economics, Social media globalization politics, and the environment impacted the way businesses that influence various parts interact in the global marketplace, of the world over time. 2. SHARING IDEAS and the role of influencers in online Perspectives. Social media advertising, and how crowdfunding platforms provide a platform and social commerce facilitates for diverse voices and business. perspectives, allowing Economic Implications of Social individuals from around the Media Globalization world to share their thoughts, experiences, and E-commerce and Global creative expressions, Marketplaces. Social media promoting a more nuanced platforms have revolutionized understanding of different e-commerce, allowing businesses cultures. to reach a global audience and 3. Challenging Traditional expanding market opportunities for Norms. Social media both small businesses and platforms can challenge multinational corporations. traditional social norms and Platforms like Facebook values, empowering Marketplace and Instagram individuals to express Shopping have facilitated seamless themselves freely and online transactions. engage in discussions about Social Media Marketing. societal issues, leading to Businesses increasingly rely on social change and increased social media platforms for awareness of global marketing and advertising, concerns. leveraging targeted advertising 4. Preserving Cultural campaigns and influencer Heritage. Social media marketing to reach specific platforms can be used to demographics and promote their preserve and promote products and services on a global cultural scale. heritage, with individuals and Global Workforce and on global issues such as climate Collaboration. Social media change, human rights, and social platforms have facilitated the justice. growth of remote work and global Electoral Campaigns and Public collaboration, connecting Opinion. Social media platforms professionals across borders and have become integral to modern creating opportunities for political campaigns, allowing individuals to work for companies candidates to reach voters directly, based in different countries. This gather support, and shape public has led to a more interconnected opinion. However, there are global workforce. concerns about the potential for Micro-Entrepreneurship and misinformation and the Social Enterprises. Social media manipulation of public sentiment. platforms have empowered Challenges and Concerns with individuals to launch their own Social Media Globalization businesses and social enterprises, Privacy and Data Security connecting them with potential Social media platforms collect vast amounts of personal customers and investors worldwide. data, raising concerns about user This has fostered economic privacy and the potential for misuse empowerment and innovation on a of information. Data breaches and global level. the spread of misinformation further amplify these concerns. Cyberbullying and Hate Speech Political and Social Impacts of Social media platforms can Social Media be breeding grounds for Amplifying Voices. Social media cyberbullying, hate speech, and the spread of harmful content. The platforms have empowered citizens anonymity provided by these to express their views and platforms can embolden individuals participate in political discourse, to engage in harmful behavior, allowing them to organize protests, leading to emotional distress and social division. advocate for social change, and Echo Chambers and Polarization hold governments accountable, Social media algorithms can leading to greater transparency and create "echo chambers" where public engagement. users are primarily exposed to information that aligns with their Disseminating Information. existing beliefs, leading to Social media platforms have polarization and reinforcing existing become primary sources of biases, hindering constructive information, especially during times dialogue and understanding. of crisis or political unrest. Digital Divide and Inequality Access to social media and However, this rapid dissemination internet technology is not evenly of information can also lead to the distributed globally, creating a spread of misinformation and fake "digital divide" between those who news, posing challenges for have access and those who do not. This disparity can exacerbate accurate reporting. existing inequalities and limit Social Movements and Activism. opportunities for individuals and Social media platforms have communities. facilitated the mobilization of social \ movements and activism, connecting individuals with shared Fredeluces & interests and amplifying their voices Quiambao