21st Century Post War Period Review PDF

**21ST CENTURY** **POST WAR PERIOD** - Post war period (1946-1970) - ALSO KNOWN AS "**RECOVERING ERA"** - Post war period**- AFTER WORLD WAR 2** (post also known as after) **CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE** 1. ROMANTICISM**- originated from Europe 18^th^ century known as "...

**21ST CENTURY** **POST WAR PERIOD** - Post war period (1946-1970) - ALSO KNOWN AS "**RECOVERING ERA"** - Post war period**- AFTER WORLD WAR 2** (post also known as after) **CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE** 1. ROMANTICISM**- originated from Europe 18^th^ century known as "romantic era"** 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **FILIPINO WRITERS IN THE POST WAR PERIOD** - - - - - **READING STYLES** - **READING COMPREHENSION** **-** ability to read the text, process it and understand its meaning **-**involves making connection between words and ideas **4 TYPES** 1. 2. 3. 4. IMAGERY-act of using language to create images in readers mind 1. **VISUAL IMAGERY-** appeal, sense of sight 2. **AUDITORY IMAGERY-** hearing 3. **KINESTHETIC IMAGERY-** movement and actions 4. **OLFACTORY IMAGERY-** smell 5. **GASTATORY-** taste 6. **TACTILE-** touch **TYPES OF CHARACTERISRTIC** 1. **PROTAGONIS(BIDA)-** come from greek means "chief actor" in greek drama 2. **ANTAGONIST(KONTRABIDA)**- portrayed as the villains in stories where protagonist must face & defeat them 3. **FLAT ROLE(EXTRA,MINIMAL ROLE)**- secondary characters 4. **ROUND CHARACTER(ANTAGONIST)**- has many side/trait unpredictable behavior 5. **DYNAMIC CHARACTER(PROTAGONIST)**-fictional **BASIC ELEMENT OF SHORT STORY** 1. **CHARACTER-** in short story is person or an animal **a.protagonist** **b.antagonist** 2. **SETTING-** place(locale) & time period when the story happens called setting 3. **PLOT-** actual story/what the story all about **a.Exposition**- beginning of story, author introduce the characters identifies where the story happening & establish the main conflict **b.Rising action-** events occurs as you begin to move throughout the story. This is where conflicts start **c.Climax-** most exciting part of story **d.Falling action-** problems of story start **e.Resolution-** solution to the problem in story 4. **CONFLICT-** man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. himself, man vs. society 5. **THEME-** authors message to readers 6. **POINT OF VIEW-** story told/narrated also known as the vantage point that writer uses to narrate the story. **a.First person-** tells the story using the pronoun "I' **b.Limited third person-** using "she" "he" **c.Omniscient third person-** can tell thoughts of characters as he can see into their minds **21^st^ CENTURY LITERATURE** - **GRAPHIC NOVEL(COMICS)-** stories with illustrated images - **DIGITAL FICTION-** literary combines 3 media (book,movie/video, internet wbsites) - **E-BOOKS-** electronic book sa gadget like wattpad - **CHICK LITERATURE-** general fiction, issues of womanhood - **MOBILE PHONE TEXT TULA-** filipino poem, does not have titles , shraed trough texting, 4 lines & 7-8 syllables - **TEXT TALK NOVEL-** blogs, email, instant messaging (im) format narrative, stories told completely in dialouge **-IM OFFERS REAL TIME TEXT TRANSMISSION OVER INTERNET** - **BLOG-** short for "web log", online journal - **E-MAIL-** short for "electronic email", online chat that offers real time text transmission - **DOODLE FICTION-** author incorporates doodle drawing (handwritten fonts) - **FLASH FICTION-** short story, fewer that 1000 words - **SPECULATIVE FICTION-** fantastical fiction genres, scientific fiction **EXAMPLES:** **\>WEIRD FITION-** book of japanese **\>APOCALYPTIC-** zombies **\>POST APOCALYPTIC** **\>FANTASY\ \>SUPERNATURAL\ \>SCIENCE FICTION** - **MANGA-** general terms for comics books & graphic novels published in japan **\>KODOMO MANGA-** kids **\>SHOUJU-** older girls **\>JOSEI-** young girls **\>SHOUNEN-** boys **\>SEINEN-** young adult men - **CHINESE COMICS** **\>AMERI(CAN)-MANGA** - **SPOKEN WORD POETRY-** oral art that focuses on the aesthetic of word play & intonation & voice inflection - **RAP BATTLE-** includes bragging, insults & boasting content **GEN CHEM** 1. B. **-ic/ate is more oxygen** **-ous/ite is less oxygen** 2. 3. **ORAL COM** **TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY** **COHEN(1990)-**engaging in a conversation is not just a simple process of talking and listening - **NOMINATION**- a speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic (the one to open the conversation) - **RESTRICTION**- refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker (focuses one category) - **TURN-TAKING**- refers to how people decide who gets to speak next - **TOPIC CONTROL**- refers to the management, to ensure the discussion stats focused and prevent shifts and unnecessary - **TOPIC SHIFTING**- change the topic to a new one which helps communication keep going (requires good timing) - **REPAIR**- how the speaker address the problems in speaking, listening and comprehending that they encounter in a conversation - **TERMINATION**- refers to the conversation participants close-initiating expression that ends a topic conversation to end conversation) **FACTORS AFFECTED BY A SHIFT IN SPEECH CONTEXT, SPEECH STYLE, SPEECH ACT, AND COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY** 1. **LAGUANGE FORM-** refers to how formal or informal the language is, including word choice and sentences **A.FORMAL LANGUAGE-** used in professional or authorative settings **B.INFORMAL LANGUAGE-** casual and often disregards conventional rules or etiquette 2. **DURATION OF INTERACTION-** the amount of time a conversation takes 3. **RELATIONSHIP OF SPEAKER-** used by the speaker suited to his/her relationship to the person whom he/she is communicating 4. **ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY-** depend on the purpose and context of their communication 5. **MESSAGE-** this involves the context of the message, the message may be facts, opinion, feelings, order, suggestion, question 6. **DELIVERY-** manner of delivery involving verbal and nonverbal cues made by the speaker **DELIVERY CAN CLASSIFIED AS:** **A.EXTEMPORANEOUS-** speaking with limited preparation and guided by notes or outline **B.IMPROMPTU-** speaking without advanced preparation or unrehearsed speech **C.MEMORIZED-** planned and rehearsed speech **D.MANUSCRIPT-** reading a loud a written message **PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH WRITING** - **AUDIENCE PROFILE-** knowing your audience age, gender, education, religion, language, culture, & group membership is crucial for developing your speech - **LOGICAL ORGANIZATION-** speech has 3 parts - **DURATION-** divide any speech into five parts ( GRAY GRANT 2017) a. INTRO- 2mins b. BODY POINT 1,2,3 is 5 mins (625 words each) c. CONCLUSION- 3mins (375 words) d. TOTAL WORD COUNT- 2,500 words (20 mins) - **WORD CHOICE-** using conversation language helps the audience (avoid jargon, repetitive words) TANDOC 2016 - **GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS-** to avoid misunderstandings with your audience **USING PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY** STEPHEN LUCAS (2011), author of the art of public speaking (avoid using contraction & slangs) **TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY** 1. **ARTICULATION-** people judge how well you speak by how clearly you articulate (how clear you deliver) -involves precisely forming sounds using your lips, tongue, jaw and palate ("going to" instead of "gonna") 2. **MODULATION-** changing your voices tone or volume 3. **STAGE PRESSENCE-** how well the speaker can keep the audience interested and engaged (maintain good posture, poise & use appropriate gestures 4. **FACIAL EXPRESSION-** show emotion & enthusiasm 5. **BODY MOVEMENT-** use your whole body, not just your hands -GESTURES should enhance your speech, looking natural but intentional 6. **RAPPORT-** everything is in harmony your speech is good, the audience understand & enjoys it **KOMPAN** **KAKAHAYANG PANGKOMUNIKATIBO NG MGA PILIPINO** **KAKAYAHANG LINGGUWISTIKO O GRAMATIKAL** - Mahalaga ang tamang paggamit ng wika, hindi sapat na makapagsalita lamang Kailangan unawahin at magamit ng tama ang wika sa mabisang komunikasyon 1. **PONOLOHIYA-** tunog at talapantigan ng mga salita 2. **MORPOLOHIYA-** porma at pagkakabuo ng mga salita 3. **SINTAKS-** alituntunin paano binubuo ang mga pangungusap 4. **SEMANTIKA-** pagbibigay kahulugan sa salita 5. **ORTOGRAPIYA-** tamang spelling at pagkakasunod ng mga salita - **Sintaks**-pagsasama ng mga salita upang makabuo ng pangungusap na may kahulugan - **Morpolohiya** - mahahalagang bahagi ng salita tulad ng iba\'t ibang bahagi ng pananalita - **Leksikon**-mga salita o bokabolaryo - **Ponolohiya**-palatunugan (diin, intonasyon at hinto) - **Ortograpiya**-tuldok, mga bantas, tuntunin sa pagbabaybay, grapheme. a. **KAKAYAHANG GRAMATIKAL-** pag unawa at paggamit sa kasanayan sa ponolohiya, morpilohiya, sintaks, semantika, at mga tuntuning pang ortograpiya b. **SOSYOLINGGUWISTIKO-** pagsasaalang alang sa konteksto ng komunikasyon - **SPEAKING FRAMEWORK (DELL HYMES)** c. **KAKAYAHANG PRAGMATIK-** pagtukoy sa kahulugan ng mensaheng sinasabi at di sinasabi batay sa kilos, tono, at sitwasyn d. **KAKAYAHANG ISTRATEDYIK-** paggamit ng verbal at di verbal na hudyat para maiwasan ang di pagkakaunawaan **URI NG KOMUNIKASYON-**akto ng pagpapahayag ng ideya o kaisipan sa pamamagitan ng pasalita o pasulat 1. **VERBAL-** paggamit ng wika o salita sa pagpapahayag ng mensahe 2. **DI VERBAL-** paggamit ng kilos o galaw sa pagpapahayag ng mensahe - **7% sa salitang binibigkas** - **38% sat ono ng salita** - **55% sa galaw ng katawan** **MGA ANYO NG DI VERBAL NA KOMUNIKASYON** 1. **KINESIKA-** kilos o galaw ng katawan 2. **PICTICS-** ekspresyon ng mukha 3. **OCULESICS-** galaw ng mata 4. **VOCALICS-** di lingguwistikong tunog (buntonghininga) 5. **HAPTICS-** paghawak o padama (pagtapik sa balikat) 6. **PROKSEMIKA-** distansya sa komunikasyon (EDWARD T. HALL 1963) - **INTIMATE**: 0-1.5ft - **PERSONAL:** 1.5-4ft - **SOCIAL:** 4-12ft - **PUBLIC:** 12ft pataas 7. **CHRONEMICS-** epekto ng oras sa komunikasyon **ELS** **Biological Hierarchy-** it organises living things in descending levels ofcomplexity, kingdom, phytum, class, order, family genus, and species **Linnaean Taxonomy**- pag tawag sa pagkakasunod **Asexual reproduction**-produce its own offspring (single parent) **Sexual reproduction**-produce an off spring (mate and female) H**ermaphroditism**-produce both male and female gamete no partner **Types of Asexual Reproduction** 1. Binary Fission- separation of the body into two new bodies. (single organism) 2. Fragmentation breaks into smaller pieces called \"Fragments\" method of asexual reproduction 3. Budding-(attached) results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals 4. Parthenogenesis- they grow without fertilization **Mechanisms of Fertilization** Internal Fertilization- Occurs when the fusion of gametes in inside the female body. External Fertilization-is the opposite where fusion of gametes is outside the female body **3 types of internal** 1. Oviparity-lay egg (wait for several days before mapisa) 2. Viviparity-like human manganak 3. Ovoviviparity- Lay eggs and develop the eggs inside the mother\'s body, **Factors that Affect Reproductive Success** **Factor 1: Predation-hunt** - Food chain-organism to organism - Apex-predators animals that hunt Prey-they control population **Factor 2: Environment** **Factor 3: Human Interaction** - Human have been responsible for a lot of species extinction **STAGES OF FERTILIZATION** 1 trimester (0-12 weeks)- critical stag, develop hand, legs 5-8 weeks heartbeat 2 trimester (13-26 weeks)-determine the sex 3 trimester (27-40 weeks) full term