Reproduksi Betina 1 PDF

Document Details

TenderMesa

Uploaded by TenderMesa

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Drh. Sitarina Widyarini, MP, PhD

Tags

female reproduction animal reproduction ovarian anatomy veterinary medicine

Summary

This document discusses female reproductive anatomy and pathology in animals, including topics such as the ovaries, oviduct, uterus, and related hormonal control. It also covers various pathologies like cysts, tumors, and inflammation.

Full Transcript

SISTEMA REPRODUKSI BETINA Drh. Sitarina Widyarini, MP, PhD Bagian Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Topik  Ovarium  Oviduk Inflamasi  Uterus Neoplasia  Placenta  Glandula mammae Adenohipofisa A...

SISTEMA REPRODUKSI BETINA Drh. Sitarina Widyarini, MP, PhD Bagian Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Topik  Ovarium  Oviduk Inflamasi  Uterus Neoplasia  Placenta  Glandula mammae Adenohipofisa Anterior:  Folicle Stimulating Hormon/FSH Betina: pertumbuhan dan perkembangan folikel ovarium  Luteinazing Hormon/LH Betina: pelepasan estrogen, progresteron dan ovulasi (pertumbuhan akhir dari folikel, FSH tanpa LH tidak akan terjadi ovulasi) Adenohipofisa Anterior: Siklus Estrus: Ovarium Ovary/Ovarium:  Kombinasi exocrine (produksi ova) dan endocrine gland (produksi hormon: estrogen dan progresteron)  Perkembangan folikel ovarium (folikel primer sampai dengan folikel tertier/Graafian follcles)-- FSH, estrogen  Ovulasi - LH surge- oocytes diameter 150-300 um tergantung pada spesies Ovary/Ovarium:  Folikel primer: primer oocyte, dikelilingi satu lapis sel epitel squamous atau epitel cuboid, diameter oocyte 20 um  Folikel sekunder: dilapisi oleh stratified epithelium dari sel granulosa, diameter oocyte 80 um, membran plasma oocyte dilapisi lapisan glikoprotein - zona pellucida Ovary/Ovarium:  Folikel Tertier: Graafian folikel adanya perkembangan central cavity (anthrum/ f) Anthrum terbentuk cairan mengisi celah sel granulosa Diameter oocyte 150-300 um Ovary/Ovarium: Sapi Kuda Perubahan Patologis Ovarium  Developmental anomalies  Faktor hormonal/ Lesions related to cyclic changes  Luka atau infeksi pada atau diluar dari ovarium/ Aquired ovarian lesions  Ovarial neoplasia (germ cells dan gonadal stromal cells) Perubahan Patologis Ovarium Developmental anomalies Hypoplasia Ovary  Beberapa species ( terutama cattle)  Ovarium ukuran kecil, tanpa folikel  Bilateral, non simetris  Mikroskopik: tidak ditemukan ova atau kalaupun ada perkembangan tidak normal Perubahan Patologis Ovarium Developmental anomalies Vascular harmatomas  Incidencial finding pada spesies bovine, porcine equine  A dark red mass on the surface of ovary and composed of connective tissue and vascular channels line by mature endothelial cells Perubahan Patologis Ovarium Developmental anomalies Cysts  Paraovarian cyst -- in the mesovarium adjancent to the ovary  Development anomalies or lesion related to cyclic changes  Note: cysts of ovarian: intraovarian (cystic follicles, luteal cyst cystic corpus luteum, anovulatory cyst); paraovarian (bursal cyst, serosal inclusion cyst) - Mc. Gavin table 18.2 (1277) Ovary cyst skema Ovary Cyst:  Cyst: rongga berisi cairan yang sifatnya permanen  Monocystic atau polycystic  Ada 3 tipe cyst: neoplastic, gonadal stromal, non-gonadal stromal  Gejala:tidak ada ovulasi, anestrus, dan tidak ada corpus luteum, tidak seimbang FSH dan LH Ovary Cyst:  Makroskopik: cyst berisi cairan bening atau kemerahan (balon yang diisi air)  Mikroskopik: ruang kosong yang dilapis satu lapis sel epithelium Macam Ovarial Cyst: Non-ovulasi Follicular cyst: Degenerasi ovum, sel granulasa atau berkurang, cyst dengan satu lapis epitelium Sekresi FSH >>> LH Faktor predisposisi: genetik, strain (sapi FH), ransum protein tinggi Luteal Cyst: Dinding cyst mengalami luteinasi Gangguan fungsi hipofisis Sekresi estrogen yang terus menerus -- pyometra Macam Ovarial Cyst: Ovulasi Cystic Corpus luteum: Cyst dengan dinding tebal dari jaringan yang mengalami luteinasi Berisi cairan jernih Siklus estrus normal, tanda estrus sukar dilihat (ovulasi tanpa tanda- tanda birahi=silent heat) Cystic Corpus Luteum: Perubahan Patologis Ovarium/ Aquired Ovarian Lesions  Oophoritis (radang ovary)-- domestic animals (rare)  Experimental IBR (bovine herpes virus 1/BHV-1) -- necrotizing oophoritis in postestrus cow - viremia  Makroskopic:hemorrhagic CL, cloudy fibrous fluid fills some follicles  Microscopic: focal necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and diffuse hemorrhage in the ovary and stroma  BVD - vertically and horizontally transmitted virus responsible for - mild to fatal enteric diseases, reproductive failure, localize in bovine oocytes and cumulus cells -- chronic oophoritis --- posibble transmission from cow to fetus Perubahan Patologis Ovarium/ Aquired Ovarian Lesions  Ovarian bursal adhesion-- a retained placenta after parturition, physical trauma after manipulations of the ovary  Epithelial inclusion cyst-- common in mare -- infertility (ovary epithelium) Perubahan Patologis Ovarium/Lesions Related to the Cyclic Changes  Hemorrhage follicles (calves), hemorrhage into cystic follicles (bitch)  Small amount hemorrhage - normal at the time of ovulation in all species  Mare- normal condition- much blood is present in the cavity of follicle - corpus hemorrhagicum  Abnormal condition- extensive hemorrhage -ovarian hematoma - hemoperitonium - blood clot - adhesions between the ovary and fimbria of uterine tube or ovarian bursa - infertility Perubahan Patologis Ovarium/Lesions Related to the Cyclic Changes  Atretic follicles  Normal condition in most cases -only one or small number follicles is destined to mature  Seasonal anestrus and pregnancy (except mare)  Abnormal condition: part of diseases process - interferes of pituitary responses to GnRH -- development of follicles - arrested at any stage- ovum undergoes apoptosis- granulosa cells pyknotic, vacuolated.  Follicle persist as a cyst or is infiltrated by macrophages and fibrous connective tissues -- scar -infertility Perubahan Patologis Ovarium/Lesions Related to the Cyclic Changes  Cystic ovarian (graafian) follicles, follicular cysts (important in cow and sow)  Cow -- cystic ovarian degeneration (COD)  Prolongation of the postpartum interval to first estrus (days-open), deficiency LH or LH receptor in the ovary, higher concentration of progresterone, stress (ACTH or cortison inhibits GnRH release from hypothalamus- prevent up- regulation oh LH in the ovary) Ovarial Tumour:  Histogenesis:  Germ cell  Gonadal stromal Ovarial Tumour:  Germ cell tumour: Dysgerminoma  Pada anjing, babi dan sapi  Solid tumor dengan area hemoragi dan nekrosis  Mitotic rate tinggi, jarang metastasis Teratomas  Totipotential primordial germ cell  Benign tumour, kecuali pada anjing  Tumor terdiri dari: folikel rambut, glandula sebasea, epitel skuamus yang mengalami keratinisasi (dermal compartment) Ovarial Tumour:  Gonadal Stromal Tumour: Granulosa cell tumor  Pada hewan besar (sapi)  Unilateral, smooth surfaced, bulat, diameter 20-30 cm  Solid cystic atau polycystic berisi cairan merah kecoklatan  Malignat pada kucing dan anjing Note: stromal tumour menghasilkan steroid hormone: pada kuda menyebabkan terjadinya anestrus, nymphomania; pada anjing prolonged estrus dan lesi yang dihubungkan dengan produksi progresterton: cystic endometrial hyperplasia dan pyometra Ovarial Tumour: Granulosa cell tumor Ovarial Tumour:  Papillary Ovarium carcinoma (a)  Malignat, Anjing a (b)  Metastasis (b) ke omentum dan peritoneum (kontak langsung melalui ruang b abdomen) Oviduct Oviduct:  Tersusun dari epitel columner atau pseudostratified columner dengan motile cilia (membentuk lipatan mukosa dan sub mukosa), lapisan otot longitudinal  Tortous structure  ovarium ke uterus (uterine horn)  Fungsi: convey ova, spermatozoaa, zygot Salphingitis:  Radang pada oviduct  Penyebab: infeksi bakteri, bersifat aseden  Makroskopik: kebengkaan pada oviduct dan lumen berisi eksudat radang  Mikroskopik: infiltrasi sel radang netrofil pada lumen oviduct dan tunika submukosa Salphingitis: a b Note: -- akumulasi sel radang pada lumen (a), dan submukosa (b) Referensi Carlton, WW and Mc Gavin MD. 1995. Thomson’s Special Veterinary Pathology. Reproductive System: Female. 2nd Edition. Mosby publishing. 512-537 Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. Mc Gavin, Zachary JF (2007), Mosby Elsevier, China pp 3-16

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser