Sexual Health Issues and Infections PDF

# Go and Learn ## What are the issues that affect sexual health? Infertility is one of the common sexual health disorders. There are some couples who are still not blessed with a child even after being married for a long time. Another disorder refers to reproductive system diseases, such as breast...

# Go and Learn ## What are the issues that affect sexual health? Infertility is one of the common sexual health disorders. There are some couples who are still not blessed with a child even after being married for a long time. Another disorder refers to reproductive system diseases, such as breast, cervical, and testicular cancer. These types of diseases are not yet curable but can be prevented. Other sexual health issues are early pregnancy among teenagers, birth control, sexual dysfunction, and gynecologic disorders like premenstrual syndrome and vaginal inflammation. ## What is infertility? Infertility is the inability to have children. The reproductive system is important for pregnancy. If anyone in the couple is infertile, they cannot produce an offspring. Infertility may occur in both male and female, which can be a hindrance for a healthy sexual relationship. ## What are the factors affecting infertility? ### Factors that Influence Infertility 1. **Heredity** is the transmission of traits or biological characteristics from parent to child. A person who is inborn infertile has no chance of producing offspring. 2. **General factors** - Diseases on the adrenal gland may cause the person to become infertile. The adrenal gland produces chemical substances called adrenaline for energy production. ## What are the problems in human sexuality? ### Divorce and separation Divorce and separation is a problem among couples when they cannot manage well their relationship as husband and wife. Family relationships may change because parents decide to separate either temporarily or permanently. Separation and divorce creates stress in a family. Each family member is affected in some way. Many people believe that younger children are affected the most. Most successful couples have love and respect to each other. Love and respect are the main ingredients for a long-lasting relationship. ### Cancer Cancer is another problem on sexuality especially breast and testicular cancer. Cancer refers to any disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of useless abnormal cells. Cancer cells form a mass of tissue called malignant tumor. The tumor has no sheath or membrane enclosing it; thus, the cancer cells invade the surrounding tissue. On the other hand, a benign tumor is a mass of tissue formed from non-cancerous cells. It is enclosed within a sheath so it does not spread to nearby tissues. The danger of cancer is when the normal tissues are invaded and destroyed. This occurs as the cancer cells grow out into the neighboring tissues and carried elsewhere in the body. The spread of cancer cells all throughout the body parts is called metastasis. ### Testicular cancer Testicular cancer is also a threat to men that develops when there is an abnormality in the testicles. Early detection of testicular cancer greatly improves the likelihood of successful treatment. ### Breast cancer Breast cancer is a major threat to women who are obese, and only got pregnant when they were older than 30. Breast cancer occurs mostly in women who drink alcohol, even in moderate amounts. X-rays of the breast that detect cancer is called mammogram. ### Some suggestions to prevent cancer: - Do not smoke and drink alcohol. - Protect your body from the sun's ultraviolet radiation. - Avoid carcinogens in the workplace such as asbestos, coal tars, and food additives. - Eat high-fiber foods such as whole-grains of bread, cereals, fruits, and vegetables. - Avoid fatty foods in your diet. - Eat foods rich in vitamins A and C. - Exercise regularly and maintain normal weight. - Have a regular medical check up. # Transmitted Infections ## On Your Mark **Objectives:** - Compare and contrast the four types of infectious diseases - Discuss the signs, symptoms, and effects of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - Enumerate steps in the prevention and control of STDs. - Follow government policies in the prevention and control of HIV and AIDS ## Get Set ### Outline **STIs** - Types of STIs - Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment of STIs **AIDS/HIV** - Definition of AIDS/HIV - Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention of AIDS/HIV - Laws and Policies - RA 8504 - RA 7719 Study the picture below. Can you identify the kind of disease one of the women in the picture experiences? **Ma’am, I am suffering from painful urination.** **Liza, what is happening to you? It seems that you have frequent urination.** List down possible diseases: ## What are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)? STIs or "sexually transmitted infection" are infections passed or transmitted from person to person through sexual contact or intercourse. There are four common STDs. The chart below shows the usual symptoms, transmission and causes of sexually transmitted diseases. ### Four Common Sexually Transmitted Infections | **Infection** | **Cause** | **Transmission** | **Usual Symptoms** | **Treatment** | |---|---|---|---|---| | **Chlamydia** | Bacterium | Sexual contact. Newborns: passage through infected birth canal | Females : Painful urination, abnormal discharge from the vagina, bleeding between menstrual periods, abdominal pain. Often, no symptoms. Males: Unusual watery discharge from penis, painful urination, swollen or tender testicles, fever. Newborns: eye and lung infections. | Infected persons and their sexual partners must be tested and treated with antibiotics. Sexual activity must be avoided until the disease is cured. | | **Genital Herpes** | Virus | Contact with blister or with viruses shed by an infected person with no blisters apparent. | Cluster of tender, painful blisters, swollen glands, fever, achy feeling. Newborns: varies from mild symptoms to brain damage and death | |