Readings Module 3 The Visayas Group of Regions PDF

MODULE 3. The Visayas Group of Regions Coverage 3.1 Overview of Visayas Group of Islands 3.2 Region 6 (Western Visayas Region) 3.3 Region 7 (Central Visayas Region) 3.4 Region 8 (Eastern Visayas Region) Teacher’s note: Open folder “Maps,” then open file labeled “Philippine Political Map – Original.” For regional and provincial map that gives you regional and provincial boundaries, open file labeled, “Philippine regional and provincial map.” These maps should be your constant companions as you navigate thru all the modules. As future tourism professional, you need to be familiar with the locations of the different tourist attractions of the country in order for you to be able to properly guide your clients, and help you create different tour itineraries for them. It is one thing to be able to memorize the regions, provinces, and the attractions situated therein, but to be able to locate them accurately on an outline map is another. Hence, map reading exercises are an essential part of the activities in the last three modules of this course. DISCLAIMER: The reading materials and videos provided are for public fair use and purely for educational purposes only. No copyright infringement intended. Credit goes to the owner of these materials. OVERVIEW OF VISAYAS ISLAND Visayas is the smallest among the three geographical divisions and it is located in between Luzon and Mindanao. It has a total area of 61,077 square kilometers. It is composed of 5 main islands namely; Samar, Panay, Negros, Cebu and Leyte and has outlying islands of Biliran, Bohol, Guimaras and Siquijor. Visayas region has different kinds of terrain. Eastern Visayas has a high peaked mountain and low rugged hills, while Central Visayas terrain is characterized by highland narrow coastal strips land and a plateau which is engaged in agriculture. There are also other famous terrains found in Visayas, these are Chocolate Hills in Bohol, it has more or less 1268 hills, and Mt. Kanlaon the 9th highest peak in the Philippines. Other notable mountains are Mt. Madja-as of Panay Island and Mt. Cernos del Negros of Negros Island. Visayas Islands also has plains and most of it is sugar cane fields, rice fields and various agricultural products. Visayas is bounded by the Philippine Sea on the east, west by Sulu Sea, north by Sibuyan Sea, south by Bohol Sea and Visayan Sea at the upper center and Camotes Sea at the lower center. Summary of regions comprising Visayas, their provinces and capitals: REGION VI WESTERN VISAYAS REGION Regional Capital: Bacolod City Province Capital AKLAN - Kalibo ANTIQUE - San Jose CAPIZ - Roxas City GUIMARAS - Jordan ILOILO - Iloilo City NEGROS OCCIDENTAL - Bacolod City REGION VII CENTRAL VISAYAS REGION Regional Capital : Cebu City, Cebu Province Capital BOHOL - Tagbilaran City CEBU - Cebu City NEGROS ORIENTAL - Dumaguete City SIQUIJOR - Siquijor REGION VIII EASTERN VISAYAS REGION Regional Capital : Tacloban City, Leyte Province Capital BILIRAN -Naval EASTERN SAMAR - Borongan NORTHERN SAMAR - Catarman SAMAR ( Western Samar) - Catbalogan City LEYTE - Tacloban City SOUTHERN LEYTE - Maasin City TOPIC: WESTERN VISAYAS REGION (REGION VI) Western Visayas Region is composed of six provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo and Negros Occidental with a total land area of 20,223.2 square kilometers. The region is located at the central Philippines and it is surrounded by Visayan Sea on the east, Cuyo East Pass by west, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon by north, and Negros Oriental by south. The region’s land resources are dedicated to agriculture. Sugar canes covers the greater part area of Negros Occidental and irrigated palay or rain-fed in the province of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo, Negros Occidental and Guimaras. The region is also dedicated on producing large variety of marine, fishery and aquaculture products which made them the country’s major exporters of prawn, tuna, and other fish products. The region is also rich in mineral and non-mineral resources such as copper, iron, and pyrite. The ports and airports are well-kept to facilitate and accommodate the inflow and outflow of commodities of the region. The deep natural harbor of Iloilo is the potential gateway of the region. The Island of Boracay and Guimaras are the major tourist destinations because of their natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. PROVINCE: AKLAN Capital: Kalibo Brief History In 13th century, ten Bornean datus, together with their families, fled the vindictive rule of the Bornean king, Sultan Makatunaw. They landed on the bank of Sirawakan River in 1250 using “balangays” or ships. After they arrived, the leader of the expedition, Datu Puti made contact with the Atis and asked if the latter’s people would be willing to move into the hinterlands. The black skinned and the aborigines of Panay Island, Marikudo the king and Maniwang the Queen welcomed the new comers. They settled an agreement. The price of the land was gold suduk (wide-brimmed helmet), pure gold necklace, colored clothes, decorated arms and fanciful trinkets. The historic sale or Barter of Panay was sealed by a splendid banquet attended by the Atis and the Bornean peoples. Everybody had a happy celebration; feasting, dancing and singing. The festivity is commemorated every year, during the flourishing season of mangoes, or at about the same time of the year when the purchase was consummated. In later years, when the Ati descendants of Marikudo withdrew to the mountains, the settlers chose to perpetuate the celebration. In the absence of the Atis, some of the settlers tarnished themselves with dirt to simulate the Atis. Thus, from then on, the celebration that has withstood the tests of centuries came to be known as the Ati-atihan Festival. The island of Panay was divided into three “sakups” or districts: Irong-Irong which is now Iloilo; Hantik which is now Antique; and Aklan under Datu Bangkaya. These three sakups were united for mutual protection against enemy attacks into one union called “Confederation of Madya-as” under the lordship of Datu Sumakwel who was the oldest and wisest of the ten Bornean datus. Capiz is a territory of Aklan. Aklanons wanted to be separated to Capiz and fondly aspire to have an independent province. On April 25, 1956, Republic Act 1414 was signed stating the separation of Aklan and Capiz. On November 8, 1956, Aklan was inaugurated as a province. Aklan has a total land area of 1,817.9 square kilometers and is bounded by Tablas Strait by northeast, east by Sibuyan Sea, Antique by west and Capiz by south. The province uses four dialects which are; Aklanon, Ilongo, English and Tagalog. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Museo It Akean (Museum of Aklan) A storehouse of antiques dug up in Aklan, which trace the province’s cultural heritage. Exhibited here are artifacts that attest to the rich history of Aklan and the masterpieces of Aklanon artists. It is located at Marcelino St. Kalibo, Aklan. Aklan Freedom Shrine This is a tribute to Aklanon descendants. Nineteen (19) Aklanon are the first Katipunaneros outside Luzon who gave their lives to the altar of patriotism. The 19 steps adorning the monument contain the mortal remains of the 19 martyrs of Aklan and atop is the figure of General Francisco del Castillo, the leader of Katipunan revolutionaries in Aklan. Ignito Cave This is located at Barangay. Tigum, Buruangain Aklan. Ignito Cave is also known as Elephant Cave due to its appearance. This and other nearby caves are managed by the San Lorenzo Ruiz Farm Eco-Tourism Cooperative. The cave features beautiful limestone formation of stalagmites, stalactites and other crystalline structures abound. It has a "skylight" in one of its chambers that lets in a soft glow of light at noontime. Agnaga Falls Aganaga is a mini falls located at Barangay Kabulihan. It offers pristine cold water. This is a great place to cool down for summer. Jawili Falls It is located at Barangay Jawili, Tangalan in Aklan. Jawili falls has seven basins tiered about 20-feet apart with clear and fresh water, a great place for bathing. Tigwati-an Island Tigwati-an Island is also known as Crystal Cove, though there is no crystal can be found in this island. The owners of the island were enthralled with the crystal clear waters inside the caves. Hence, they named the resort Crystal Cove Island. This place offers shells of varying sizes and kind lie on its predominantly white sand beach and Caves with interesting crystalline formations abounds. Boracay Island Boracay, the paradise island in the Philippine is situated within the Panay Island. It is a premier tourist destination of local and foreign visitors. It is also known as one of the most beautiful beaches in the world. The island of Boracay is famous for its sugary white sand, ultra clear waters and beautiful surroundings. It has first class hotels and restaurants. It has two primary beaches, the White Beach and Bulabog Beach. Both are located on the opposite sides of the island’s narrow central area. White Beach faces westward and Bulabog Beach faces eastward. It also offers a ray of fun activities such as scuba diving, wind surfing, kayaking, surfing, biking trekking, sailing and many more. This Island has a total area of 1083 hectares. Festivals Ati-atihan Festival (3rd Sunday of January) - Originally a celebration of flourishing season of mangoes and a purchase of land by the Bornean to the Atis - honors Santo Niño for the Christianity of the locals - Filipino mardi gras - Participants are in mire color that represents Atis - Also features street food festival and agro-industrial trade fair Nabas Bariw Festival (May 12-15) - Commemoration of the feast day of St. Isidore - showcases the town’s Finest Hat, Mat and other Bariw products - features street dancing by folks dress in colorful Bariw Costumes accompanied by indigenous bamboo instruments which is a unique experience Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine - Kalibo is one of the prime producers of Piña cloth or also known as “queen of Philippine fabrics”. It is weaved from its unique basic wooden or bamboo handloom that changed little from eight centuries ago. - The province also produces abaca products such as; place mats, bags, wall decors and fans. Aside from piña cloth and abaca, Aklan has a pottery-making industry in the town of Lezo. PROVINCE: ANTIQUE Capital: San Jose de Buenavista Brief History A bornean datu, Datu Sumakwel established a permanent settlement in what they called “Hamtic”, after the large ants, lantic-lantic. In Spanish era, Antique was administered from Iloilo and remained the backwater colony. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi transferred his headquarters from Cebu to Panay. Encomiendas were established in Hamtic in the 1570’s. In 1581, the Augustinians set up a mission in Hamtik, establishing the first church in Antique. By 1790, Antique was recognized as politico-military unit. The Spanish recorded Hantic as “Hantique” then letter “h” was dropped and became Antique. In American Era, Antique became a province through Act. 2711 on March 10, 1917. Antique is bounded on the northeast by Aklan, Capiz by east, Iloilo and Cuyo East Pass on the west, and by South China Sea on the south. It has a total land area of 252.2 square kilometers. The Antiquenos use two major dialects, Hiniray-a and Hiligaynon. The locals can understand English and other Visayan dialects. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Aniyni-y Church This is a massive white coral building located in poblacion Anini-y. It was first erected between 1630 and 1635 and a second longer structure was built in 1845. In 1878, Fray Jeronimo Vaquerin replaced the second church with a new masonry. The church was almost finished in the outbreak of the revolution against Spain in 1898. EBJ Freedom Park This is in honor for the late Governor Elevio B. Javier who was been assassinated on February 11, 1986 while defending freedom and democracy from the forces of martial law. The park is located in front of the Provincial Capitol of Antique. Nogas Island Nogas Island is a 24 hectare marine reserve approximately 3 kilometers off the coast of Anini-y, Antique on the southern tip of Panay Island. This unoccupied island is accessible via a 15-20 minutes pump boat travel from the coastline and is surrounded by flourishing mangroves and white sand beaches. Nogas Island has magnificent marine life with colorful coral reefs and a variety of species of fishes even at shallow waters. There are more island attractions that can be found in Antique such as: o Mararison Island - A long stretch of white sand beach ideal for beachcombing, spear fishing and presence of "pitcher plant" noted. o Batbatan Island - A mound of soft greenery, an attraction to scuba divers and it has a natural coves, anchorages and white sand beaches. o Caluya Island - White sand beaches and clear water best for scuba diving and spear fishing. o Semirara Island - Part of Caluya. Has the second largest deposit of coal in the Philippines; a bird sanctuary, ideal for horseback riding. Bugtong Bato Waterfalls It is located at the town of Tibiao. To reach the falls there will be a short hike along murmuring streams and hidden rice terraces. This place is ideal for picnics and bathing. There are more falls that can be found in Antique such as: o Kipot Falls - 7-basin falls in Culasi o Kalamsag Falls o Igpasungaw Falls Festivals Binirayan Festival (April) - commemoration of the landing of the 10 Malay Datus in Maladog, Hamtic, Antique - Binirayan from the word “biray” or boat ride literally means a place where the boats dock - Celebrated every last week of April Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The province is famous for its “patadyong”, a colorful native fabric. It is one of a kind in Visayas and well- known throughout the island. PROVINCE: CAPIZ Capital: Roxas City Brief History (This is also related to Aklan’s history.) In 1570, Datu Bankaya’s wife of the Aklan district gave birth to twin daughters. “Kapid” is the local term for twin, and the Spaniards adopted the name Capiz from kapid as unintentionally miscommunicated to them by the natives. In 1942, the region was occupied by the Japanese troops and liberated in 1945 by the joint force of Filipino and American troops with Filipino guerillas from the defeated imperial forces during World War II. Capiz is a part of Aklan even before the pre-Hispanic settlement. In April 25, 1956 the two entities were separated by the Republic Act No. 1414. The province is located in the Western Visayas region, at the northeastern portion of the Panay Island, adjoining Aklan and Antique to the west, and Iloilo to the south and east. It faces the Sibuyan Sea to the north. Capiz has total land area of 2,633.2 square kilometers. Capisanon and Hiligaynon are the local dialects. They also use Tagalog and English for business purposes. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Manuel A. Roxas Shrine This is dedicated to the fifth president of the Philippines. It is a two-storey hardwood and stone house of the late president which is located at the city proper of Roxas in Capiz. Moro Towers In 1814, a half-torn stone structure was built to repel the invading Moros and Portuguese colonizers, and this is the Moro Towers. Pan-ay Church / Sta. Monica Church It was first built before 1698 and was destroyed by a typhoon. In 1774, it was rebuilt and destroyed again. The church was restored in the year 1884. The church of Sta. Monica is the home of the biggest bell in Southeast Asia. The church has 5-storey belfry that shelters the huge antique and surrounded by 8 smaller bells. The bell was cast from 76-sacks of coins donated by the townspeople. It has a diameter of 7-feet and weighs 10.4 tons. The bell was completed in 1878. It bears an inscription which translated: "I am God's voice which shall echo praise from one end of the town of Pan-ay to the other, so that Christ's faithful followers may enter this house of God to receive heavenly graces." Suhot Cave It is actually a series of interconnected caverns of different sizes. The cave's vaulted entrance is a pool of clear, ice-cold water fed by a rock spring from within the cave. Suhot is believed to have a connecting tunnel to the Badiang Cave since both caves are found in the same mountain only 6 km apart from each other although Badiang is on a higher elevation. On the other hand, entrance to Badiang is hidden by dense jungle. This is situated in Dumalag, Capiz and only 300 meters away from the provincial road. Tucad Reef Tucad is a Submarine islet of shells and corals topped with thin layers of sand. The whole island emerge s and with it, shells and corals of different colors during low tide and during high tide can still be seen under the clear water. Tucad Reef is accessible by a pump boat or on foot during low tides. Baybay Beach It is a gray-sand beach 3-kilometer away from city proper of Roxas. The fact is the gray sand could absorb heat and maintain it until sunset to keep the beach water warm in the night, makes night swimming a healthy experience and soon a hard habit to break. Dumalag Church This church was built in 1872 and is 200 feet long and 50 feet wide. The walls are 3 feet thick and made of yellow sandstones. The 5-storey belfry contains 5 bells of different sizes, all made in 1881. Festivals Sinadya sa Halaran (December) - commemoration of the feast of the patroness of Roxas City which is the Immaculate Concepcion - it literally means "Joy in Sharing and Thanksgiving" - features fireworks, grand parade, fluvial processions, fair and food festival, street dancing, and exhibits Hil-o-hanay Festival (24th of June) - manifestation of culture inherent to Sigma as a cultural expression of symbiosis Tilibyugan Festival (26th of July) - honor of Saint Anne, the patron saint of Sapi-an, Capiz - Features playground demonstration, Sad-sad, professional night and pageantry. Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Capiz is known as the "Seafood Capital of the Philippines". Farming and fishing are the main sources of income of the people. Its primary agricultural raw products are rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, banana and cut flower. Capiz is also one of the country’s suppliers of prawn and milk fish, blue marlin, squid, oysters, shrimp, seaweed, squid and angel wings. Other products of the province are “bulad” or dried fish, ornaments made of the famous capiz shell such as; lanterns, lamp shades, window pane, chandeliers, curtains, picture panels, frames and different indoor and outdoor decorations. PROVINCE: GUIMARAS Capital: Jordan Brief History In pre-Spanish era, Guimaras is known as Himal-us. During Spanish era, the beautiful island was struck by Spaniards headed by Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa then Christianization started to spread. They organized the pueblocitos or villages of Nayup with San Pedro Apostol as the patron saint and Igang whose patron saint was Santa Ana. In 1742, the island fell under the authority of Dumangas until 1751 when the Jesuits replaced the Augustinian Order. Then the Dominicans took over Guimaras. During American Era, Guimaras first gained status as a sub province of Iloilo by virtue of Republic Act No. 4667. On May 22, 1992, Guimaras was then proclaimed as a regular and full-fledged province Guimaras is located between Panay and Negros islands. It is bordered by Guimaras Strait on the northeast, Iloilo Strait by northwest and Panay Gulf by South. It is composed of five municipalities consisting of 98 barangays and it has a total land area of 604.57 square kilometers. Hiligaynon is the major language of the local residents of some barangays in Jordan and Nueva Valencia. They also speak Kinaray-a. English and Tagalog are spoken and understood by the majority of the people in the island. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Guimaras Adventure Park It’s a 28-hectare park, ideal place for team building, leadership training, company outings, camping or just plain fun. Guisi Lighthouse It was built by the Spanish government in 1894 to 1896 as part of the Master Plan for the lighting of the Maritime Coasts of the Philippine Archipelago. Ave Maria Islet Ave Maria Islet is a white sand beach located in front of Sitio Lusay where the Marine Reserve Area of Jordan is located. There are no available overnight cottages or picnic huts in this area. This place is good for excursion, swimming, and snorkeling. Sea Turtle Temporary Feeding and Caring Station It is a floating cage of sea turtles that people could view and touch the real sea turtle. After a few months or a year, these are tagged and freed in the sea. The station accepts donation from visitors for maintenance purposes. Sea Turtle Temporary Feeding and Caring Station is a community project of Barangay Lawi Tourism Council which aims to preserve the endangered Olive Ridley & Hawksbill sea turtles or pawikan that are nesting on the beach area of Barangay Lawi. Balaan Bukid Shrine This is famous during Lenten season. People flock to the church for pilgrimage on the 14 stations of Jesus Crucifixion. It was discovered by an Italian priest in 1956. The church enshrined the image of Jesus and child which was designed by a leper patient. Daliran Cave This is located in Old Poblacion, Buenavista, Guimaras. It has abundant stalactites and stalagmites formed by years of dripping waters from the dome of the cave. Festivals Manggahan Festival (April) - annual province-wide event - showcases its various products, tourism destinations, and beaches Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The products of the province are palay, coconut, cashew, vegetables, citrus, camote, corn, cassava, legumes, livestock, and poultry and fishery products. Guimaras exports its famous product which is mango. There are also different products from mango such as; dried mango, juice and mango ketchup. PROVINCE: ILOILO Capital: Iloilo City Brief History Irong-Irong is the old name of Iloilo. In early 1855, Iloilo opened the world trade and became the biggest port in the Philippines. It is also became the premier province of the country because of the different economic activities. In 1893, Municipio de Iloilo became a city by the Bancura Law. Americans arrived in Iloilo port on December 28, 1898. On April 11, 1901, Iloilo became the chief port and trading center of Panay and Negros. The surrounding towns of Lapaz, Karo Mandurriao, and Arevalo was incorporated in Iloilo City and inaugurated on August 25, 1937. It was dubbed as the “Queen City of the South”. Iloilo occupies the southern and northeastern part of Panay Island and it is surrounded by Capiz and Jintotolo Channel on the north, Guimaras Strait by south, Antique by west, Panay Gulf and Iloilo Strait by east. It has a total land area of 4,663 square kilometers. Hiligaynon or also known as Ilonggo is the main dialect spoken in Iloilo. English and Tagalog are also widely spoken and understood especially in urban areas. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Miag-ao Church This is also known as St. Thomas of Villanueva Parish. The Miag-ao Church is considered as one of the country’s architectural gems because of its unique and imposing designs, ornaments and motifs. It was built in 1797 with a Baroque-Romanesque style. Because of its unique style and architecture, the church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993. The Roman Catholic Church of San Joaquin This is the only militaristic church in the Philippines with a bass relief of the historic battle in Tetuan, South Africa. The church was built in 1869. St. Catherine of Alexandria of Leon This church has a Renaissance-Romanesque style and the biggest stone edifice in the entire Panay Island. It measures 100-feet in width and 300-feet in length. The church was built in 1869 using the rocks that were quarried from the adjacent hills of Ayabang in the north and Cabobogan in the south. Sta. Barbara Parish Church and Convent The Baroque-Renaissance church was built in 1849 and completed in 1855 by force labor or “repartimiento”. Men ages 16 and above were forced to work for days. People who are well-off were permitted to pay in cash instead of serving for 40 days. The main entrance is a semi-circular arch and both sides stood another arched niche. A carving of an Augustinian emblem toppled three identical windows. The interior reveals a spacious and large, devoid of any ill-placed pillars which cause obstruction of lighting and sound. The convent has a long and big two-storey building. The ground floor is made of bricks and “piedra sillen” while the second floor is of wood and steel. The roof is made of galvanized iron sheet and maintains its perfect condition even after 130 years. It also became a headquarters of General Martin Delgado and his forces in 1898 against the Spaniards and American forces. Isla de Gigantes This is a group of islands in the coast of Carles and Estancia in northern Iloilo. This place offers beautiful sceneries of Virgin Islands, white-sand beaches, colorful marine life and extraordinary land formations. There are no resorts or hotels in the area. Visitors wishing to spend a night usually ask permission from the locals to spend the night in their house. Agho Beach This beach provides serenity to families and couples who want to have bonding moments with each other. Also features fun activities such as; diving, boating, and snorkeling. Iloilo Golf and Country Club This is the oldest existing golf course in the Philippines. It was established in 1907 and popularly known as Sta. Barbara. It features the layout of hilly and rolling terrain with mature trees. It has a challenging 18 hole golf course (6,056 yards) carved in the hills of Sta. Barbara, Iloilo. Festivals Dinagyang Festival (4th Week of January) - in honor of Sto. Niño - thanksgiving for the divine providence - showcase of cultural craftsmanship punctuated by the dynamic and colorful street dances - it defines the interlink of traditions and art Salakayan Festival (1st Week of Febuary) - coined from a Hiligaynon term “salakay” or “ to attack” - it’s a street dance-drama that merges arts, lore and customs of the town - The main theme depicts the victorious battle waged by the locals against Muslim marauder - Also features Food Fair, Agro-industrial and Trade Fair, Fluvial Parade, Higante contest, Literary Musical contest, Evening Socials and the Hablon and Patadyong fashion show Hirinugyaw-Sugidadonay Festival (30th of January) - aims to preserve the culture of the Panay Bukdidnons, aborigines of the mountainous parts of Calinog - “Hirinugyaw”, is a Hiligaynon word meaning “merry making” and “Sugidadonay” is a term meaning “to engage in a conversation” - Highlights tribal dance competition Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Ilonggo flavours and its cuisine have numerous indigenous and foreign influences, an intriguing mixture of the familiar and exotic. Most of its ingredients invariably fresh and often sourced out from one’s backyard. Here are the famous llonggo foods. - Baye-baye – made of pinipig - Bandi - peanut-filled caramel candy - Lea’s Tinuom & Linagpang – savoury and aromatic chicken dishes - Sinakol & Suman sapay - rice and coconut-based posters - Fish tapa - Steamed blue crab - Pineapple wine and rice wine PROVINCE: NEGROS OCCIDENTAL Capital: Bacolod City Brief History The Negros Island was formerly called “Buglas”, an old native term that is thought to mean “cut-off”. It is believed that Negros was part of a greater mass of land but was cut- off either by what geologists call continental drift or by rising waters during glacial age. Atis are the first inhabitants of Negros. They were dark- skinned natives that belong to the Negrito ethnic group. In Spanish era, Spaniard called the island Negros after the black natives whom they saw first came in April 1565. Negros was placed under the jurisdiction of the governor of Oton in Panay. The island became a military district in 1734 and Ilog was made its first capital. Then, the seat of government was transferred to Himamaylan and in 1849 Bacolod became its capital. In 1890, Negros was separated into two; Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental. Negros Occidental is located in the western part of Negros Island. It is bounded by Visayan Sea on the north, Panay Gulf by west, Tanon Strait and Negros Oriental by east and Sulu Sea by south. The province has a total land area of 9,726.06 square kilometers. Negrenses main dialects are Hiligaynon or Ilongo and Cebuano. English and Tagalog are also widely spoken in the province. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Araneta and Lacson Monuments This is in memory of two great leaders of who led the revolution against Spain on November 5, 1898. It is 22 kilometers and 6 kilometers respectively from Bacolod City and located in Bago City and in the town of Talisay. Fountain of Justice This is where the Capitulation of Bacolod was signed between the Spanish authorities and revolutionary forces. It is located at the city of Bacolod. San Sebastian Church The coral stone church was built in 1876-1885. It features slender bell towers flanking the façade which give an eastern European look to the church. The entrance to the church is through a portico composed of three arches of equal dimensions. Adjoining the main door is a statue of the church builder Fr. Ferrero San Sebastian church interior is simple and pure, its pleasing look comes from its pleasing modulation of arches and pillars. In the church yard is a bell donated by Fr. Julian Gonzaga which was removed from belfry in 1976 during the centennial celebration of the church. The convent beside the church is a typical “bahay na bato”. Provincial Capitol The capitol building has a Romanesque neo-classical architectural design. The late National Artist Leandro Locsin referred the building as one of the most elegant in the Philippines. This is the official seat of the government of Negros Occidental. During Japanese occupation, it served as Headquarters of the Japanese Imperial Army. The Capitol Building is located in Bacolod City. Iron Dinosaurs Seven of the fifteen sugar centrals in the province uphold these machines in fine working condition. Each milling season, one may occasionally encounter one of these "dragons" creeping along the cane fields like a mechanical caterpillar dragging along a host of cane field cars. Steam locomotives or Iron Dinosaurs as we call them were used to transport harvested sugarcane from the fields to the sugar centrals for milling. Ancestral Houses Twenty-six (26) houses in Silay city have recently recognized as ancestral houses, strengthening the city's bid to become a museum city. Two (2) of these houses have been restored and turned into museums, both depicting the lifestyles of the Negrense elite at the turn of the century; the Balay Negrense and the Jalandoni Heritage House. Mambukal Mountain Resort This is the gateway to the Mt. Kanlaon National Park. Mambukal Mountain Resort is built in 1927 as a spa. It is located at an altitude of roughly 2,000-feet above sea level on the northwestern foot of mount kanlaon. The resort offers therapeutic sulfur springs, waterfalls, mountain streams, lush valleys and hiking trails leading up to Mt. Kanlaon. It has tourist room, cottages, camp grounds and swimming pools of clear mountain spring water. Isla Puti Isla is a sanctuary of lovers. The small island is best renowned for its sandy coastline. It was appropriately named as the Isla Puti or the White Island because it has the most spotless sand. This is 50 miles from Bacolod City. Festivals Panaad sa Negros Festival (April) - Annual celebration of Negros Occidental - Colorful presentation of jubilant presentation of individual festivals of 13 cities and 19 municipalities - Showcases history, arts and culture, trade and industry, and commerce and tourism Mudpack Festival (23rd-24th of June) - symbolic celebration of man’s return to primitive time when he was closer to nature - Highlights street dancing parade with the participants having mudpacks all over his/her body Masskara Festival (October) - Features food fairs, mask-making contests, brass band competitions, beauty and talent pageants, a windsurfing regatta, drinking and eating contests, trade fairs and exhibits - The term Masskara is coined from two words: mass, meaning crowd and the Spanish word cara,for face; thus the double meaning for "mask" and "many faces". - Smiling mask is the symbol of the festival Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The province is the major sugar producer in the Philippines. This is due to the massive sugar-growing area to the north and west region of the Negros Island. Sugar has many by- products such as acetylene, fertilizers and rum. References: Gatchalian-Badilla, Maria Criselda G. (2019). Philippine Tourism, Geography, and Culture, First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store. Claravall, B. (2013). Travel and Tour Operations in the Philippines, Third Edition. Manila: Accumicro Solutions. Libosada, C. (2010) Domestic Tourism, Manila: Anvil Publishing. So, Paul Lim (2012) Philippine Tourist Destinations, Second Edition, Manila: Accumicro I.T. Solutions. Yuson, Alfred A. (2013) Philippines: Islands of Enchantment, Manila: Tuttle Publishing Web Resources: www.tourism.gov.ph www.namria.gov.ph www.visitmyphilippines.com.ph www.nhcp.gov.ph www.ncca.gov.ph https://philippines.travel www.psa.gov.ph www.tpb.gov.ph www.heritage.org.ph www.ivanhenares.com http://www.boracayph.com/ http://www.boracay.nfo.ph/geography/ http://www.aklan.gov.ph/aklan_natives.php http://antique.gov.ph/ TOPIC: CENTRAL VISAYAS REGION (REGION VII) Specific Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson/topic, learners should be able to: 1. Identify the different access points and gateways (air, land, and sea) to and within Region 7; 2. Identify the major attractions (man-made, natural), accommodations, and unique cultural highlights and practices, including languages, dialects, festivals, gastronomy, industry, and crafts within Region 7; 3. Appreciate the historical highlights of the different provinces and other local government units (LGUs) within Region7; 4. Identify the provinces and attractions of Region 7 on an outline map; and 5. Create different travel itineraries that cover different types of tourism attractions and activities within Region 7 for different types of tourists; How to get there: Central Visayas Region is located in the center of the Philippines, between the two main islands, Luzon and Mindanao. It composed of the islands of Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor and the smaller Camotes group of islands, Bantayan and Panglao. It is bounded by the Visayas Sea on the north, Bohol Sea by south, Leyte by east and Negros Occidental by west. The topography is characterized by highlands with narrow coastal terrazzo of arable land. The region’s total land area is 14,951.5 square kilometers. The region is chiefly peopled by an ethno-linguistic group known as Cebuanos. The most commercial centers are the cities of Cebu, Dano, Toledo, Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu in Cebu, Dumaguete and Bais in Negros Oriental; and Tagbilaran in Bohol. Central Visayas has international airports and ports that service inter-island vessels and foreign ships and serve as off-loading center of foreign commodities and domestic trade. PROVINCE: BOHOL Capital: Tagbilaran City Brief History The name Bohol was apparently derived from the word “Bool”; this is the place where a treaty of friendship between two people of different races, culture, religion and civilization occurred in 1565. The treaty was between the native chieftain, Datu Sikatuna and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi that represents the king of Spain through a blood compact or also known as “Sandugo”. During Spanish era, Dagohoy Rebellion is considered as the longest revolt recorded in the archives of Philippine history, led by Francisco Dagohoy from 1744 lasting until the year 1829. Bohol was politically part of Cebu and was called residencia. On July 22, 1854, Bohol together with the island of Siquijor became a politico-military province. During World War II, Bohol was occupied by the Japanese forces and on April 11, 1945 Bohol was liberated by the help of the American forces. Bohol was created by the virtue of Act 2711 on March 1917. The oval-shaped island province is the 10th largest island in the Philippines. It has total land area of 4,117.26 square kilometers and it is bounded by Cebu on its northwest, Camotes Sea by north, Leyte by east, and the Island of Mindanao and Bohol Sea by south. The main dialect of the province is Boholano. English and Tagalog are also widely spoken and a little of Chinese language. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Chocolate Hills This is the most famous tourist attraction of Bohol. It has more or less 1268 hills. The hills are very uniform in shape and mostly between 30 and 50 meters high and covered with grass, which, at the end of the dry season, turns chocolate brown. The named was derived from the changing color from green to chocolate brown. There are developed resorts around the hills that offer a magnificent view of the hills, accommodation, conference rooms and restaurants. Baclayon Church This is considered as one of the oldest churches in the Philippines. It was erected in 1595 by the Spanish missionaries in the region, Fr. Juan de Torres and Fr. Gabriel Sanchez. The church was forced to move in Loboc because of the Moro marauders. Baclayon became a parish in 1717. The church was constructed by 200 natives by force labor. The church is made of coral stones cut into blocks and millions of egg whites. It was completed in 1727 and it also obtained a large bell in 1835. Next to the church is the old convent, which also houses a small museum with centuries-old religious relics, artifacts and other antiquities. Included in the collection are an ivory statue of the crucified Christ looking towards heaven; a statue of the Blessed Virgin, said to be presented by Queen Catherine of Aragon; relics of St. Ignatius of Loyola, old gold embroidered ecclesiastical vestments, books with water buffalo skin covers, and librettos of church music written in Latin on sheep skins. It also features the cuadro paintings made by the Filipino painter Liberato Gatchalian in 1859. The Church of Our Lady of Light This is the biggest church in Bohol. It was first constructed in 1753 and replaced by the current church in Ionic and Corinthian style. The building has two octagonal bell towers, and is fully symmetric. The church of Our Lady of Light is located in Loon, Bohol. Loboc Church It is also known as the church of San Pedro and considered as second to the oldest churches in Bohol. Loboc church was originally built in 1602 and in 1638 a stronger one was build. This is situated near the river and it survived a number of floods. The church features naive painting ceiling, Spanish coat of arms can be found in the stone wall, 100- meter bell tower, attached to the building is a three-storey church, which is today houses Museo de Loboc on the third floor. The museum showcases old statues of saint and some antique religious artifacts. Dauis Church This is situated in Panglao Island, not far from the bridge that connects Pangalo and Bohol. The church was built with a mixture of styles, influenced by both Byzantine and Romanesque architecture. Loboc River It is about 24-kilometers away from Tagbilaran City and located in the municipality of Loboc. There are floating restaurants with a lot of foods and entertainment on board. Most of the floating restaurants treat their guests with Boholano songs played by in-boat bands during the cruise. At the end of a cruise of Loboc River, the Busay Falls, this serves as the dead end that will take you back to where you started. Blood Compact / Sandugo Shrine This is where the blood compact or “sandugo”, a seal of friendship as part of the tribal tradition happened. It is located at Barangay Bool a few kilometers from Tagbilaran City. The bronze statue of Rajah Sikatuna, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and several other witnesses was created by national artist Napoleon Abueva. Panglao Island It is now the favorite destination of local and foreign tourists. They are lured to Panglao because of the white sand, the cool crystal blue waters, the world-famous surrounding dive sites, and the peaceful ambiance of the place. Philippine Tarsier and Wild Sanctuary In 1996, the Philippine Tarsier and Wildlife Sanctuary were established by Philippine Tarsier Foundation Inc. (PTFI). The Department of Environment and Natural Resource (DENR) issued a Memorandum of Agreement to the foundation to help find ways to conserve and to promote the tarsier of Bohol. It has an area of 167 hectares within the municipality of Corella, Sikatuna and Loboc. The Philippine Tarsier and Wildlife Sanctuary is mostly a secondary growth forest quite wide and largely uninhabited and isolated from settlements. Portions of the area are open and somewhat exposed yet greater part has lush vegetation mostly of second-growth trees, bamboo clumps, tall grass patches and thick bushes that tarsiers prefer. It also has a Tarsier Research and Development Center inside the sanctuary which features a visitor’s center complete with a reception and souvenir counter, an exhibition area, an audio-visual room, a mini- cafeteria, toilets, and administration offices. Festivals Ubi Festival (January) - institutionalizes the ubi crop as the agro-historical geographical-religious symbol of Bohol - Features an exhibit, ubi contest, an agri-business investment opportunities seminar Sandugo Festival (July) - annual festival of the province which commemorates the sandugo or blood compact - highlights of the festival are agro-industrial fair, cultural and historical showcase, sports events, a beauty pageant, balls and dances, entertainment shows, and street dancing which culminates with the re-enactment of the blood compact or Sandugo Bolibong Kingking Festival (May) - music and dance festivity depicting the history, folklore, and traditions of the Loboc, Bohol - Bolibong Kingking is a term applied to the drums and gongs and their rhythm used to accompany the supplication dance ritual in front of the Image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the second patron of Loboc - Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The island is famous for its delicacies such as: The Peanut Kisses - made out of peanuts and formed into a pastry that is shaped like a Hershey’s Kiss Bohol’s Bee farm’s honey Brojas - biscuits that are baked so super light that they melt in your mouth right away Calamay - a candy made of coconut milk and jam PROVINCE: CEBU Capital: Cebu City Brief History During pre-Spanish era, Cebu was already the center of trade that deals with the traders from China, Malaysia, India, Japan, Burma and other parts of Asia. The province has already a social structure even before the Spaniards came to the Island. A datu ruled the community, settled disputes, made decisions, protected his village from enemies led the battle, and received labor and tributes from his people. Ferdinand Magellan and his troops on board five ships arrived in Cebu in the summer of 1521. Magellan was not received well in the island, which later he was slain by Lapulapu, a local chieftain. In 1566, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu and it was the start of the transformation of the province into civilization under the Spaniards. Churches were built, priests ruled communities and watchtowers were scattered around the island to guard against Moro raids. American troops arrived in the archipelago before Philippine revolution started against Spain. United States sovereignty over the Philippines was declared. On February 7, 1900, Filipino-American war broke. During Japanese occupation, Cebu and the rest of the Philippines was become a part of World War II. The province of Cebu is situated 365-miles south of Manila and it is bounded on the east by the Camotes Sea, west by Tanon Strait, north by the Visayan Sea and southeast by the Bohol Strait. It has a total land area of 5,088 square kilometers. Cebu Province has a total population of more than 3.85 million. Cebuano is the native tongue while Filipino or Tagalog is commonly understood and spoken; the English language is widely used in business transactions and education. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral This is the ecclesiastical seat of the archdiocese of Cebu. On August 14, 1595, Cebu was established as diocese and was elevated to an Archdiocese on April 28, 1934. The church has a typical architecture and one of the baroque churches in the Philippines. The facade features a trefoil- shaped pediment which is decorated with carved relieves of floral motifs, an IHS inscription, a shell symbolizing baptism, and a pair of griffins. The topmost part of the trefoil pediment contains two statues representing Faith and Hope. The Spanish Royal Coat of Arms is emblazoned in mid-relief above the main entrance owing to the contribution of the Spanish monarch to its construction. Basilica Minore Del Santo Niño This is the first church and monastery that was established in the Philippines. It is the center of devotion of the oldest Christian representation in the country of Jesus as a child and king. One of the men of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi found in an unscathed house, a wooden statue of a child with European attributes. It is believed that it was an image of child Jesus left by Ferdinand Magellan. Legazpi ordered the construction of the church at the site where it was found. It was originally called San Agustin Church. In 1965, Pope Paul VI elevated to the rank of basilica minore in honor of the Santo Niño de Cebu. The church was finished in 1839 and it was made of cut coral stones which were said to be quarried from Panay Island while the wood was sourced from Talisay and Pitalo in Cebu. Yap-Sandiego House It was built in late 18 th century by Chinese merchants residing in Pari-an. At present, the house is a lifestyle museum that features antique furnishings, religious icons and statues, etc University of San Carlos The University of San Carlos traces its humble beginnings to Colegio de San Ildefonso, a school founded by Jesuit missionaries on August 1, 1595. In 1769, the school was closed when the Jesuits were expelled in the Philippines but it was reopened in 1783 as Seminario-Colegio de San Carlos de Cebu. In 1852, the Dominican handed the school and then to Vicentians in 1867 and SVD (Societas Verbi Divini or Society of Divine Word) Fathers took over in 1934. The class were interrupted during World War II but resumed in 1945. It was granted its university status in 1945. The university produced notable graduates like Christopher Go, a Filipino astronomer who discovered the red spot on Jupiter, John L. Gokongwei Jr., an industrialist tycoon and one of Asia’s richest, and Sergio Osmeña Sr, the second president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Magellan’s Cross This is the spot which believed to be the place where Ferdinand Magellan planted a cross upon arriving at the shores of Cebu. This site was improved by Fr. Juan Albarran, There is no proof that the cross inside the encasement is the same one that was planted by Ferdinand Magellan. Fort San Pedro Fort San Pedro is the smallest fort in the country. This is a fortification built upon the orders of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to protect the Spanish settlement that he founded in Cebu. It was first built on May 8, 1565 by wooden palisades while the present stone structure was dated in 1833. Fuente Osmeña It is a fountain built to commemorate to the completion of the Osmeña Waterworks system in 1912. This fountain symbolizes the progress of the city during the American colonial era. Malapascua Island This is a small island located at the northern tip of Cebu. Malapascua is known for its white sand beaches and unique dive sites. Camotes Island This island is also known as “the lost horizon in the south”, because of its unspoiled beauty. It is a group of island located east of Island Cebu. Beaches in Camotes Island have a sugary pristine white sand beach of crystal clear waters. Festivals Sinulog Festival (January) - One of the grandest and most colorful festival in the Philippines - In honor of Santo Niño - Features some the country’s most colorful displays of pomp and pageantry: participants garbed in bright- colored costumes dance to the rhythm of drums, trumpets, and native gongs. Karansa Festival (September) - Celebration of Danao City’s fiesta - Thanksgiving to Sto. Thomas de Villanueva - Karansa is a dance festival that shows joy and happiness by performing the four steps, the kikay, karag, kurung and karuhay Haladay Festival (August) - Celebrated in Daanbantayan, Cebu - In honor of St. Rose de Lima - Features pageantry, talent competition, street dancing and ritual showdown. Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The province is well-known for its specialties such as: - Dried mangoes - Lechon Cebu - Brojas - Otap - Danggit Cebu is also famous for its guitars. PROVINCE: NEGROS ORIENTAL Capital: Dumaguete City Brief History The Negros Island was formerly called “Buglas” an old native term that is thought to mean “cut-off”. It is believed that Negros was a part of a greater mass of land but was cut-off either by what geologists call continental drift or by rising waters during glacial age. Atis are the first inhabitants of Negros. They were dark- skinned natives that belong to the Negrito ethnic group. In Spanish era, Spaniard called the island Negros after the black natives whom they saw first came in April 1565. Negros was placed under the jurisdiction of the governor of Oton in Panay. The island became a military district in 1734 and Ilog was made its first capital. Then, the seat of government was transferred to Himamaylan and in 1849 Bacolod became its capital. In 1890, Negros was separated into two; Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental. Negros Oriental occupies the south-eastern part of Negros Island. It is bounded by the Visayan Sea on the north, Tanon Strait by east, Sulu and Mindanao Seas by south and Guimaras Strait by northwest. The province occupies 5,402.30 square kilometers. Negrenses main dialects are Hiligaynon and Cebuano. English and Tagalog are also widely spoken in the province. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Apo Island It is one of the world’s famous community-organized marine sanctuaries. The island has a fantastic rock formations scattered over the land, dazzling white sands and marine reserve. The island is located at the southeastern tip of Negros Island. Canlaon Volcano This is the highest point of Negros Island. It is the most active volcano in central Philippines. The volcano summit has two craters, lugad crater in the north and the active crater in the south and it is also a part of the Negros Volcanic Belt. The volcano has many recorded eruption. Canlaon Volcano is situated 36-kilometers southeast of Bacolod City Pulang Bato Falls It was named after the reddish colored rocks around the falls. A lot of people come to bathe for medicinal reasons. The whole area is rife with volcanic steam vents and sulfuric mud slides. Forest Camp The Camp is a 2.3 hectare resort positioned in an elevated town next Valencia. The town has a cool climate due to its elevated location. The adjacent areas features a lot of nature tourists spots such as lakes, hot and cold springs, mountain trekking including the Casarroro waterfalls. A river from the falls runs through the Forrest Camp. Dumaguete Belfry This was built to forewarn the locals of any incoming danger. It is the oldest bell tower in the Visayas and it is Dumaguete City’s famous landmark. The bell tower is located right next to the St. Catherine of Alexandria Cathedral. St. Catherine of Alexandria Cathedral It is the largest church in the city of Dumaguete. The bell tower and the church were built in the same year. The church is an extravagant display of traditional European architecture. Casaroro Falls The falls got its name from the phrase “Casa ni Roro” or “House of Roro”. It has a height of 100 feet, the fall’s water plunges into a deep chilly basin before it flows down to a stream. This can be reach by trekking. It is situated 9.4 kilometers west of Dumaguete City and this is considered as the most photographed waterfalls in the entire Negros province. Fil-Jap-Am Shrine The shrine has three sides which represents the three military forces. It became an object of yearly pilgrimage of Japanese and Filipino war veterans. This is located in Barrio Sabang which was the site of a fierce battle during World War II. Church of Saint Agustin of Hippo & Pipe Organ The church was built in 1866. It features oldest existing altar in the province, the pipe organ from Zaragosa which was installed by the Spaniards in 1894 and the church belfry which is considered as the tallest in Negros Oriental. It was also used as a look-out point for seafaring pirates who used to attack the village. Festivals Buglasan Festival (October) - The festival is named after the Negros Island’s beginning - Features street dancing - Celebrated in Dumaguete City Tawo-tawo Festival - Celebration of bountiful harvest - Tawo-tawo is a local scare crow that repels maya birds - Portrays the two elements of the fields; scare crows and maya bird - Features street dancing and agricultural presentation Kasadyaan Festival - The longest established festival in Negros Oriental - Highlights field presentation, pageantry and mardi gras Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Negros Oriental Arts and Heritage (NOAH) produce different handcrafted products and it is exquisitely inlaid with Philippines gemstones such as jade, agate, onyx, petrified wood, seashells, cave stone, mountain stone, fossils river stones and minerals. The products of (NOAH) were boxes and containers, candleholders, dining ware, fashion ware, office supplies, photo frames, pots and vases, wall décor and clocks. PROVINCE: SIQUIJOR Capital: Siquijor Brief History This province was called “Isla de Fuego” by the Spaniards because of the swarms of fireflies found in the island. While “Katugasan” is the native name of the province, it is derived from the molave tree that covers the hills. The original inhabitants of Siquijor came from Cebu, Bohol and other adjacent islands and they were called “Siquijodnons”. Siquijor was founded in 1783 under the administration of secular clergymen. It became the first municipality as well as the first parish to be established on the island under the Cebu Diocese. Siquijor was under the Bohol province and on January 19, 1892, the island was joined to the province of Negros Oriental through Decree of Union by Governor General Weyler. Then, in 1901 it became sub- province of Negros Oriental under Lieutenant Governor James. By virtue of Republic Act No. 6398, Siquijor became an independent province in 1971. In 1972 through a plebiscite held on November 8, 1971, the capital was officially transferred from Larena to Siquijor and it was confirmed through Proclamation No. 1075. The island province is bounded by Cebu and Negros on the northwest, northeast by Bohol and south by Bohol Sea. It has a total land area of 337.49 square kilometers. Cebuano is the main dialect of Siquijor while Tagalog and English are widely used and understood. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions St. Isidore Church and Convent The church was built in 1884 and finished in 1891 by the supervision of Fray Toribio Sanchez. It was made-up of indigenous coral stones and local hardwood. This is spacious and probably the oldest and biggest in the Philippines and whole Asia, it measures 42 by 38 meters. Salagdoong Beach This is a romantic hideaway in Maria, Siquijor. It features fine white sand and a nearby islet providing a good vatage point of the beachfront. Kagusuan Beach This beach was known because of its picturesque seascape and rock formation. It is located below a cliff and accessible by a concrete staircase. Mt. Bandilaan Nature Park This mountain is rich in flora and fauna. It located at the middle of the province in the towns of Siquijor and Lazi. The park also has several caves, natural springs, a shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes and the Way of the Cross up to the top of the mountain. Cantabon Cave It is the most famous cave in Siquijor. This has a long, winding and difficult to trek. Inside the cave it features subterranean stream, stalactites and stalagmites. Cambugahay Falls This is the most enchanting falls in the island. It consists of several levels of waterfalls. Tulapos Marine Sanctuary The sanctuary is abundant of different species of fish, corals and other underwater life. There were two-storey mangrove tree house that provides a vast view over the sea and the shoreline. Festivals Solili Festival (September) - this is the highlight of the “Araw ng Siquijor” - it is a marriage ritual where both parents of the married partners are presented with a feast and lectures about the realities and hardships of their married life Bugwas Festival (August) - celebration of bountiful harvest in honor of Saint Augustine - “Bugwas” means a spurt of water coming from an underground source, which flows freely in the open ground Saging Festival (May) - Recognizes the importance of banana - Showcases different varieties banana and a way of praising for the abundance of the harvest Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The island produces banana products such as; banana crackers, banana brittles and polvoron. Other agricultural products are corn, coconut, cassava, palay, peanut, mongo and legumes. Guide Questions 1. What are the major gateways to Region 7? What are the different access points to and within the different provinces of the region? 2. What major natural and man-made tourism attractions stand out in Region 7? 3. What are the region’s unique cultural features? What festivals and delicacies are famous within Region 7? 4. If you are to create a travel itinerary for a certain type of tourist/s, what tourism attractions and activities in Region 7 will you include? Why? References: Gatchalian-Badilla, Maria Criselda G. (2019). Philippine Tourism, Geography, and Culture, First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store. Claravall, B. (2013). Travel and Tour Operations in the Philippines, Third Edition. Manila: Accumicro Solutions. Libosada, C. (2010) Domestic Tourism, Manila: Anvil Publishing. So, Paul Lim (2012) Philippine Tourist Destinations, Second Edition, Manila: Accumicro I.T. Solutions. Yuson, Alfred A. (2013) Philippines: Islands of Enchantment, Manila: Tuttle Publishing Web Resources: www.tourism.gov.ph www.namria.gov.ph www.visitmyphilippines.com.ph www.nhcp.gov.ph www.ncca.gov.ph https://philippines.travel www.psa.gov.ph www.tpb.gov.ph www.heritage.org.ph www.ivanhenares.com http://cebuheritage.com http://www.bohol-philippines.com/panglao-island.html http://www.negor.gov.ph/ http://www.bohol-philippines.com/tarsiers.html TOPIC: EASTERN VISAYAS REGION (REGION 8) Specific Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson/topic, learners should be able to: 1. Identify the different access points and gateways (air, land, and sea) to and within Region 8; 2. Identify the major attractions (man-made, natural), accommodations, and unique cultural highlights and practices, including languages, dialects, festivals, gastronomy, industry, and crafts within Region 8; 3. Appreciate the historical highlights of the different provinces and other local government units (LGUs) within Region 8; 4. Identify the provinces and attractions of Region 8 on an outline map; and 5. Create different travel itineraries that cover different types of tourism attractions and activities within Region 8 for different types of tourists; How to get there: Region VIII is composed of six provinces, namely, Leyte, Southern Leyte, Eastern Samar, Samar (formerly Western Samar), Biliran, and Northern Samar. This occupies the easternmost islands of Visayas. Tacloban City is its regional center. The region is bounded by San Bernardino Strait on the northeast, Surigao Strait by southeast, Camotes Island by east and Philippine Sea by west. It receives heavy rainfall throughout the year and eastern part of the region is frequently visited by storms from Pacific Ocean. Eastern Visayas Region is an agricultural region and having a total land area of 21,431.7 square kilometers. The region is peopled by the Waray-Warays, the country’s fourth largest cultural linguistic group. Waray-Waray and Cebuano is the main dialect spoken in the region. The San Juanico Bridge connects the Island of Leyte and Samar, across the San Juanico Strait. This bridge also linked to the Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway. PROVINCE: BILIRAN Capital: Naval Brief History Biliran was first called Isla de Panamao, which refers to an ethnic fishing net. The name was changed to Biliran between the years 1668-1712. Biliran was derived from a native grass called “borobiliran”. It becomes a sub-province of Leyte on April 8, 1959 by Republic Act 2141. On May 11, 1992, Biliran was converted to a regular province. This island province is surrounded by the Visayan Sea on the North, Carigara Bay by south, Samar Sea by east and Biliran Strait by west. Biliran is composed of 8 municipalities and 132 barangays with a total land area of 555.5 square kilometers. Cebuano and Waray-Waray are the main dialect of the province while English and Tagalog are also spoken and understood. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Before discussing each spot/place, have the students share what they know about the place or describe it. You can also ask them if they have been in the said place and then have them share their experience/s. Nasunugan Tower This tower is a remnant of the Biliran Religious Revolt from 1765-1774. Padre Gaspar de Guevara, a native priest led the revolt. Tingkasan Bat Cave This is a natural habitat for bats which served as a diving and spear-fishing site. It is believed that the cave’s rectangular opening was made by the Japanese during World War II. Tingakasan Bat Cave is located at the municipality of Kawayan in Biliran. Iyusan Rice Terraces This man-made agricultural wonder is patterned after the famous Banaue Rice terraces. The rice terraces are created to help farmers to optimize rice yields. Sambawan Island It has white sandy beach and composed of two islets whichis rich in marine life and coral gardens. This island is one of Biliran’s diving and snorkeling sites. Tinago Falls This is the most mesmerizing falls in Biliran that is located at the heart of Caibiran rainforest. This is a hideaway that features exotic plants, cool and enchanting streams, and rich blend of trees. Festivals Buktay Festival (9th October) - Celebrated in the town of Cabucgayan - For bountiful harvest of the bukgay shell Ginatulan Festival - Celebrates the pottery-making in the town of Marapipi - Ginatulan means “galut”, action of carving or cleaving chunks of clay from its very source or mound Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine There are various products of Biliran such as seaweeds, bamboo crafts, shell crafts and pottery products. PROVINCE: EASTERN SAMAR Capital: Borongan City Brief History On March 16, 1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed in Homonhon Island in the town of Guiuan and he called the island “Zamal”. Early 1596, it has a sustained contact with western civilization. A mission center was established by Jesuit missionaries in the Eastern Samar territory. During Spanish occupation, Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu. Samar and Leyte were united into one province in 1735 with Carigara, Leyte as the capital town and in 1768 Samar became a separate province. On September 28, 1901, the rebels in the town of Balangiga attacked and almost wiped out American troops billeted in the municipal building and church convent, also known as Balangiga Massacre in history books. This was during the campaign that the American soldiers took the Balangiga Bells from the church of Balangiga as war trophies. The capital of Samar province was the small island of Capul in 1848-1852. Abak is the former name of Capul, derived after the Ancient Java who brought the first settlers to the island. By virtue of Republic Act No. 4221, Eastern Samar became an independent province on June 19, 1965. This includes the separation of the old province of Samar into three provinces namely; Northern Samar, Western Samar and Eastern Samar. The province is bounded by the Philippine Sea on the east, north by Northern Samar, west by Western Samar, and Leyte Gulf by south. It has a total land area of 4,339.60 square kilometers. Waray-waray is the main dialect spoken in the island of Samar. Tagalog and English are also understood in the province. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Homonhon Island It is where Ferdinand Magellan set his feet on Philippine land on March 16, 1521. This island is recognized as a historical landmark and there is a marker to symbolize the spot where Magellan first stepped on the Philippines shore. Kantikan Island The island is located in Guiuan, Eastern Samar. This culture farm is rich in marine life such as lobsters, shells, fishes, abalones, corals. It also features clear blue water, white coral beaches and perfect diving site. Divinubo Lighthouse In 1906, American engineers constructed the electrically operated lighthouse which serves as a guide and locate ships traversing in the Pacific Ocean. This can be reached at Barangay Lalawigan, Borongan in Eastern Samar. Church of the Immaculate Conception Immaculate Conception is a 16th century church with its entire structure still preserved including old relics of "santos", hand carved altars and doors. The Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary The cathedral was first built by Jesuit father, Francisco Diez in 1710. It was burned in 1773 and rebuilt in 1781. The cathedral houses the image of the town’s patroness, Nuestra Señora de Borongan. Santiago Monument This is located in front of the cathedral. It’s a 250-year old equestrian statue. A lot of caves and falls can be found in Eastern Samar such as the following: Caves o Sta. Monica Cave o Punta Maria Cave o Locso-on Cave o Ganap Cave o Canyawa Cave Falls o Pangi Falls o Kaputian Falls o Minaligwan Falls o Habag Falls o Binalarawan Falls o Lalaba Falls o Maybahay Falls o Mono Falls Festivals Padul-ong Festival (September) - In honor of the birth of Virgin Mary - celebrated in the town of Borongan - the grandest festival in Eastern Samar Karapayan Festival - depicts the Guiuan people’s enjoyment of nature - thanksgiving to Blessed Virgin Mary, Guiuan town’s patroness Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Copra is the major product of Eastern Samar. Other products include corn, rice, and sugarcane. The province also has notable delicacies such as Chocolate Muron, suman and alisuso (rice treats). PROVINCE: NORTHERN SAMAR Capital: Catarman Brief History By virtue of Republic Act No. 4221, Northern Samar became an independent province on June 19, 1965. This includes the separation of the old province of Samar into three provinces namely; Northern Samar, Western Samar and Eastern Samar. Northern Samar is a second class province and is surrounded by San Bernardino Strait on the north, east by Pacific Ocean, west by Samar Sea, and south by Western Samar. It has a total land area of 3,498 square kilometers. The main dialect spoken in Northern Samar is Waray-Waray with 92 percent. Next to that will be Cebuano, Abaknon, Bisaya and Tagalog. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Capul Lighthouse This was constructed by the US army units and engineers. It is located at the northernmost tip of the island and serves as the guidepost for traveling vessels. Batag Lighthouse In 1907, Batag was constructed by American engineers. Batag Lighthouse gives navigational light across San Bernardino Strait and is a perfect vantage point for spectacular views. Batag Lighthouse together with Capul Light house was declared as provincial historical landmark. Capul Church It is a preserved church with 85 percent from the original and built in 15th century. Catubig Church This church was built in 16th century and is a product of force labor by the locals of Catubig. Northern Samar has various natural attractions such as: Beaches o Bani Island Beaches – this is ideal place for swimming and scuba diving o Talisay Beach – features magnificent corals and shells o Catawgan Beach – white sand beach o Langtaran Beach o Talalora Beach Caves o Kinagatusan Cave (unexplored cave) o Paninirongan Cave o Bito Cave o Gomag Cave o Cabacungan Cave Falls o Pinipisakan Falls – feature star-like water falls o Veriato Falls Festivals Kinis Festival (October) - Annual celebration of the town of Rosario, Northern Samar - Promotes the town as “the Mud Crab Capital of Northern Samar” - Features cultural and culinary events Tarapo Festival (August) - in honor of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Catarman’s patroness - “Tarapo” is a dialect widely used and spoken by most people in Northern Samar Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Northern Samar has different food specialties such as; “ninorte”, abobo cooked in coconut milk and using water buffalo’s meat, and roast pig with mango leaves and lemon grass and stuffed with steamed gaway or taro leaves. Another is “mimuron sa kawayan”, rice cake cooked in a bamboo tube. The major products of the province are rice, coconut, banana, corn, root crops and vegetables. PROVINCE: SAMAR (formerly Western Samar) Capital: Catbalogan City Brief History By the virtue of Republic Act No. 4221 Western Samar became an independent province on June 19, 1965. This includes the separation of the old province of Samar into three provinces namely; Northern Samar, Western Samar and Eastern Samar. Samar is formally known as Western Samar. The province is bounded by Northern Samar on the north, Eastern Samar by east, Samar Sea by west and Leyte Gulf by south. It has a total land area of 5,591 square kilometers. Waray-Waray is the main dialect spoken in the province. The other dialects spoken in Samar are Cebuano, Boholano, Tagalog while other language used is English. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions San Juanico Bridge This is one of the most famous bridges in the Philippines because it is the longest bridge in Southeast Asia. It has a total of 2.162 kilometers in length and having a breadth of 10.62 meters. The main span is 41 meters above the water level, its highest point. San Juanico Bridge connects Samar Island and Leyte Island. Ruins of 15th Century Church This 15 th century church is a landmark that can be found in the mountain of Barangay Dapdap, Tarangan, Samar. It was also known as “Tinago Church” because it was been a hideout of Spanish missionaries. Basey 17th Century Church It stands as historical landmark of Basey. Calbayog Cathedral This is also known as Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral and is considered as the biggest church in the province. Obelisk It features the historical events of the province which is depicted in four sides of structure. These are the arrival of the Jesuit Missionaries, Rebellion of Augustin Sumoroy, Decree of Queen Isabella and the Balangiga Massacre. The Obelisk is located in front of the Capitol Building, Catbalogan, Samar. An Obelisk is a tall four-sided narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top. Bangon Falls – this is one of the most beautiful and stunning scenic spots worth visiting in the province. It is also a potential source of hydro-electric power. o Dorosdos Falls - famous for its seven-layered falls and it is a good source for hydro electric power. o Blanca Aurora Falls o Pan-as Falls o Ton-ok Falls o Lologayon Falls Sohotan National Park It covers approximately 840 hectares in Basey Samar. The national park has fascinating geological features such as; caves, hugs, limestone boulders, rock holes weathered formation rocks and underground rivers. Here are the attractions that can be found in the National Park. Sohotan Natural Bridge This is incredible huge arch-shaped rocks that connect two mountain ridges spanning the Sohotan River. It measures about 8-meters in width and 40-meters in length and has a vertical clearance of 23-feet. Panhulugan Cave I & II These are magnificent caves with unique stalactite and stalagmites formations. In 13th century, it was used as burial disposition. Sohotan Cave This is the most notable cave in the province because of its highly varied rock formations and rugged landscape. It is very ideal for trekking and rock climbing. The cave features a cathedral-like dome with an entrance of parabolic arch-type. On its ceiling there are hanging spike- shaped crystalline stalactites and rustic and cavernous walls and stalagmites on the cave’s floor. Panhulugan Cliff It is a high steep rock formation across Panhulugan Cave I. The name Panhulugan is from the waray- waray word “hulug” which means to drop from atop. Filipino rebels had used this cliff as an ambush area during the Filipino-American war. Festivals Sarakiki-Hadang Festival (September) - highlights presentation of street dancers in chicken costumes and do rooster movements - “Sarakiki” is a Waray word for rooster movements when trying to mate to a female chicken or provoking a fight with another rooster, while “hadang” is a ritual dance - Features cultural shows, body-painting contests, band competitions and beauty pageant Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Here are the products and specialties of the Samar (Western Samar): o Piñato, torta and pastilles de pili – homemade delicacies o Tahong products (tahong cracker) o Cutchinta and puto o Woven products (banig) – the province is dubbed as “banig capital of the Philippines” PROVINCE: LEYTE Capital: Tacloban City Brief History During Spanish era, Jesuits established first mission in Leyte in 1595. There were only 19 pueblos at that time with 70,000 people whom the missionaries converted to Christianity. The Royal Decree on July 31, 1860 ordered the reorganization of provincial government of the Visayas. Then, Leyte was classified as third class province. The capital site of Leyte changed several time from the first capital which is Carigara to Palo, then Tanauna and finally in 1787, Tacloban became a permanent capital. During American Era, Americans organized a civil government on April 22, 1901. In 1941 the Second World War hit the Philippines; the Japanese occupation followed. A guerilla organization was organized by Col. Ruperto Kangleon that harassed Japanese forces in Leyte. Leyte became world-famous as the point of entry for the American forces of liberation in 1944. During the liberation, Leyte was placed prominently on the world map. General Douglas MacArthur, head of the largest United States fleet of transport and warships, accompanied by Commonwealth President Sergio Osmeña and Carlos P. Romulo, landed in Palo, Leyte to get back the country from the Japanese forces. A historical marker in Palo marks the spot in Leyte where General Douglas MacArthur and his army landed on October 20, 1944. Tacloban became the temporary seat of the Philippine Commonwealth from October 23, 1944 to February 27, 1945. By virtue of the Republic Act No. 2227, the island province was divided into Leyte and Southern Leyte on May 1959. Leyte is the largest province in the Eastern Visayas Region with a total land area of 5,712.80 square kilometers. It is bordered by Biliran on the north, east by San Juanico Strait and the Island of Samar, Visayas and Ormoc Seas by west, and Southern Leyte on its south. The main dialects spoken in the province are Waray-Waray and Cebuano while the other major languages are English, Chinese and Filipino. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Leyte Provincial Capitol This is built in 1907 which serves as the seat of Leyte provincial government. It features the historic mural depicting the landing of General Douglas McArthur. The Provincial Capitol also became the seat of Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. CAP Building This is formerly known as Price Mansion. It is where General McArthur put up his official headquarters and residence during the liberation of the Philippines. Gen. Douglas McArthur Landing Memorial Monument This monument marking is the spot where General McArthur landed with his troops. The statues of the liberator stand 1.5 times bigger than the life-size. Sto. Niño Shrine and Heritage Museum This features paintings of the 14 Stations of the Cross done by Filipino artists, wooden bas-relief of the legend of the first Filipino man-woman (Si Malakas at si Maganda); stylishly decorated guestrooms of varied Filipino motifs; image of the Holy Child and Fernando Amorsolo’s original painting collection. Madonna of Japan It is located at the foot of Kanhuraw Hill in Tacloban City. This landscaped garden has a Statue of Maria Kannon, a Goddess of Peace. It was donated by the Japanese people to symbolize peace and friendship between Philippines and Japan. Mahagnao National Park It features awe-inspiring craters, hot springs, lakes, virgin forests with giant ferns and orchids. This was established as a national park since 1937. Lake Danao This is a violin-shaped lake and hemmed by cloud-capped mountain ranges of undetermined depth. It measures 2,100- feet above sea level and stretches up to 3-kilometers. Lake Danao features wild animals roaming around the forest and said to be the habitat of giant eels. Cuatro Islas It is consist of four isles namely, Digyo, Apid, Mahab and Himokilan. Cuatro Islas is surrounded by white sandy shores and coral gardens. There are 287 species of reef building corals that can be found in the island’s water. This is Leyte’s best island. Here are the other attractions of the province. o San Juanico Bridge o Candonicot Cave / Mt. Candonicot o Gunhuban Falls o Dawahon Island o Canigao Island Festivals Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival (June) - commemorate folk beliefs, epics and colorful traditions of the native people in the province - features people who cover their bodies with colorful paints - Showcases native products, special delicacies, and other interesting items. Boyogan Festival (19th of August) - celebrates the founding anniversary of the town of Abuyog - local residents participate in dances while wearing colorful costumes and make-ups that closely resemble the appearance of bees Alikaraw Festival - annual celebration of the municipality of Hilongos - commemorates to the ancient ritual of a local tribe in Leyte Lubi Lubi Festival (15th of August) - features enjoyable cultural presentations - highlights local residents hold dance presentations in an effort to portray the importance of coconut trees to the lives of the various people living within the area Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine Here are the products and specialties of the Province of Leyte. o Binagol - Sweetened shredded gabi tuber with coconut and condensed milk then cooked in coconut shells and wrapped in banana leaves o Chocolate moron - smoother variety of suman that is made of ground glutinous rice cooked in coconut milk o Noggin Vinegar – made up of coco sap o Tablea – made of pure native cacao o Pinyato – Fried, sweetened rice with pinipig o Tahong Crackers - tahong meat fried with flour, iodized salt, baking powder, black pepper and hot chili. o Roscas - delicacy of Barugo with the following ingredients: flour, sugar, eggs, butter, lard and eggs o Rosquillios (cookies) PROVINCE: SOUTHERN LEYTE Capital: Maasin City Brief History By virtue of the Republic Act No. 2227 the island province was divided into Leyte and Southern Leyte on May 1959. Southern Leyte was inaugurated as a province on July 1, 1960 with sixteen municipalities, with Maasin as the capital town and seat of the provincial government. The province is located within the Philippine Rift Zone and highly prone to natural disaster according to the Mines and Geo Sciences Bureau. About 104 barangays (21 percent) of the total barangays in Southern Leyte are highly susceptible to landslides that would likely affect 75,633 people and about 36,431 hectares of land. Southern Leyte is bordered by province of Leyte on the north, Pacific Ocean by east, Camotes Sea by west and Sogod Bay by south. It is consists of 19 towns and has a total land area of 1,734.8 square kilometers. Cebuano is the main language spoken in the province. Because of its proximity with the province of Bohol, the speech variety used by natives has also Boholano influences. Waray-Waray and Tagalog are widely spoken as second languages in the province. English and Spanish can also be understood by some people. Natural, Man-Made, Cultural, and Historical Attractions Libangon Municipal Hall It is a century-old structure preserved to give a glimpse of our rich heritage. Monte Cueva This is a chapel-sized built inside a cave situated on the top of the hill. Our Lady of Assumption Cathedral It is the oldest church in the province built in 1771 by the Spanish missionaries. Inside its huge stone walls of limestone are old religious images Liloan Lighthouse This lighthouse guides incoming and outgoing vessels to the town of Liloan pier and Liloan Ferry Terminal. Buenavista Fish Sanctuary It is a good place for diving, snorkeling and swimming. This sanctuary offers total exhilarating underwater tour with excelent corals, drop-offs, holes and cavelets, canyons, mini- trenches also with rich variety of fishes like napoleon wrasses, groupers, sweetlips, snappers, parrotfishes, butterflyfishes eagle rays, sea turtle, barracudas, and pelagic fishes. Limasawa Island This place is a famous diver’s paradise. The island is ideal for underwater photography and it also has sites for novice divers and beginners. It is said to be the site of the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines. Here are the other attractions of the province. o Panaon Island o San Pedro and San Pablo Beaches o Sogod Bay o Guinsohotan Falls o Bituon Beach Festivals Pagkamugna Festival (July 1st) - Commemorates to the founding anniversary of Southern Leyte - Features grand civic parade, agri-aqua and food fair, live concerts and motocross Tangka-Tangka Festival (August) - Celebrated together with the fiesta of Barangay Tangka- an every 26th to 28th of August - Includes fun games, outdoor activities such as rappelling and ascending - “Tangka” means attempt - culminates a beach jam party at the very popular Tangka-an beach Pabulhon Festival (August) - grand display of Maasin City’s agricultural wealth - showcases cook contests, boat race, pig catching and many more local games Products & Crafts, Delicacies, and Cuisine The province produces abaca products from gathered abaca fibers such as bags, house decorations, hats and many more. References: Gatchalian-Badilla, Maria Criselda G. (2019). Philippine Tourism, Geography, and Culture, First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store. Claravall, B. (2013). Travel and Tour Operations in the Philippines, Third Edition. Manila: Accumicro Solutions. Libosada, C. (2010) Domestic Tourism, Manila: Anvil Publishing. So, Paul Lim (2012) Philippine Tourist Destinations, Second Edition, Manila: Accumicro I.T. Solutions. Yuson, Alfred A. (2013) Philippines: Islands of Enchantment, Manila: Tuttle Publishing Web Resources: www.tourism.gov.ph www.namria.gov.ph www.visitmyphilippines.com.ph www.nhcp.gov.ph www.ncca.gov.ph https://philippines.travel www.psa.gov.ph www.tpb.gov.ph www.heritage.org.ph www.ivanhenares.com http://www.northernsamar.ph/ http://samar.lgu-ph.com/history.htm.

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