Race and Racialization (SOC101) PDF

When you think about race, what do you think about: Identity Experiences Race Skin colour Ethnicity Culture Race: Label used to describe/classify groups of people who share observable traits ○ Physical attributes, skin colour, eye shape, hair texture, ancestry, soci...

When you think about race, what do you think about: Identity Experiences Race Skin colour Ethnicity Culture Race: Label used to describe/classify groups of people who share observable traits ○ Physical attributes, skin colour, eye shape, hair texture, ancestry, social roles ○ Behaviors attitudes, level of intelligence athletic ability Ethnicity: Ethnic group consists of people with common ○ Culture ○ Language ○ Religion ○ National origin Ethnic groups feel culturally and socially united (2021 Census) What do we know about Canada ethnic groups and race? 450 ethnic origins were reported in the survey Almost 40% if Canadians recorded more than one ethnic origin ○ Up to 6 ethnic origins ○ Ethnic mobility 25% of canadians report belonging to a racialized group Race as a social construct: Genes and groups of genres are common to all people Fluid and changes over place and space and time But… Socialized to believe in the “effect of race” The indian act: One of the only pieces of legislation in the world based on race and is still in effect today Indigenous peoples to be defined as a race is synonymous with having our nation's dismembered… native people in canada and the united states for over a century now have been classified by race and subjected to colonization processes that reduced diverse nations to common experiences of subjugation Whiteness constructs people's lives by becoming a symbols of: Dominance (not subordination) Normativity (Not marginality) Privilege (not disadvantage) Racism: is used as a tool used to justify the construction of race typologies to legitimize, control, dominate, and exploit those who are racialized. Prejudice and stereotypes: Prejudice: negative hostile social attitude toward members of another group Stereotypes: Exaggerated generalizations that are used to categorize members of a given group Think these generalizations encompass all members of a given group\ Discrimination: Actions carried out against a person or group because of their group membership Occurs when prejudiced views are acted upon Examples: ○ Job discrimination ○ Unequal pay ○ Denial of promotion Racism: (Prejudice/discrimination + power = racism): Systematic racism: Prejudice and discrimination supported by intuition structures Racilization: Ontario human rights commission (2022): ○ Process of identifying, selecting, applying specific negative attributes to a group and its individual members (stereotyping) Systematically and systemically: ○ Built into society ○ Part of social and productive systems In work: ○ A study conducted by Dechief and Orepolous (2012) found employers across Canada prefer to interview “matthew but not Samir” Resumes sent to employers in Toronto, Montreal and vancouver with both racialized and european sounding names Applicants with “perceived” Chinese, Indian or pakistani names were 40% less likely to get an interview than those with European names Sociological approaches to race: Functionalism 4 dysfunctions of racism ○ Discrimination means societal resources are not maximized ○ Racism aggravates social problems such as poverty and crime ○ Too much money and time is it into putting barriers to inclusion in place ○ Prejudice and discrimination negatively impact relations between nations Sociological approaches to race: Feminism: The fight for gender equality did not mean the same thing for all women ○ voting property rights, human rights ○ Anti-racist feminism - gender is not the only source of oppression Integrated sites of oppression ens ○ Intersectionality ○ Gender cass, age, sexuality, mental health and race ○ Socilai, political, economic, cultural experiences of women The sociology of health and illness: Social determinants of health: Factors that are influenced by societal distribution of wealth and resources They allow us to examine health inequalities ○ Health services ○ Healthy child development ○ Health and wellbeing ○ Gender ○ Culture Case study: Covid-19: Hospitalizations of marginalized groups were higher SDH: Income inequality: Low income earners Die younger and suffer more illnesses Less likely to visit a physician Report poor oral health ○ NDP kids under 12 $650 a year Higher obesity, smoking, COPD , mental illness rates Those who leave home at an early age are more likely to SDH: Being indigenous Compared to to non-indigenous populations, indigenous people have ○ Higher infant mortality rate ○ Higher maternal morbidity (illness) ○ Higher rates of malnutrition SDH: Gender: Women generally more health conscious and proactive with their healthcare Normalizing “mommy juice” ○ As a de-stressor ○ Part of culture ○ To sexualize women ○ Especially in media advertising  Male mortality higher than female morality Men are ○ Less likely to be proactive about their health ○ Less likely to seek treatment for mood disorders ○ 3x more likely to commit suicide Intersectionality matters: All experiences matter, inequalities we experience they have negative impacts on experiences and events (how happy you are, likely to experience violence) How do social movements impact public health: