MEP 1.pdf PDF

## Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Quantification (MEP) ### Introduction to MEP, Various std. - Key considerations for MEP services: - Understanding technical specification - Cost & Schedule constraints - Space requirements for different services - Clash detection (creating dwg) - Procure...

## Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Quantification (MEP) ### Introduction to MEP, Various std. - Key considerations for MEP services: - Understanding technical specification - Cost & Schedule constraints - Space requirements for different services - Clash detection (creating dwg) - Procurement & contracts - Imp codes & std to refer: - NBC - ASHAAE - ISHRAE - NEC - NFPA - ECBC ### What is the workflow for arriving at quantities? - Types of quantities: - Countable - Measurable - Assumed ### HVAC - Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning - Need of HVAC: - Improve air quality - Circulate fresh air & filter out pollutants - Regulate temperature & humidity - Conserve energy - Help with energy efficiency & Saving - Meet building codes - Reduce maintenance & usage cost ### Fundamentals of HVAC: - Purpose: Heat, cool & ventilate the blog to create comfortable, safe & quality indoor air - Components: Thermostat, furnace or heat pump, air conditioner, ductwork, air filter, blower fan, vents, humidifier - Working: Air is drawn into a system, heated, circulated through the building, cooling is done by cooling done by cooling done by cooling done by cooling done by cooling done by cooling done by a process (heating & cooling), following process: heat transmission, infiltration, ventilation & humidification - Process: Heating & cooling, following process: heat transmission, infiltration, ventilation & humidification ### Air Conditioning: - Temp - Humidity - Filtration - Distribution ### Centralized Air Conditioning - Centralized AC is a modified form of Split AC with more components and circuits. - Centralized AC components and circuits: - Refrigerator circuit - Cooling tower circuit - Air Handling Unit (AHU) - Enclosures - Piping [refrigerant] - Piping [water] - Ducting [air] - Air cooled Unit: Heat rejection is a 1 step process - Water cooled condenser: It is a 2 step process - Refrigerant rejects heat to condenser water - Condenser water rejects heat to outdoor in cooling tower. - Centralized AC: Heat absorption is a 12 step process ### Types of Air Conditioning Systems: - Unitary AC system [smaller capacity] - Centralized AC system [larger capacity] - VRV or VRF system [TR] - Re-refrigerant cools chilled water. - Chilled water cools air in AHU - Air outlets can be supply or return - Diffuser or Grillers - Note - Insulated chilled water cools - Non Insulated condenser - Temp & pressure -> Compressor - Evaporator -> To cool chilled water - AHU cools & humidifies air - Cooling tower water is cooled by a cooler & goes to condenser & condenser cools refrigerator & cooling tower is located at terrace. - What are the 10 components of Centralized AC with location & function: - Water cooler - Basement - Cooling tower - Terrace - Air cooled chillers - Terrace - AHU - Floorwise - Air cooled scroll chiller ### CoP = Output / Input = Cooling / Power consumed - CoP is at 100% load. - IPLV - Integrated Part Load Value - VCC - Vapor Component compression cycle. - Basic components of VCC: - Evaporator (Indoor) - Compressor (Outdoor) - Condenser (Outdoor) - Expansion valve (Metering device) - Refrigerant - FCU - Fan Coil Unit - IDU - Indoor Unit - Heat pump - Maintain temp. of system higher than surrounding. - Used for heating application - Single mode = only cooling - Dual mode = cooling & heating - Refrigerant rejects heat to condenser water. - Condenser water rejects heat to outdoor in cooling tower. - Centralized AC: Heat absorption is a 12 step process. ### Duct Calculation - Formula: 2(W+H) X L - Duct gauge - Thickness (in mm) - Recommended (in mm) - Variant cassette = 10 x 30,801 = 308,010 - Hi-wall = 10 x 22,100 = 2,21,000 - Ductable = 10 x 38,913 = 3,89,130 - Piping = 45 x 707 = 31,815 - **Calculate No. of sheets Required for Following Data** | Sr. | Duct Dimension (mm) | Duct Length (m) | Duct Area (m²) | Duct Gauge | Calculated | |:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---| | 1 | 1500 x 850 | 4.5 | 1.47520.7 | 18 G | | | 2 | 1000 x 700 | 7 | 23.8 | 24 G | | | 3 | 700 x 400 | 4 | 8.8 | 24 G | | | 4 | 800 x 300 | 2 | 4.4 | 24 G | | | 5 | 450 x 150 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 22 G | | - **Types of duct: ** - Flexible ducts - Class 1, 2, 3 & 4 - G.I. sheets - Aluminium - **Commonly used duct materials** - **Duct area** - Duct area = 2(1.5+0.85)×4.5 = 20.7m² (For 18G) - Duct area = 2(100.7)×7 = 23.8m² (For 24G) - Duct area = 2(0.7+0.4) x 4 = 8.8 m² (For 24G) - Duct area = 2 (0.8+0.3)×2 = 4.4 m² - Duct area = 2(0.45+0.15) x 1.5 = 1.8 m² (For 24G) - **Sheet calculation** - For 24 G gauge - 23.8 + 8.8 + 4.4 = 37 m² = 398.12 ft² - Convert into sq. feet, 37 x 10.76 = 398.12 ft² - Std. size of sheet = 8x4 ft² - Add 10% wastage = 398.12 x 10% = 39.812 - 398.12 + 39.812 = 437.932 ft² - For 18 G gauge - 18 G = 20.7 m² = 222.732 ft² - Add 10% wastage, 222.732 x 10% = 22.273 - 22.273 + 222.732 = 245.005 ft² - No. of sheets = 245.005 / 8x4 = 7.65 = 8 No. - **Note**: To calculate the No. of sheets for a specific guage, do add all area of same gauge. For e.g. if there are three area 12.9m², 8.4m² & 3.6m² of 22G then add all and then calculate sheets. - SMACNA - Guidline follow for ducting - **Identify function of any five components along with their possible location present in HVAC. [Refer dwg. of Sabarmati HSR terminal.]** ### Direct Refrigerant System: - Window AC - Split AC - Ductable split - VRV/VRF ### 4 Variants of Indoor Units: - Wall mounted - Hi-wall mounted - Cassette - Tower ### Differentiate between VRF or VRV and Non VRF/VRV: | | VRF/VRV | Non VRF/VRV | |:--------------------|:-------------|:----------------------------| | **Indoor Unit** | Multiple | Individual | | **Outdoor Unit** | Common | Individual | | **Compressor** | Inverter | Consume more power | | **Power Consumption** | Less | Higher than VRF system | | **Simultaneous Heating** | Yes | Limited temperature control | | **Zoning** | Yes | No | - **Ductable split**: Connecting a duct to a fan cooling unit (FCU) or indoor unit (IDU) is called ductable split. - **It is recommended for better air distribution.** - **Inverter vs. Non-inverter**: - **Inverter**: Variable speed - **Non-inverter**: Fixed speed - **Formula**: - Power x (rpm) ^ 3 - Power x (speed) ^ 3 - **VRF**: Variable Refrigerant Flow - **VRV**: Variable Refrigerant Volume ### Fire Fighting System: - **Portable fire extinguisher system** - **Sprinkler system** - **Foam System** - **Standpipe & hose system** - **Class A** -> Ordinary combustible on fibrous - **Class B** -> Flammable or combustible liquids - **Class C** -> Energized equipment - **Class D** -> Combustible methods ### Standpipe & Hose System: - **Wet system (Filled with water)** - **Dry system (Initially filled with compressed air)** - **External hydrant system** - **Sprinkler system** - Internal hydrant system - Stairwell pressurization - Component of sprinkler system: - Dedicated fan of 25 to 50 Pascal pressure. - **Foam system** - Most effective for Class B Fires. - Pump is based on two parameters (Flow & Head) - **Specifications** - MS class C Type: 25mm dia, 120m length (471 x 120 = 56520) - Main electric pump: 2850 lpm, 70m head (4,03,062) - Diesel driven pump: 2850 lpm, 70m head (6,15,198) - Jockey pump: 180 lpm, 70m head. - **Gaseous Fire Suppression System** - Most effective for class C Fires. - Carbon dioxide or halogenated gas can be used. - **VESDA** -> **Very Early Smoke Detecting Apparatus** - It is similar to aspirating smoke detector. - **Dry chemical** - Class D Fires - Bicarbonate - **Fire alarm & control system** - Types of fire alarm detectors: - Heat detector - Smoke detector - Carbon monoxide detector - Multisensor detector - Jockey pump = 146.28 x 70 = 10,239 RS - **Total cost = 11,77,171 RS** ### Electrical System in Building: - **Imp Codes & Std:** - National Electrical Code - National Fire Protection Association - In NICMAR we have 22 KV line. - **Components of electrical system**: - Transformer (HT high tension) - Switchgear - Switches & circuit breaker - Switch boards & switch gear - Working of both is same but different capacity. - LT panel & distribution panel - Used in new building of NICMAR - Cable tray - Earthing for Control Panel (Earth Pit) - MCB - Circuit breaker - Includes fuse, measuring. - Bus duct - Enclosure for bus bar is building lightning protection. It is measured in Ampere. - Large current carrying capacity is measured in Ampere - Distribution panel - Dry transformers. - ATS - Automatic Transfer Switch - DG Sets - Use emergency backup - MCC - Motor Control Center - PDU - Power Distribution Unit (Applicable in ITB) - Transformers - Air cooled - Oil cooled ### Plumbing Elements: - **Refer (M&E SOR)** - **LT cable**: 1.1 kv, 4c x 10mm² (3000m) - **Find total cost of above system** - **Distribution System in Multi-Storey Building**: - Direct supply system from mains - Public or private - Gravity distribution system - Pressurized distribution system (Hydro Preumatic pumping system) - Combined distribution system - **Type of Sewerage System** - Sewage System - Black water - Grey water - Potable/clean water system - Sewerage system - **Plumbing Systems** - Water closet - Kitchen, wash basin, wash machine (with human waste) - Enclosure for blackwater - Soil Pipe - Enclosure for grey water - Waste Pipe ### Trap: - Trap means a pipe which catches & holds wastewater - **Types of Traps**: - **Floom trap** - **Gully trap** - **Nahani trap** - **P-trap** (The most acceptable trap & looks like alphabet (P)) - **Bottle trap** (used below wash basin) - **S-trap** (Used in toilet under water closet) - **Intercepting trap** (is not used) - **S-trap** (Nowadays in buildings it is not used) ### Drainage & Sanitation: | **Type** | **Meaning** | **Particulars** | **Rate** | **Amount** | |:---|:---|:---|:---|:---| | Single stack (Pipe) system | | PVC Water tank | 5128 | 15,384 | | | | Wash basin | 2208 | 17,664 | | | | Waste pipe | 228 | 1368 | | One pipe - Partially ventilated system | | Water closet | 1522 | 9132 | - **Gradient**: Fall / distance - Generally, 10 mm slope is provided per meter for drain slope - **Find total cost of above system. Refer Schedule of rates Vol. II** ### Numerical on Plumbing: - **Specifications for major components:** - PVC water storage tank - 1000 litre (3 No.s) - Wash basin - 550x400mm (8 No.S) - Waste pipe - PVC 32 mm, 750 mm long (8 No.s) - Water closet - Orissa pattern - 530×410mm (6 No.S) - **Find total cost of above system. Refer Schedule of rates Vol. II**