Biology Past Paper Questions PDF

1. What is the body's largest organ? a. Liver b. Skin i. The skin is the body\'s largest organ, serving as a protective barrier against environmental hazards, regulating temperature, and providing sensory information. It covers an average ar...

1. What is the body's largest organ? a. Liver b. Skin i. The skin is the body\'s largest organ, serving as a protective barrier against environmental hazards, regulating temperature, and providing sensory information. It covers an average area of about 20 square feet in adults and plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being. c. Lungs d. Brain 2. Which part of the brain controls voluntary movements? e. Cerebrum ii. The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain, is responsible for controlling voluntary movements. It is divided into two hemispheres and includes regions such as the motor cortex, which directly manages the planning, control, and execution of voluntary actions. f. Liver g. Cerebellum h. Thalamus 3. What is the medical term for high blood pressure? i. Hypertension iii. Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure, a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. It is a significant risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other health problems, often requiring lifestyle changes and medication for management. j. Frostbite k. Hyperglycemia l. Hypotension 4. What disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C? m. Anemia n. Rickets o. Common Cold p. Scurvy iv. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Vitamin C, which is essential for the synthesis of collagen in humans. Historically, it was a common affliction among sailors and pirates who lacked fresh fruits and vegetables during long sea voyages. 5. What is the main function of red blood cells? q. Transport Nutrients r. Regulate body temperature s. Transmit radio signals t. Transport oxygen v. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They achieve this through the protein haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen molecules and facilitates their delivery to tissues and organs. 6. What condition is characterized by the hardening and narrowing of the arteries? u. Atherosclerosis vi. Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque, which is composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This can lead to serious cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks and strokes, as it restricts blood flow to various parts of the body. v. Arteriosclerosis w. Chickenpox x. Hypertension 7. What organ is affected by hepatitis? y. Pancreas z. Liver vii. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, commonly caused by viral infections, alcohol abuse, or other toxins. The condition can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis or liver cancer, if left untreated. a. Kidney b. Heart 8. What is a common name for the clavicle? c. Collarbone viii. The clavicle, commonly known as the collarbone, is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum. It is an important part of the skeletal system, providing support for shoulder movement and protecting neurovascular structures. d. Scapula e. Sternum f. Kneecap 9. What is the medical term for a heart attack? g. Cardiac arrest h. Angina pectoris i. Brain freeze j. Myocardial infraction ix. A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. This blockage is often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to a critical reduction in oxygen supply to the heart tissue. 10. What is the primary function of the kidneys? k. Regulate body temperature l. Filter blood and produce urine x. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, which are then excreted as urine. This vital process helps maintain the body\'s fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as remove toxins. m. Produce insulin n. Generate electricity 11. What is the main symptom of Jaundice o. Pale skin p. Sneezing q. Headache r. Yellowing of the skin and eyes xi. Jaundice is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes, which occurs due to an excess of bilirubin in the blood. This condition often indicates underlying issues with the liver, gallbladder, or bile ducts. 12. What type of cells are white blood cells? s. Leukocytes xii. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. They help protect the body against infections and foreign invaders by identifying and destroying pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. t. Red blood cells u. Lymphocytes v. Platelets 13. What kind of vitamin is produced in the sunlight w. Vitamin D xiii. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, it synthesizes Vitamin D. This vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and supporting the immune system by aiding in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. x. Vitamin C y. Vitamin B12 z. Vitamin Z 14. What is the term of surgical removal of the appendix a. Appendectomy xiv. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, it synthesizes Vitamin D. This vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and supporting the immune system by aiding in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. b. Cholecystectomy c. Carpentry d. Laparotomy 15. What condition is characterized by the loss of bone density? e. Osteopenia f. Common Cold g. Arthritis h. Osteoporosis xv. Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the weakening of bones due to the loss of bone density, making them more susceptible to fractures. It is particularly common in older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that affect bone regeneration. 16. What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes? i. Lack of exercise j. Autoimmune destruction if insulin-producing cells k. Viral infection l. Eating too much sugar 17. What organ produces insulin m. Kidney n. Pancreas xvi. The pancreas is a vital organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It produces insulin, a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream, thereby maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. o. Gallbladder p. Liver 18. What is the main function of the small intestine? q. Absorb nutrients from food xvii. The primary function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients from the food we eat. This organ, which is part of the digestive system, has a highly specialized lining with villi and microvilli that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption, ensuring that essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients enter the bloodstream. r. Store bile produced by the liver s. Filter waste from the blood t. Pump blood throughout the body