Quarter 2 Test 7th Grade History PDF

Quarter 2 Study Guide Part 1: Vocabulary ***Definitions can be found in Student Reader. blockade infrastructure partisanship...

Quarter 2 Study Guide Part 1: Vocabulary ***Definitions can be found in Student Reader. blockade infrastructure partisanship intervene “Jefferson’s Second Term” pages 26 - 27 Background: At this time, King George III was still the official king of Britain—the same king the American colonies declared independence from! But because King George III was very sick and couldn’t rule, his son, George IV, had to take over and make the big decisions. Meanwhile, in France, Napoleon Bonaparte was in charge. He became ruler after the French Revolution and was leading France in a series of battles with Britain called the Napoleonic Wars (from 1803 to 1815). To help pay for these wars, Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States. And here’s a helpful term: an embargo is when one country stops all trade with another country—basically a ban on trading goods! 1. EVALUATIVE—How did Great Britain make it difficult for the United States to stay out of its war with France? Great Britain set up a blockade against France and used impressment on American sailors. 2. EVALUATIVE—Why did impressment anger Americans? Impressment denied the sailors their rights as Americans by forcing them to work for the British navy. “James Madison and the War of 1812” pgs. 27-30 3. LITERAL—Who was James Madison? James Madison was the fourth president of the United States and was a Deocratic-Republican. 4. LITERAL—Who were the war hawks? They were the leaders in Congress who were calling for armed action against Britain. 5. EVALUATIVE—Why did Tecumseh and his allies fight for the British? Great Britain promised them their own nation defended by the British if the British won the war. 6. EVALUATIVE—Why did things not go well for the Americans at the start of the War of 1812? The U.S. Army had few troops, and the U.S. Navy had few ships, while the British had plenty of soldiers and ships. “The Summer of 1814” pgs. 30-31 7. LITERAL—What destroyed the White House and other buildings in Washington, D.C.? The British burned them, and then a hurricane hit. 8.EVALUATIVE—How were the northern and southern fronts during 1814 different? On the southern front, Americans lost many battles and cities like Washington, D.C., were destroyed, although the Americans eventually held out. On the northern front, the Americans won, despite smaller numbers of both troops and ships. “The Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent” and “Jean and Pierre Lafitte” pgs. 31 - 33 9. LITERAL—What happened at the Battle of New Orleans? An American force led by Andrew Jackson, with help from Jean Lafitte, stopped the British from capturing the city of New Orleans. 10.LITERAL—What were the outcomes of the War of 1812? The war ended in a draw, but it did stop arms sales to Native Americans in the West and the British policy of impressment. It also inspired a sense of nationalism among the American people. “Henry Clay and the American System” pgs. 33-34 Background Info: A tariff is like a tax on products that come from other countries. When it’s a protective tariff, the tax is extra high on certain foreign goods, which makes those items more expensive. This encourages people to buy similar items made locally because they're often cheaper! 11. LITERAL—Who was Henry Clay? He was a politician from Kentucky who served in the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives and as secretary of state for John Quincy Adams. 12. LITERAL—What were the three parts of Clay’s “American System”? They were establishing a national bank, placing tariffs on imports, and using the money from the tariffs to improve infrastructure in the South. “James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings” pgs. 34 - 37 13. EVALUATIVE—Why was James Monroe’s first term known as the Era of Good Feelings? It was known as the Era of Good Feelings because it was a calm and prosperous period. 14. LITERAL—For whom was the Era of Good Feelings not good? This was not a good era for many African Americans and Native Americans. 15.LITERAL—What did the Adams-Onís Treaty do? It gave Florida to the United States and settled the border between the United States and New Spain. 16. LITERAL—What was the Monroe Doctrine? The Monroe Doctrine was a statement that the United States would not intervene in European colonies that existed in the Americas but would view European attempts to establish new colonies or interfere with independent nations in the Americas as acts of aggression. “Affirming the Power of the Federal Government” pgs. 37 - 38 “John Quincy Adams” pgs. 38 - 39 REMINDER: Marbury v. Madison (1803), during Jefferson’s first presidential administration, established judicial review, the ability of the Supreme Court to determine whether laws are constitutional. The Marshall court, so named because the chief justice was John Marshall, handed down several other key decisions, including McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden. 17. LITERAL—What clauses of the Constitution helped the Supreme Court make its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland? The Supreme Court referred to the Necessary and Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause. 18. EVALUATIVE—How were McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden similar? Both cases involved the power of the federal government as it relates to money and commerce. “John Quincy Adams” pgs. 38-39 Background: The term Whig was used by a political party in England from the 1600s through the 1800s. Their goal was to expand the power of Parliament and limit the power of the Crown. The name was borrowed by opponents of Andrew Jackson for their own political party, as they sought to cast Andrew Jackson as someone who wanted the authority of a king. 19. EVALUATIVE—Why wasn’t John Quincy Adams successful? He was not well liked, and he believed that the role of the president was to advise Congress rather than to persuade Congress to follow him, so little got done. ​ Foundations of Expansion ​ Activity: Fill out the following chart to compare the Erie Canal and Transcontinental Railroad: Feature Erie Canal Transcontinental Railroad Connected the Great Lakes to the Linked the East and West coasts, Hudson River in NYC, Purpose enabling faster settlement and improving trade and shipping. transportation. Required workers to dig by hand; Required crossing mountains and Construction trees cut manually; built without plains; harsh weather; Challenges modern machinery. explosives used. Allowed goods from the interior to Impact on Trade Reducing travel and shipping time. reach the Atlantic efficiently. ​ The Erie Canal connected interior farms to major cities, encouraging economic growth in the East and Midwest. The Transcontinental Railroad allowed for goods and people to move rapidly across the country, supporting westward migration and trade. ​ ​ Manifest Destiny and Native American Displacement ​  Topic Settlers’ Perspective Native Americans’ Perspective Saw it as their destiny to expand and settle the land and bring technology, progress, and democracy to new territories. Viewed Westward expansion as an Westward invasion , leading to the loss of Migration their land and their way of life. Manifest Destiny was viewed as a divine obligation, fueling enthusiasm to expand borders to the Pacific Ocean. -Land was seen as a resource to be farmed, mined, or industrialized Land was sacred and communal, with for economic gain. They valued no concept of ownership. They "improvement" and private believed in using resources ownership as essential to sustainably to preserve nature. progress. Use of Land -Canals and railroads were Treaties like those under the Indian celebrated for enabling settlers Removal Act often promised to transport goods and establish protection or compensation but faster connections to eastern ultimately forced tribes onto markets. reservations. -Policies like the Homestead Act provided incentives to claim and  cultivate new land, increasing migration westward. Native cultures and traditions were undermined, with tribes being displaced, languages lost, and cultural practices disrupted. Settlers built towns, railroads, and Impact on infrastructure, viewing these as Culture symbols of progress and Tribes like the Cherokee experienced modernization. severe hardships on the Trail of Tears, where thousands died due to exposure, disease, and starvation. ​ Settlers justified their actions with the belief in Manifest Destiny, which claimed expansion was their divine right. However, this led to Native Americans losing their homes, cultures, and lives as they were forced onto reservations or removed entirely.