Introduction to Statistics Quarter 3 PDF

Holy Rosary College of Sta. Rosa, Laguna Inc. Statistics and Probability | Quarter 3 INTRODUCTION TO K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum STATISTICS Prepared by:...

Holy Rosary College of Sta. Rosa, Laguna Inc. Statistics and Probability | Quarter 3 INTRODUCTION TO K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum STATISTICS Prepared by: SIR. CRISDEN K. RECENA  1.1 STATISTICS WEEKLY 1.2 DATA MANAGEMENT LEARNING 1.3 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURE GOALS 1.4 ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY 1.1. STATISTICS 1 STATISTICS - is the SCIENCE that deals with the COLLECTION, ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION of all kinds of data pertinent to the study being considered, so that meaningful conclusion can be drawn. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS STATISTICS INFERENTIAL STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - is a group of statistical measurements that aims to provide BASIC CHARACTERISTICS of a data set through tables and graph. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY MEASURES OF POSITION MEASURES OF VARIATION INFERENTIAL STATISTICS - aims to INFER or MAKE INTERPRETATIONS by making a concluding statement about the population based on the result derived from a data set. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) T-TEST CHI-SQUARE TEST CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS 1.1. THE 2 FOUR ESSENTIAL PROCESSES IN STATISTICS COLLECTION OF DATA - refers to the GATHERING of related information such as: COLLECTION A. What is useful and OF DATA needed B. Where to get information C. How to get information ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA - refers to the SYSTEMATIC WAY of organizing data. It involves: COLLECTION A. Collecting OF DATA B. Classifying and arraying C. Presenting data gathered in preparation to its analysis ANALYSIS OF DATA - refers to EXTRACTING relevant information from the data at hand. It involves: COLLECTION A. Comparison and contrast OF DATA B. Description C. Statistical measurements to produce numerical values and qualitative summary as a resulting conclusion. INTERPRETATION OF DATA - refers to the DRAWING of logical statements from the analyzed information. It involves COLLECTION A. Generalizing OF DATA B. Forecasting C. Recommending solutions and interventions about the study. DATA - is a BODY OF INFORMATION or OBSERVATIONS being considered by the researcher. When the data is processed, information, which is the basis for decision making is produced. VARIABLE - is used to DEFINE certain OBSERVABLE VALUES or characteristics. It is called variable since the characteristics VARY from one another. - the values of the variable are the possible observable values or characteristics of the variable. These values are the data to be processed. 1.1. CLASSIFICATION 3 OF DATA ACCORING TO NATURE QUANTITATIVE OR NUMERICAL DATA QUALITATIVE OR CATEGORICAL DATA - are those obtained - are those obtained from from variables which variables which are in the are in the form of form of categories, numbers, e.g. age, characteristics, names or height, weight, amount. labels, (e.g. gender, socio- economic status, civil status.) ACCORING TO SOURCE PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA - are first-hand - are second-hand information, e.g. data information, e.g. information gathered from a survey, from newspapers or journals, economic indicators. The where the person who data being used are collected collected the data is the by another person or one using it. organization. ACCORING TO ARRANGEMENT UNGROUPED DATA GROUPED DATA - are the data without - are data arranged or any specific order or tabulated and presented arrangement. They are in an organized manner. referred to as raw data. QUANTITATIVE DATA CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED ACCORDGING TO MEASUREMENT DISCRETE DATA CONTINUOUS DATA - are those obtained from - are those obtained counting process where through the measuring data are whole numbers, process where data are e.g. household size, values that may be number of cans of decimals or fractions, e.g. sardines produced. inflation rate, weight in kilograms. 1.1. LEVELS 4 OF DATA NOMINAL SCALE – is the LOWEST level of data measurement where the values for the variables are used for IDENTIFICATION purposes only. – is limited to DESCRIPTIVE categories; can be counted but cannot be ranked. SEX COLLEGE MAJOR RELIGION ORDINAL SCALE – has all the characteristics of the nominal scale, but it can be RANKED IN A CERTAIN ORDER. The relative position of one case is known. SOCIAL COMPETITIO TYPHOON CLASS N RESULTS SIGNAL NO. INTERVAL SCALE – describes attributes that are RANKED-ORDERED and have EQUAL distances between adjacent attributes. – are those that do not have a TRUE ZERO value, since zero does not actually represent none or nothing. AGE TEMPERATUR IQ TEST E SCORE RATIO SCALE – has all the characteristics of the interval scale but are based on a FIXED STARTING POINT or a TRUE ZERO POINT. – the value of zero represents none or nothing. NO. OF VOTER INCOME STUDENTS TURNOUT  X STATISTICS WEEKLY 1.2 DATA MANAGEMENT LEARNING 1.3 DESCRIPTIVE MEASURE GOALS 1.4 ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY