Physiology of Urinary System Lecture PDF

‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬محمد الغـــزالي‬  Physiology OF Urinary (Renal) System The Urinary (or "Renal") system consists of:  Two Kidneys,  Ureters,  Urinary Bladder  Urethra  The intenal Anatomy of the Kidney  Functions of the Kidneys 1. Regulation of: -Body flu...

‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬محمد الغـــزالي‬  Physiology OF Urinary (Renal) System The Urinary (or "Renal") system consists of:  Two Kidneys,  Ureters,  Urinary Bladder  Urethra  The intenal Anatomy of the Kidney  Functions of the Kidneys 1. Regulation of: -Body fluid osmolarity and volume - electrolyte balance - acid-base balance - blood pressure 2. Excretion of: -Metabolic products -foreign substances -excess substance (water, etc) 3. Secretion of: - erythropoitin - 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (vitamin D activation) - Rennin -prostaglandin The Nephron The Nephron:  It is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.  Its chief function: regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH.  Its functions are regulated by the antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.  In humans, a normal kidney contains one million nephrons.