Practice Questions - Computer Basics PDF

**What does the acronym \"CPU\" stand for?**\ a) Central Processing Unit\ b) Central Power Unit\ c) Central Program Unit\ d) Central Performance Unit **Which of the following is a non-volatile storage device?**\ a) RAM\ b) SSD\ c) Cache\ d) Registers **What is the primary function of a motherb...

**What does the acronym \"CPU\" stand for?**\ a) Central Processing Unit\ b) Central Power Unit\ c) Central Program Unit\ d) Central Performance Unit **Which of the following is a non-volatile storage device?**\ a) RAM\ b) SSD\ c) Cache\ d) Registers **What is the primary function of a motherboard?**\ a) Store data permanently\ b) Provide a platform for connecting hardware components\ c) Process instructions\ d) Generate power for peripherals **Which type of printer uses a laser beam to produce images?**\ a) Inkjet printer\ b) Dot matrix printer\ c) Thermal printer\ d) Laser printer **Which of the following is NOT an input device?**\ a) Keyboard\ b) Mouse\ c) Monitor\ d) Scanner **Which operating system is open-source?**\ a) Windows\ b) Linux\ c) macOS\ d) iOS **What is the primary function of a database management system (DBMS)?**\ a) Manage computer hardware\ b) Store, retrieve, and manage data\ c) Create animations\ d) Perform calculations **Which programming language is primarily used for web development?**\ a) Python\ b) Java\ c) JavaScript\ d) C++ **Which software is commonly used for word processing?**\ a) Adobe Photoshop\ b) Microsoft Word\ c) AutoCAD\ d) MySQL **Which of the following is an example of system software?**\ a) Microsoft Excel\ b) Windows Operating System\ c) Google Chrome\ d) Adobe Illustrator **What does \"IP\" in IP address stand for?**\ a) Internet Process\ b) Internet Protocol\ c) Internal Path\ d) Internal Program **Which protocol is used to send emails?**\ a) HTTP\ b) FTP\ c) SMTP\ d) SNMP **What is the maximum number of unique IP addresses in IPv4?**\ a) 2\^32 (4.3 billion)\ b) 2\^64\ c) 4.3 million\ d) 2\^16 **Which device is used to connect two different networks?**\ a) Switch\ b) Hub\ c) Router\ d) Repeater **What is the primary purpose of a firewall?**\ a) Speed up network traffic\ b) Block unauthorized access\ c) Encrypt data\ d) Compress files **What does the acronym \"VPN\" stand for?**\ a) Virtual Private Network\ b) Virtual Personal Network\ c) Virtual Protocol Network\ d) Virtual Protection Network **Which type of malware is designed to replicate itself and spread?**\ a) Trojan\ b) Worm\ c) Spyware\ d) Adware **What is the purpose of encryption?**\ a) Detect network errors\ b) Protect data by converting it into an unreadable format\ c) Speed up data transfer\ d) Compress files **Which of the following is an example of multi-factor authentication?**\ a) Password only\ b) Password + OTP\ c) Username only\ d) Biometric scanner **What does \"phishing\" refer to in cybersecurity?**\ a) Stealing credentials via fake emails or websites\ b) Cracking passwords using brute force\ c) Encrypting user data\ d) Installing antivirus software 21. **What is the binary representation of the decimal number 10?**\ a) 1000\ b) 1010\ c) 1100\ d) 1001 22. **Which company developed the Windows operating system?**\ a) Google\ b) Microsoft\ c) Apple\ d) IBM 23. **What is the function of an operating system?**\ a) Run applications\ b) Manage hardware and software resources\ c) Protect from malware\ d) Design graphics 24. **Which key combination is commonly used to refresh a web page?**\ a) Ctrl + S\ b) Ctrl + P\ c) Ctrl + R\ d) Ctrl + F 25. **What does the acronym \"USB\" stand for?**\ a) Universal Serial Bus\ b) Universal System Bus\ c) Universal Software Bus\ d) Unified Serial Bus **General Concepts** 1. **What is the primary function of an operating system?**\ a) To compile code\ b) To manage hardware and software resources\ c) To provide internet connectivity\ d) To protect from viruses 2. **Which of the following is NOT a type of operating system?**\ a) Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)\ b) Distributed Operating System\ c) Embedded Operating System\ d) Application Operating System 3. **Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?**\ a) Windows 10\ b) Linux\ c) QNX\ d) macOS 4. **Which OS is widely used in mobile devices?**\ a) Android\ b) Unix\ c) Windows 11\ d) Fedora 5. **What does the acronym GUI stand for?**\ a) General User Interface\ b) Graphical User Interface\ c) Guided User Interaction\ d) Generic User Input **Processes and Scheduling** 6. **What is the state of a process when it is waiting for an event?**\ a) Ready\ b) Running\ c) Waiting\ d) Terminated 7. **Which scheduling algorithm is also known as \"Shortest Job Next\"?**\ a) First-Come-First-Serve\ b) Round Robin\ c) SJF (Shortest Job First)\ d) Priority Scheduling 8. **In the Round Robin scheduling algorithm, what is a \"time quantum\"?**\ a) The amount of CPU time allocated to each process\ b) The total execution time of a process\ c) The time taken to execute one instruction\ d) The time between I/O requests 9. **Which type of scheduling ensures that higher priority tasks are executed first?**\ a) Priority Scheduling\ b) Round Robin\ c) Multilevel Queue\ d) First-Come-First-Serve 10. **What is \"context switching\"?**\ a) Switching between different applications\ b) Saving and restoring the state of a CPU during a process switch\ c) Switching between different user accounts\ d) Switching between different storage devices **Memory Management** 11. **What is virtual memory?**\ a) Physical memory\ b) Space on the CPU\ c) Memory created by using hard disk space\ d) Memory used for video rendering 12. **Which technique divides memory into fixed-sized blocks?**\ a) Paging\ b) Swapping\ c) Segmentation\ d) Partitioning 13. **What is \"thrashing\" in memory management?**\ a) Running multiple processes simultaneously\ b) Excessive paging that degrades system performance\ c) Deleting temporary files\ d) Running out of virtual memory 14. **Which part of memory is used to store the operating system kernel?**\ a) User memory\ b) Kernel space\ c) Cache\ d) Heap 15. **Which algorithm is commonly used for page replacement?**\ a) LRU (Least Recently Used)\ b) Round Robin\ c) SJF\ d) FIFO **File Management** 16. **What is the primary function of a file system?**\ a) To execute programs\ b) To organize and manage files on storage devices\ c) To manage CPU processes\ d) To optimize RAM usage 17. **Which file system is used by default in Windows?**\ a) EXT4\ b) NTFS\ c) FAT32\ d) APFS 18. **What is a \"root directory\"?**\ a) The highest-level directory in a file system\ b) A temporary directory\ c) A directory containing only system files\ d) A hidden directory 19. **Which of the following is a command-line-based operating system?**\ a) DOS\ b) Windows\ c) macOS\ d) Android 20. **What does the \"chmod\" command do in Linux?**\ a) Change file ownership\ b) Change file permissions\ c) Delete files\ d) Create directories **Security and Permissions** 21. **What is the purpose of user accounts in an operating system?**\ a) To manage hardware resources\ b) To ensure security by isolating user data and permissions\ c) To speed up system performance\ d) To create backups 22. **What is a \"kernel\" in an operating system?**\ a) The graphical user interface\ b) The core component that manages system resources and communication\ c) The file manager\ d) The process scheduler 23. **Which type of user has the highest level of access in an OS?**\ a) Guest\ b) Administrator (Windows) / Root (Linux)\ c) Standard user\ d) Developer 24. **What does \"multi-tasking\" in an operating system mean?**\ a) Executing multiple programs simultaneously\ b) Installing multiple operating systems\ c) Running one program in multiple windows\ d) Switching between user accounts 25. **What is the purpose of an access control list (ACL)?**\ a) To control system updates\ b) To define permissions for files and directories\ c) To schedule tasks\ d) To configure network settings **General Concepts** 1. **What is the primary goal of computer security?**\ a) To improve system performance\ b) To protect data and systems from unauthorized access and threats\ c) To reduce software costs\ d) To manage user accounts 2. **Which of the following is NOT a security goal?**\ a) Confidentiality\ b) Integrity\ c) Availability\ d) Redundancy 3. **What is the process of converting data into an unreadable format to prevent unauthorized access called?**\ a) Decryption\ b) Encryption\ c) Authentication\ d) Validation 4. **What does \"multi-factor authentication\" require?**\ a) A password and nothing else\ b) Multiple passwords\ c) Two or more verification methods, such as a password and a fingerprint\ d) Just biometric data 5. **What is a firewall used for?**\ a) Encrypting files\ b) Blocking unauthorized network access\ c) Running diagnostics\ d) Compressing files **Threats and Malware** 6. **What is malware?**\ a) Hardware components\ b) Malicious software designed to harm systems or steal data\ c) A type of firewall\ d) A security protocol 7. **Which type of malware replicates itself and spreads across networks?**\ a) Trojan\ b) Worm\ c) Spyware\ d) Ransomware 8. **What is a keylogger?**\ a) A device that generates passwords\ b) Malware that records keystrokes to capture sensitive information\ c) Software for encrypting files\ d) An antivirus tool 9. **What is phishing?**\ a) Stealing data using fake emails or websites\ b) Attacking a network with a virus\ c) Encrypting user data\ d) Protecting passwords 10. **What is ransomware?**\ a) A tool for recovering deleted files\ b) Malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption\ c) A type of firewall\ d) Software for system optimization **Authentication and Access Control** 11. **What does a strong password typically include?**\ a) Only letters\ b) Letters, numbers, and special characters\ c) A single word\ d) Only numbers 12. **What is the main purpose of a user account in a computer system?**\ a) To store data\ b) To restrict and manage access to resources\ c) To run system updates\ d) To install software 13. **What is the \"principle of least privilege\"?**\ a) Giving users minimum access rights needed to perform their tasks\ b) Denying access to all users by default\ c) Giving admin rights to all users\ d) Allowing unlimited access to resources 14. **Which of the following is an example of biometric authentication?**\ a) Password\ b) Fingerprint scanner\ c) Security questions\ d) PIN 15. **What does CAPTCHA help prevent?**\ a) Malware infections\ b) Unauthorized system logins\ c) Automated bots from accessing online systems\ d) Password theft **Network Security** 16. **What does a VPN (Virtual Private Network) do?**\ a) Increases internet speed\ b) Encrypts internet traffic for secure communication\ c) Prevents malware\ d) Monitors network performance 17. **Which protocol is secure for browsing websites?**\ a) HTTP\ b) FTP\ c) HTTPS\ d) SNMP 18. **What is Wi-Fi encryption used for?**\ a) Speeding up network access\ b) Securing wireless network traffic\ c) Compressing network data\ d) Sharing passwords 19. **Which of the following is a secure method for sharing sensitive data over the internet?**\ a) Sending plain-text emails\ b) Using file-sharing websites without passwords\ c) Encrypting the data before sending\ d) Uploading to public cloud storage 20. **What is the purpose of a network intrusion detection system (IDS)?**\ a) To block all incoming traffic\ b) To detect and alert on unauthorized or malicious network activity\ c) To optimize network speed\ d) To back up network data **Best Practices** 21. **What is the first step to take when a system is compromised?**\ a) Turn off the system\ b) Notify the administrator and isolate the system from the network\ c) Run an antivirus scan\ d) Change the system's IP address 22. **What should you do with suspicious email attachments?**\ a) Open them carefully\ b) Delete them immediately\ c) Save them to your computer\ d) Forward them to others 23. **Why should software and operating systems be regularly updated?**\ a) To add more features\ b) To fix security vulnerabilities\ c) To increase system performance\ d) To reduce disk usage 24. **What is the safest way to store sensitive passwords?**\ a) Write them down on paper\ b) Save them in a password manager\ c) Memorize them all\ d) Save them in a text file on the computer 25. **What is the purpose of an antivirus program?**\ a) To improve system performance\ b) To protect against and remove malware\ c) To install system updates\ d) To optimize network connections **General Hardware Concepts** 1. **What is the primary function of a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)?**\ a) Process network data\ b) Perform complex graphical computations\ c) Manage input/output devices\ d) Store temporary files 2. **Which component connects the CPU to other hardware in modern motherboards?**\ a) PCIe lanes\ b) SATA ports\ c) RAM\ d) Heatsinks 3. **What does \"NVMe\" stand for in storage technology?**\ a) Non-Volatile Memory Express\ b) Non-Volatile Machine Encryption\ c) Network Virtual Memory Exchange\ d) None of the above 4. **Which type of memory is embedded directly into the CPU for high-speed operations?**\ a) Cache memory\ b) DRAM\ c) VRAM\ d) EEPROM 5. **What is the primary purpose of a power supply unit (PSU)?**\ a) Process instructions\ b) Distribute power to all computer components\ c) Provide internet connectivity\ d) Increase system performance **Performance and Overclocking** 6. **What does \"overclocking\" a CPU or GPU mean?**\ a) Lowering the clock speed to save power\ b) Increasing the clock speed beyond its default settings\ c) Running multiple CPUs simultaneously\ d) Using external hardware for additional power 7. **What is the role of a liquid cooling system in high-performance PCs?**\ a) Enhance GPU rendering\ b) Regulate heat by using liquid to cool the components\ c) Increase CPU clock speed\ d) Provide backup power 8. **Which advanced feature allows multiple GPUs to work together in a system?**\ a) SLI (Scalable Link Interface) for NVIDIA\ b) NVMe\ c) ECC (Error-Correcting Code)\ d) RAID 9. **What is the main advantage of DDR5 over DDR4 RAM?**\ a) Lower latency\ b) Higher bandwidth and energy efficiency\ c) Smaller physical size\ d) Increased compatibility with older motherboards 10. **What is the purpose of ECC (Error-Correcting Code) memory?**\ a) To prevent hardware failures by correcting data errors\ b) To increase memory speed\ c) To compress files\ d) To allow simultaneous multitasking **Advanced Storage** 11. **What is the difference between HDDs and SSDs?**\ a) HDDs are faster but less durable than SSDs\ b) SSDs use flash memory, while HDDs use spinning disks\ c) HDDs consume less power than SSDs\ d) SSDs have more storage capacity than HDDs 12. **What is RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) used for?**\ a) Cooling the system\ b) Combining multiple drives to improve performance or reliability\ c) Increasing CPU speed\ d) Encrypting storage drives 13. **Which SSD interface provides the fastest data transfer speeds?**\ a) SATA\ b) NVMe\ c) IDE\ d) USB **Connectivity and Peripherals** 14. **What does Thunderbolt technology allow?**\ a) Wireless charging of peripherals\ b) High-speed data transfer and video output through a single cable\ c) Improved gaming performance\ d) Advanced cooling systems 15. **What is the purpose of PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)?**\ a) To provide power to storage drives\ b) To connect high-speed components like GPUs and SSDs to the motherboard\ c) To install operating systems\ d) To control system cooling #### User Interface and Features 1. **What is the main design change in the Start Menu of Windows 11 compared to Windows 10?**\ a) No Start Menu\ b) Centered and simplified design\ c) Larger live tiles\ d) Added widgets 2. **Which feature in Windows 11 improves multitasking by organizing windows?**\ a) Task View\ b) Snap Layouts\ c) Cortana\ d) Focus Assist 3. **Which application is directly integrated into the taskbar in Windows 11?**\ a) Skype\ b) Microsoft Teams\ c) Zoom\ d) Calendar 4. **What is the default web browser in Windows 10 and Windows 11?**\ a) Internet Explorer\ b) Google Chrome\ c) Microsoft Edge\ d) Firefox 5. **Which feature allows you to create and manage multiple desktops in both Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Taskbar\ b) Virtual Desktops\ c) Cortana\ d) Device Manager 6. **What is the new feature in Windows 11 for managing personalized content and tools?**\ a) Timeline\ b) Widgets Panel\ c) Control Panel\ d) Quick Access 7. **In Windows 11, what allows you to set unique wallpapers for each virtual desktop?**\ a) Display Settings\ b) Snap Layouts\ c) Task Manager\ d) Accessibility 8. **What replaced Internet Explorer in both Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Safari\ b) Microsoft Edge\ c) Netscape\ d) Opera 9. **What is the name of Windows 10 and 11's assistant that uses voice commands?**\ a) Alexa\ b) Siri\ c) Cortana\ d) Bixby 10. **Which accessibility feature reads on-screen text in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Magnifier\ b) Narrator\ c) Sticky Keys\ d) On-Screen Keyboard #### Display and Personalization 11. **What is the default position of the taskbar in Windows 11?**\ a) Left-aligned\ b) Top of the screen\ c) Centered\ d) Hidden 12. **Which feature in Windows 10 and 11 reduces blue light to ease eye strain?**\ a) Color Filters\ b) Night Light\ c) Focus Assist\ d) Dark Mode 13. **Which resolution setting is available for scaling text and icons on displays?**\ a) DPI Settings\ b) Taskbar Settings\ c) App Scaling\ d) Refresh Rate 14. **What feature allows Windows 10 and 11 users to access settings like brightness and network quickly?**\ a) Action Center\ b) Control Panel\ c) File Explorer\ d) Task View 15. **In Windows 11, where can users configure Snap Layouts?**\ a) Personalization Settings\ b) System \> Multitasking\ c) Accessibility Settings\ d) File Explorer #### Administration and Security 16. **Which tool is used in Windows 10 and 11 to manage hardware and drivers?**\ a) Task Manager\ b) Device Manager\ c) Disk Cleanup\ d) Event Viewer 17. **What is the built-in antivirus in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) McAfee\ b) Windows Defender\ c) AVG\ d) Norton 18. **Which Windows feature allows rollback to a previous version after an update?**\ a) Restore Point\ b) Recovery Options\ c) File History\ d) Task View 19. **What command-line tool is used to manage group policies in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) gpupdate\ b) cmd.exe\ c) msconfig\ d) regedit 20. **What is the purpose of BitLocker in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Optimize disk space\ b) Encrypt the drive for security\ c) Manage network settings\ d) Uninstall apps 21. **Which tool helps manage disk partitions in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Disk Management\ b) Task Manager\ c) File Explorer\ d) Event Viewer 22. **Which feature allows users to control permissions for installed apps?**\ a) App Settings\ b) Privacy Settings\ c) Task Manager\ d) Security Settings 23. **What is the default command-line interface in Windows 11?**\ a) Command Prompt\ b) Windows Terminal\ c) PowerShell\ d) MS-DOS 24. **Which administrative tool provides an overview of system performance?**\ a) Task Manager\ b) Action Center\ c) Disk Cleanup\ d) System Restore 25. **What is the function of Windows Hello in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Biometric authentication\ b) Managing updates\ c) Parental controls\ d) Virtual desktops #### System and Performance 1. **Which tool in Windows 10 and 11 allows you to manage startup programs?**\ a) Task Manager\ b) Control Panel\ c) Action Center\ d) Device Manager 2. **What is the purpose of the Performance Options menu in Windows?**\ a) Customize visual effects and adjust virtual memory\ b) Change desktop themes\ c) Update drivers\ d) Set screen resolution 3. **What does the \"msconfig\" command open in Windows?**\ a) Device Manager\ b) System Configuration Utility\ c) Task Manager\ d) Registry Editor 4. **Which advanced setting allows users to adjust processor scheduling for better performance?**\ a) Virtual Memory\ b) Performance Options\ c) Device Manager\ d) Disk Management 5. **How can you monitor real-time CPU, memory, and disk usage in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Control Panel\ b) Task Manager \> Performance tab\ c) File Explorer\ d) Disk Management #### Networking 6. **Which command-line tool is used for diagnosing network connectivity in Windows?**\ a) nslookup\ b) ping\ c) tracert\ d) ipconfig 7. **What feature in Windows allows users to configure advanced sharing settings?**\ a) Control Panel \> Network and Sharing Center\ b) Task Manager\ c) Device Manager\ d) File Explorer 8. **What does enabling \"Metered Connection\" in Windows 10 and 11 do?**\ a) Limits background data usage\ b) Boosts internet speed\ c) Disables updates permanently\ d) Increases download speeds 9. **Which feature allows remote access to a Windows PC?**\ a) Remote Desktop\ b) Device Manager\ c) File History\ d) Recovery Options 10. **Which advanced network setting allows users to prioritize certain Wi-Fi networks?**\ a) Network Metering\ b) Network Properties\ c) Preferred Networks\ d) Proxy Settings #### Storage and File Management 11. **What tool is used to partition and format hard drives in Windows 10 and 11?**\ a) Task Manager\ b) Disk Management\ c) Device Manager\ d) File Explorer 12. **What does enabling \"Storage Sense\" in Windows do?**\ a) Optimizes disk performance\ b) Automatically frees up disk space by removing temporary and unused files\ c) Increases RAM\ d) Encrypts files 13. **What is the purpose of NTFS permissions in Windows?**\ a) Customize desktop themes\ b) Control access to files and folders\ c) Manage startup programs\ d) Adjust screen resolution 14. **Which Windows feature provides previous versions of files for recovery?**\ a) File History\ b) System Restore\ c) Backup and Restore\ d) Windows Defender 15. **What command is used to check the health of a hard disk in Windows?**\ a) chkdsk\ b) diskpart\ c) dir\ d) format #### Security and Administration 16. **What is the purpose of Group Policy Editor in Windows?**\ a) Update drivers\ b) Manage security and administrative settings for users and devices\ c) Configure network properties\ d) Optimize performance 17. **Which tool in Windows 10 and 11 is used for managing encrypted drives?**\ a) BitLocker\ b) Disk Cleanup\ c) Task Manager\ d) Control Panel 18. **Which advanced security feature allows apps to run in isolated environments in Windows?**\ a) Sandbox\ b) Firewall\ c) Device Guard\ d) Windows Defender 19. **Which setting in Windows allows for advanced control over firewall rules?**\ a) Windows Security \> Firewall & Network Protection\ b) Task Manager\ c) Device Manager\ d) Recovery Options 20. **What is the purpose of the Event Viewer in Windows?**\ a) Display hardware configurations\ b) View detailed logs of system and application events\ c) Update drivers\ d) Enable recovery options