Lecture 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (Cihan University, 2024-2025)

Cihan University/ Sulaymaniyah College of Health Science Medical Microbiology 2nd Stage - 1st Semester Pr. Anatomy and Physiology...

Cihan University/ Sulaymaniyah College of Health Science Medical Microbiology 2nd Stage - 1st Semester Pr. Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 Introduction to Anatomy and physiology - Anatomical terms 2024-2025 Lecturer: Bahramand B. Marouf Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It helps us understand how different body parts are organized and how they function together. Importance of Practical Anatomy: Emphasize why hands-on experience is important: Practical anatomy allows you to directly explore the body, understand relationships between structures, and build a deeper understanding that goes beyond textbooks. Body systems Body planes Relative positional terms describe a body part’s location 1. Superior means that a body part is above another part. (The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity.) 2. Inferior means that a body part is below another body part. (The neck is inferior to the head.) 3. Anterior (or ventral) means toward the front. (The eyes are anterior to the brain.) 4. Posterior (or dorsal) means toward the back. (The pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity.) 5. Medial refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves. A body part is medial if it is closer to the midline than another part. (The nose is medial to the eyes.) 6. Lateral means toward the side, away from the imaginary midline. (The ears are lateral to the eyes.) 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 5 9 10