Philippine Politics and Governance Reviewer PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION I – ILOCOS REGION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS SUR SINAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION I – ILOCOS REGION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS SUR SINAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL RICUDO, SINAIT, ILOCOS SUR Reviewer in Philippine Politics and Governance Executive Branch – Implement the Law Legislative Branch – Create Laws Judiciary Branch – Interprets the Law In order to run for the senate post, the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that a person should be 35 years old (at the day of the election) does. Start of Term of Office: Thirtieth (30th) day of June next following their election for Senators and Members of House of Representatives There are 24 senators in the Philippines. 12 of them are regularly elected every three years. The Senate and House of Representatives makes the Philippine Congress a bicameral legislature. Article XI of Code of Conduct for Public Officials and Employees is the legal basis for the exclusive power of the Philippine Congress to initiate and conduct an impeachment trial. The Supreme Court has the power to conduct a judicial review to determine the validity of legislative and executive actions. The Supreme Court inquire into the constitutionality of the acts of both the executive and legislative branches of Philippine government through a Judicial Review. A qualification to become a member of the Supreme Court is that you should have been a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the country for 15 years. The composition of the Supreme Court is: One (1) Chief Justice and fourteen (14) Associate Justices. Shari’a Courts settle legal conflicts between Muslim Filipinos in the sphere of customary and personal laws. Municipal Circuit Court is a court of justice in the Philippines that cover two or more municipalities. Metropolitan Trial Courts are Municipal trial courts inside the Metropolitan Area. Katarungang Pambarangay is a system you would go to settle amicable disputes and to promote the speedy administration of justice by easing the congestion of court dockets. Sandiganbayan tackles committed violations of anti-graft and corruption laws of public officials. Barangay. The barangay is the basic unit of government. It is made up of at least two thousand (2000) inhabitants certified by Philippine Statistics Auhority. Officials of the Barangay Government. There shall be in each barangay, a Punong Barangay, Seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay members, the Sangguniang Kabataang Chairman, a Barangay Secretary and a Barangay Treasurer. There shall also be in every Barangay a Lupong Tagapamayapa. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section 387).  Role of the Barangay. As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered and when disputes may be amicably settled (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 384). Basic Functions of Barangay 1. Ensure the delivery of basic services. 2. Enforce laws and regulation relating to the protection of the environment. 3. Adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse and juvenile delinquency. 4. Serves a forum where people’s interests and opinions on local and national issues are articulated. 5. Serves as a place for settling neighborhood disputes or conflicts. Municipality. A municipality may be created if it has an average annual income, as certified by the provincial treasurer, of at least two million five hundred thousand pesos (P2,500,000.00) for the last two (2) consecutive years based on the 1991 constant prices; a population of at least twenty-five thousand (25,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics Office; and a contiguous territory of at least fifty (50) square kilometers as certified by the Lands Management Bureau: (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section 441). Officials of the Municipal Government. There shall be in each municipality a municipal mayor, a municipal vice-mayor, Sangguniang Bayan members, a secretary to the Sangguniang Bayan, a municipal treasurer, a municipal assessor, a municipal accountant, a municipal budget officer, a municipal planning and development coordinator, a municipal engineer/building official, a municipal health officer and a municipal civil registrar. In addition, thereto, the mayor may appoint a municipal administrator, a municipal legal officer, a municipal agriculturist, a municipal environment and natural resources officer, a municipal social welfare and development officer, a municipal architect, and a municipal information officer (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 443). Roles of Municipality. The municipality, consisting of a group of Barangays, serves primarily as a general purpose government for the coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 440). City. A municipality or a cluster of Barangays may be converted into a component city if it has an average annual income, as certified by the Department of Finance, of at least Twenty million pesos (Php20,000,000.00) for the last two (2) consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices, and if it has either of the following requisites: (i) a contiguous territory of at least one hundred (100) square kilometers, as certified by the Lands Management Bureau; or, (ii) a population of not less than one hundred fifty thousand(150,000 (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 450). Officials of the City Government. There shall be in each city a mayor, a vice mayor, Sangguniang Panlungsod members, a secretary to the Sangguniang Panlungsod, a city treasurer, a city assessor, a city accountant, a city budget officer, a city planning and development coordinator, a city engineer, a city health officer, a city civil registrar, a city administrator, a city legal officer, a city veterinarian, a city social welfare and development officer, and a city general services officer. In addition, thereto, the city  mayor may appoint a city architect, a city information officer, a city agriculturist, a city population officer, a city environment and natural resources officer, and a city cooperatives officer. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 454). Role of the City. The city, consisting of more urbanized and developed Barangays, serves as a general-purpose government for the coordination and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 448). Basic Functions of Cities and Municipalities 1. Ensure the delivery of basic services. 2. Enact policies and laws, enforce them, and govern their jurisdiction. 3. Exercise regulatory powers within their jurisdictional areas to ensure that private enterprise does not impede the good and welfare of the public. 4. Issue permits and licenses and to revoke or taking back the same if necessary for local business, land use and construction, both for industrial and private purposes. Province. A province may be created if it has an average annual income, as certified by the Department of Finance, of not less than Twenty million pesos(Php20,000,000.00) based on 1991 constant prices and either of the following requisites: (i) a contiguous territory of at least two thousand (2,000) square kilometers, as certified by the Lands Management Bureau; or, (ii) a population of not less than two hundred fifty thousand(250,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics Office (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 461). Officials of the Provincial Government. There shall be in each province a governor, a vice-governor, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a Secretary to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a provincial treasurer, a provincial assessor, a provincial accountant, a provincial engineer, a provincial budget officer, a provincial planning and development coordinator, a provincial legal officer, a provincial administrator, a provincial health officer, a provincial social welfare and development officer, a provincial general services officer, a provincial agriculturist, and a provincial veterinarian. In addition, thereto, the governor may appoint a provincial population officer, a provincial natural resources and environment officer, a provincial cooperative officer, a provincial architect, and a provincial information officer. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 463). Role of the Province. The province, composed of a cluster of municipalities, or municipalities and component cities, and as a political and corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism for developmental processes and effective governance of local government units within its territorial jurisdiction (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 459). Basic Functions of Province 1. Supervision - Every provincial government is tasked with supervising the municipal governments in the planning, budgeting, and service delivery process. 2. Developmental - This function has to do with facilitating economic development of municipalities within the jurisdiction of a provincial government by paving the way for transfer of technology and the granting of agricultural assistance to farmers. 3. Environmental - This is associated with the enforcement of laws and ordinances relating to the preservation of the environment. 4. Health - Provincial governments provide tertiary health services in addition to what are provided by each municipality.  The presence of a fairly large number of parties which compete with one another on relatively equal terms is a Multiparty System. A single political party is called a One-Party System. Qualifications of voters: He must be: 1. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines; 2. Not otherwise disqualified by law; 3. At least eighteen (18) years of age; and 4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place wherein he proposes to vote for at least six (6) months preceding the election. The group of people who come together to contest elections in order to hold power in the government is called a Political Party. The formal decision-making process by which the citizens of the country vote and select certain officials to hold public official is called an Election. The set of rules that govern the conduct of elections is called an Electoral Board. People expressing their choice for or against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them is called a Plebiscite. Every Filipino has the right to vote or participate in the election as stated in the Article V of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. COMELEC or the Commission of Elections supervises every aspect of campaigns and elections in the country. A Civil Society is a community that is comprised of groups or organizations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors. Social Movements are a group of people who are having a demonstration or rally with the hope that their cries of reform could be heard. Citizenship is defined as the legal status granted to members of a political community. Labor Movements arose because millions of workers realized their common experiences and interests. So, they formed labor unions and federations. Prepared by: (SGD) FRANCIS JASPHER A. PASTOR Teacher II Subject Chairperson, Philippine Politics and Governance