World War II Summary (PDF)

1. What is facism/difference between communism- facism is when a dictator controls his people as well as extreme nationalism. This is when people think they are superior to other countries that aren't their own. 2. Joseph Goebbels - minister of propaganda - trying to get people to believe hit...

1. What is facism/difference between communism- facism is when a dictator controls his people as well as extreme nationalism. This is when people think they are superior to other countries that aren't their own. 2. Joseph Goebbels - minister of propaganda - trying to get people to believe hitler was amazing - make the propaganda everywhere (pervasive = u cant escape it) 3. What is the actual cause of ww2- Germany and Italy and Russia were in a depression and Germany saw that the only way out was to acquire land and go to war. All three counties lost a lot of land from the treaty of versailles so they wanted to re obtain that land to make more money, build military and gaining more power RISE OF DICTATORS 4. Why did Japan attack Pearl harbor? What reason? Japan creating pacific empire makes conflict - we lost trading partner - lost resources = material in south east asia - we had to make steel and oil / we said we were gonna stop trading w them w those resources. We withheld resources (relationship falling apart) - leaders start to negotiate, US wants access to resources and trade with China. Japan needs blocked supply for their war …. Leads to pearl harbor. Japan thought that by taking out pearl harbor - we wouldn't come back from it - only 2 waves of attack instead of 3 - didn't hit ships on docks or reserves. 5. Did African Americans have any limitations during the war? In the war- fight in segregated units - heavily restricted in combat positions, on home front - they pass fair opportunities commission = cant discriminate…. Gov agency in US saying no discrimination 6. Was Stalingrad invaded by the Russians because Hitler turned on them first? Mussolini and hitler team up with facism bc they were both mad about ww1 so germany started nazi party to show they have power Militarized rhineland and annexed austria Japan invaded manchuria - in beginning Germ and jap not connected - just wanted the power Hitler wrote about going to USSR in mein kampf (autobiography he wrote in jail) Hitler and Italy want to expand their land because they lost in in the treaty of versailles Germ attacking Britain - London Nebil chamberlain said we are not gonna stop you from taking us (england) japan joined because they also wanted power but japan wasn't super fascist but it's okay so they started axis powers Hitler invaded poland bc he wanted power, easy target-wanted to prove he has power Hitler wasn't supposed to remilitarize but did and made threats for power, hitler blackmailed britain US doesn't care right now but then decided to start trading with europe and send them arms (allies) germany didn't like that US gave supplies to their allies  germany sent over coded note to mexico for mexico to attack usa for germany but US figures out code france surrenders immediately so now it's britain against germany until germany starts invading russia which breaks their agreement Non aggression pact: germany and USSR but germany broke the pact britain and US bombing each other (hitlers plan all along to catch them weak and strike when they don't expect it) On the pacific japan is slowly starting to gain power and japan wants to be strong Japan didn't want US to attack them so they bomb pearl harbor them this is where US gets involved with the war D-day: now usa is in it, they have a conference D day was a big good battle got us into europe Operation overlord is d-day, operation torch is their first attack usa has been fighting at pacific but they wanna get onto eastern front and make their way to germany so they wanted to go through mediterranean sea and north africa up through italy into europe They invade north africa get to sicily and have casablanca conference they want them to unconditionally surrender but they say no Stalingrad: where the turns table (capital of russia) Norway storm beach through ridges of beach - invade, fight germany us, britain, canada, france- super bloody - guns = success able to get through europe to paris Bloodiest beach on d-day = omaha VE day- victory in europe = germ surrenders VJ day - Japan surrenders…. What abt it? …japan's surrender was a condition because we threatened to kill their emperor Hitler kills himself because he lost and wife cause he didn't want his body to get tortured Italy ppl mad mussolini got them into war and had civilians die Mussili killed and hanged in the square - ppl threw stuff at him In japan - US doing alright but japan getting close Battle of midway = pushing back - able to have US get more air strips - go from island to island for more planes for locations - bc of land bc war was on ocean’ Iwo jima= Picture of ppl pushing flag on beach Japan raped ppl in the begining - went into china raped and killed there women Okinagua - japanese people rather die than surrender Common Causes- people sacrificed themselves in the planes Fight to their last breath - don't give up The US didn't know what to do to shut them down…Nuke? =US bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki Battle of bulge - last real battle germany had before they gave up (bloodest?) Douglas Macarthur - go back to philippines - planned D-day = general Harry Truman ?  Lend the lease - US giving supplies to our allies (USSR and Britain) US = lend GB money & let them borrow arms and other supplies, Done because britain was running out of $ for Cash & Carry plan, Most supported the new plan but many thought this moved us closer to european wars Are women in the military in ww2? Yes but not combat positions (teachers, pilots, nurses) Pots damn = right before atomic bomb - they all met - US said they're gonna bomb - negotiate the end of ww2 Wanted to give japan an option to opt out Casablanca conference - accept only unconditional surrender, prolonged war (germ looked back at treaty of v. / japan thought it was unhonorable to surrender Teran conference- before d-day John basoline = died at iwo jima, got medal of honor, Macarthur (US general): went back to the philippines and won battles Manhattan project: code name for when developing atom bomb Macarthur constitution: usa help with ja[and constitution Usa occupied japan and sent up a new govt for them LoN tell Japan to stop invading manchuria - stimson doctrine - US will not recognize territory taken by force - US disagrees but still cares but wont do anything Women in War WAACS - Army WAVES - Navy WASP - Air force SPARS - Coast guard Nurses and Red Cross NO COMBAT but women WILL STILL DIE IN WAR Battles Battle of the Atlantic - Battle of the Bulge - German launched a surprise attack on allies - Bloodiest battle Battle Bataan - Allies lost really bad - Ppl who were capture had to do death march - Big loss in pacific  - Mcaurthur said “I shall return” Battle of the Coral Sea - May 1942 - All fighting by carrier based planes - Japan ran out of fuel and turned back - Allies stopped an invasion of Austria Battle of Stalingrad - Stalingrad is heavily hit by planes - 40,000 civilians die but the Russians never gave up - kept going - many Germans didn't have winter clothes during the cold weather - medical supplies ran short - Food Supplies was low - Hitler wanted his men to fight to the death - German troops surrendered in January 1943 = major turning point in the war - Hitler was defeated Battle of Midway - JAPAN'S FIRST LOSS - June 1942 - Allies intercept message → Japan heading to Midway - US navy gets there first → surprise - Admiral Chester Nimitz (Commander of US naval forces in Pacific) led US to victory - Huge turning point in pacific war Guadalcanal - William “Bull” Hasley led US forces - Lasted 6 months - Target → airfield - The victory left us with a valuable base - 1st victory in: - Island hopping campaign - On land - OFFENSIVE victory against Japan Battle of Leyte Gulf - Oct 1944 - In the Philippines - Important naval battle - Jap forced to resort to kamikaze (suicide) pilots - All battles after this were on Islands - Successful = official end of the Japanese Navy -planes loaded w bombs -pilots intended to crash = to die w honor for the emperor Battle of Iwo Jima - Gorilla fighting - Tunnels in mountain - Famous flag raising - Guided tanks out of minefields and helped take arifields - John Basilone fought in it D-day - June 6th 1944 - EISENHOWER led the military - Operation Overlord - pre Dawn invasion of Normandy France - largest amphibious invasion ( land and water) - “ storm the beaches” - fought through the Atlantic Wall - many obstacles - odds were against us - coming from the channel = no protection, weather, and outnumbered - France was heavily fortified - we won by having two fake armies ( they gave German spies information to convince them the Allies were planning to attack elsewhere) - 2/3 Eastern Front ( most of Hitler's troops) Battle of Okinawa - Last land battle Pearl Harbor Japan wanted to prove that they were a power to feel threatened by and they got into conflicts with China/SouthEast Asia and this affected the US because we traded with them (i think?) Sinse translators were very slow back in the day they didn’t get the message translated to them that Japan sent that they were about to attack them → samurai code of honor, they did give a heads up that they were gonna attack, the US just didn’t receive it on time Dec 7th 1941 → A sunday because navy isn’t practicing and they wanted to surprise attack “don’t attack while they're sleeping but still play to win”