Period 1 AP World History PDF

Chapter 17: Nomadic Pastoralist: Herd sheep, horses, camels, goats Not a lot of farming, local vegetation if near water Nothing much has changed with nomadic peoples Small scale farming They are a little connected wirth other groups for trade Men dominate but women stil...

Chapter 17: Nomadic Pastoralist: Herd sheep, horses, camels, goats Not a lot of farming, local vegetation if near water Nothing much has changed with nomadic peoples Small scale farming They are a little connected wirth other groups for trade Men dominate but women still have higher status Polytheistic, begin as shamanism, and then the Turks turn to Islam They change their religion because of trade The Khan - the person at the top, the tribal leader who has most power, the Khan doesn’t lead them into any battles Bedoins: they became the middle men and caravan peoples Social Organization: Commoners and the nobility Commoners take care of all the animals You do good in war and that benefits you Fluidity in class ○ you can move up or move down the class Turkish peoples: They could shoot a bow and arrow on a horse Mongols (coming from central asia in the 1200s): They each had 20 horses Each horse had a whistle They start riding the horse at 3 years old You could get killed for whipping your horse 160 pound composite bow and they shot 12 arrows a minute They could pierce any armor during this time Loyalty to their clan/kinship group Genghis Khan ○ Some thought he was a barbarian/outcast ○ Born holding a blood clot, people believed he would be a great leader/warrior ○ Temujin (real name) son of tribal warrior chief ○ When he was 9 years old, his dad was poisoned by a rival tribe and died ○ He was the oldest son and led a small tribe 10 years later, he knew he had to forge with other tribes ○ He met up with Borte (arranged marriage who he was betrothed to from childhood, he soon gets his wife Borte pregnant ○ Murke tribe attacks them and want to get Borte lady so they kidnap her - Timujin runs away to get better and come back Timujin and his friend are close to each other  ○ Step diplomacy - creating many different alliances, but eventually flipping on the alliances to build your way up the ranks (timujin wants to master this) 2 Main Turkish Groups: Mongols Saljuq Turks - they are the ones running the Abbassid empire during this time Ottoman Turks Genghus and Jamuka Philosophy Jamuka believe if you are born in nobility you will be nobility Genghus is more of merit Wants people who are loyal and competent Political Organization After defeating Jamuka, finally unifies all of Mongolia Everything is merit BUT Mongol tribes are more loyal to their tribes So he breaks it apart so the loyalty will go towards Genghus Khan No centralized state How important is the army for Genghus Khan? It is HUGE He is very brutal Surrender means you good but if not… Kills ALL besides 5 or 10 people As a result, this develops fear into the people Mongol Conquest China Conquered Jurchens by destroying it Women feared,City destroyped Abyssid Empire Saljic Turks Europe (Eastern) Genghis Khan and the Mongols break through ○ Many girls commit suicide because they do not want to be raped by the mongol warrors ○ He goes to China - Jurchen ○ After he gets the Jin he goes to Persia ○ Known for- conquering a lot of places ○ Abolishes all aristocratic titles ○ Cant enslave any mongols (stolen from muslims) ○ He worshipped blu sky moon (but let anyone do whatever religion) ○ Has no capital city, no centralized state Genghis (chingis khan) Khan dies at 60+ years old ○ They say he fell off a horse but it could have been a disease/war death ○ Genghis Khans burial sight has not been found ○ Anyone who visited it was killed ○ He doesn’t have a massive tomb  So it doesn’t get raided There wouldnt be much in it anyway He appointed his son and died beliving he didn’t achieve his destiny of conquering the whole world ○ His sons help to make a larger empire but a century later it all collapses Kublai Khan emerges - most significant ○ He is just as brutal as his grandfather who he follows ○ His goal is to get to the Song dynasty ○ The mongols are all about fear ○ Kublai defeats southern china song (YUAN dynasty) - he embraces buddhism, judaism , islam, and christianity (he supported buddhist moknks cuz they liked him so they could stay safe ○ Sui, tang, song, yuan, ming, chin (ish) ○ He continues his expansion - heads to vietnam, cambodia and burma, java, the mongols do not have a very good navy ○ He doesn’t do well because they are nomadic pastoralists - they also find no land and do bad ○ He launches a sea invasion against Japan a hurricane hits, they dont see them coming ○ They fail in these attempts and fail, lose many ships The Golden Horde - Russia ○ Ogedei gets some men and heads to russia for land Shah history - was bad and the mongols didnt like them Arab and muslim world stio them They realized they needed to rule different parts of the empire different ○ They wanted the chinese to believe that they were above china ○ They said mongols cant marry chinese ○ And chinese could not learn mongol language Mongols didnt like the Confucian scholars Buddhist monks support the mongols ○ To not die ○ Mongol could use him to his benefit him Marco Polo and his dad are italian merchants ○ He arrives in the court of kublai khan ○ He serves in the court of kublai for a little bit (10 years, he was high ranking as well) ○ Marco polo was the first one to tell the europeans and this is bad because The good yassa ○ A list of rules that are used for governing ○ Women can move more freely, missionaries in islam and other religions help The last mongol khan dies and has not heir and they were more connected with the Persians Bionic plague - starts in china/asia first and then moves to europe  ○The nomadic people get out and run away - disease does better in highly pop. places Golden Horde in Russia ○ Mongols go to find land but all they find are trees Satraps and having local administrators, they have to pay taxes Tamerlain: Timor the Lame (walks with a limp so this is his nickname) Turkish, not related to genghis khan (not even mongolian) He wants to be the mongolian khan Goal is to recreate what Genghis had created Conquers through Persia and Afghanistan ○ Makes his presence known after the Golden Horde Tamerlain- he sacked the city is destroyed and only vultures could have gone there, this was in India and was just like Genghis Khan No central government, no central administration system, ruled by tribal leaders He wanted to be mongol so badddd He died going to battle in china Ottomans The terrible turks They are a powerhouse The “sick man of Europe” Important- they go to Constantinople in 1453 ○ Constantinople is destroyed by Osman and it is called Istanbul Become major empire in eastern part of europe The third “roman empire” Axum - only Christian place in Ethiopia 3,000 BCE Chapter 18: BANTU MIGRATION ○ Most migration came from West Africa to the rest ○ East side (Swahili states) ○ South side (Great Zimbabwe) Bananas ○ They start growing them from asia to madagascar ○ Millet, yam, sorghum ○ They domesticate chickens and other animals ○ Growing crops - population goes up ○ They start as a stateless society - with kinship and small leaders ○ If someone messes up its everyone in the groups job to discipline them ○ Ghana and Mali are the main ones in west africa Arabs - control most of the Northern Africa Islam in africa is different from the middle east africa is more strict with islam  Camel is significant domesticated animals, created camel saddle, caravans Sahara Desert - it was not as dry back in the days Ghana 4th and 5th century Located between niger and senegal river They control gold trade Ghana rulers were absolute - like egyptian pharoahs Ghana empire had a lot of wealth Horses were covered with gold and had three stables each Gold was on every clothing and he has money ○ A lot of the gold - they take ISlam and but also worship some of there personal things Mali kingdom Founded by Sundiata Keita (his mom was a hunchback) who destroyed the Ghana empire Sundiata was born disabled but later could feel Many people liked him though, he was Mansa Musa takes over and becomes the new leader, practiced Islam but was devout (unlike the Ghana) he goes on a trip to the Haj as well Mansa Musa goes from Mali to Mecca with some poor people and commoners and he hands out gold (he caused inflation and golds value to go down 20 percent) Builds mosques, timbuktu, genna, and gao, universities are built khadis (judges are brought) Known for spreading the actual islam religion ○ West africans bring agriculture and metallurgy back when they migrated to southern africa ○ Banana is the main crop that came from africa- yams, sorghum, cattle, sheep, West Africa, Ghana ○ Gold in Ghana - trade relations were mostly trans-saharan trade, domesticated camels (Arabs had mastered it first) ○ Slaves and Ivory traded to the North, they want salt though, this is a constant ○ Jenne, Gao Mali ○ Sundiata is the founder of Mali, lion king, brutal, founder ○ Mansa Musa is very wealthy Dedication to Islam, going to Haj, built many mosques in Mali ○ Mansa Musa brings priests back and helps to educate people on Islam East Coast - east Africa, Swahili states - Kilwa and Mogadishu, 1,000 c.e. (golden age) ○ They traded with people already- gold, ivory, silver, and slaves → they get silk and spices due to ○ Swahili means on the coast Griots = Oral storytellers of Great Zimbabwe ○ 18,000 people  ○ Controlled the gold trade in the south ○ They would trade mainly with Swahili states ○ It is for cooperation purposes Africa = very diverse, kinship groups (family and extended family, in Africa their is no belief in land ownership) ○ Slavery in Africa People in dept, witches Having a slave was a sign of wealth - and you could show class Men did specialized physical tasks - harsher and tougher more demanding tasks Women did domestic house work, more matriarchical, Islam does not make it so you need to have male domination Age grades - at certain ages you have to do certain things, ○ Religion Starts monotheistic with the one creator god (who was a male) Soon becomes more polytheistic Omnipotent and created the world - soon had more dieties, like for the sun, wind, etc. Axum had more churches and was christian in northwest Africa