Personal Relationship PDF

# Personal Relationship - **What is personal relationship?** - The concept of relationship is very broad and complex. - Personal relationship refers to close connection between people, formed by emotional bonds and interactions. - A healthy relationship with friends is a source of lifet...

# Personal Relationship - **What is personal relationship?** - The concept of relationship is very broad and complex. - Personal relationship refers to close connection between people, formed by emotional bonds and interactions. - A healthy relationship with friends is a source of lifetime happiness. - **How are attachments developed?** - Attachment theory is a concept in developmental psychology that concerns the importance of “attachment” in personal development. - It makes the claim that the ability for an individual to form an emotional and physical attachment to another person gives a sense of stability and security to grow and develop as a personality. # Attachment Styles - By: Ainsworth Blehar, Waters and Wall (1978) - **Secure attachment**: When the primary caregivers are most of the time present and available - **Avoidant attachment**: When the primary caregivers are cold and detached, and even unresponsive to a child's need. - **Anxious, ambivalent attachment**: When the primary caregivers are not consistent in terms of presence and in meeting a child’s emotional needs - **What drives attraction?** - Attraction is the first stage in a continuum of stage that lead to intimacy and commitment. - Attraction is primarily based on physiology or certain hormones that persons who get attracted often pick up with their uses. # The Three Stages of Falling in Love 1. **Lust**: Sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen 2. **Attraction**: Is described as a love-structure phase, which involves neurotransmitters in the brain. 3. **Attachment**: When the couple in love decides to continue with the relationship, they enter the “attachment stage” where long lasting commitments are exchanged, and may lead to raising a family # Commitment - Commitment is an act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live and live by agreements made with another person, entity, or cause. - Values and integrity and respect serve as a guide to one’s behavior thinking. - Commitment in a love relationship is expressed continuously in caring and loving actions for the beloved. # Passion - Passion, as defined in generic terms, is the intense state of being that drives and consumes a person to pursue an interest, a vision or a person. # Responsibilities In a Relationship - Be realistic of what you think and say to the other person - Be responsible for what you promise to do or not to do. - Ensure the relationship is mutually beneficial. - Respect the other party or parties involved. - Be ready to provide support when needed. # Transference Effect - These are the times we meet people we immediately like or dislike. Usually, these people remind us of someone in the past who affected our sense of self and our behavior. - **Propinquity Effect**: We often develop a sense of familiarity with people who live close to us, work with us, or go to school with us, which leads us to liking them more. People we are familiar with make us feel safe and secure. - **Similarity**: We often like people who we have similarities with such as social class, background, religious beliefs, age, and education. - **Reciprocity**: We like people who like us back. A stronger basis for liking another person than similarity. - **Physical attractiveness**: Major factor in liking someone, and usually, first impression counts a lot too. Connotes positive health and reproductive fitness, unique to human survival. - **Physical attractiveness**: Empathetic and optimistic. - **Other personality trait**: Found desirable in almost all cultures are having happy and cheerful, disposition, poised, and can present themselves well, outgoing, and sexually warm and responsive. # What is Love? - **Love and intimacy**: A strong feeling of affection and concern toward another person, as that arising from kinship of close friendship; a strong feeling of affection and concern for another person accompanied by sexual attraction; a feeling of devotion or adoration toward God or a good; a feeling of kindness or concern by God or god toward human; and sexual desire or activity; the pleasures of love; a night of love. - **Intimacy**: Being intimate with another person is about being open and vulnerable to that person, whom we deeply trust, whom we feel connected with, and who values us with unconditional positive regard. - **10 levels of intimacy**: Communication is a key component of intimacy. # Social Influence - **Compliance**: When a person seems requested or required of him. - **Identification**: When a person influence by someone he or she likes or looks up to. - **Internalization**: When a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately. # Social Relationship - **What is Social Relationship?** - Social relationship tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure and still be exclusive and may demand certain of loyalty. - Examples are fraternities or religious organizations. - **What is Social Influence?** - As things such as behavior, actions, attitude, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring a change in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behaviors of persons as a result of the actions of another person. # Other Type of Social Influence - **Conformity**: Is a type of social influence that involves a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others. - **Conversion**: Occurs when an individual wholeheartedly changes his/her original thinking and belief, actions, and attitudes to align with those of other members. - **Minority influence**: Happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by a much smaller number of people and when the minority’s way of looking at and doing things are accepted. - **Reactance**: Is when there is a willing rejection of social influence being exerted on an individual or group. - **Obedience**: Is another form of social influence where a person follows what someone tells him or her to do, although it may not necessarily reflect the person’s set of beliefs. - **Persuasion**: Is used by one person or group to influence another person’s beliefs, actions, or attitudes by appearing to reason or emotions. # The Theories of Leadership - **Trait Theory**: This theory defines leadership based on certain personality traits which are generally suited for all leaders. - **Behavioral Theory**: This theory presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, and that leaders are defined according to certain types of behavior, and the leaders defined according to certain types of behavior they exhibit. - **Situational Theory**: This theory assumes that there is no one style of leadership and that leadership behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into consideration how followers behave. - **Transactional Theory**: A transaction or negotiation of resources or position and usually employs, reward and punishment. - **Transformational**: This theory involves a vision, which a leader uses to rally support from followers. # Leadership and Followership Theories - **What is leadership and leader?** - **Leadership**: Leadership is a matter of action, not position. We often confuse leadership and authority. For instance, a person can be aligned/assigned as the leader of the group, but without exhibiting leadership behavior and vise versa a person, who is not assigned as a leader, can still exhibit leadership behavior. - **Leader**: A leader is an individual person who is assigned or delegated to be the leader of a group, team, organization, or similar. # Authentic Leadership - **Leadership is situational**. This means that leaders’ behavior and what is required of him will always be influenced by the situation. - **Leadership is not hierarchical**. Is not based on one’s position in an organizational chart alone but also dependent on other factors which, such characteristics and even connections. - **Leadership is relational**. Leaders and followers establish a relationship where their interest are mutually met. - **Leader member exchange (LMX) Theory**. LMX theory states that a leader’s effectiveness is measured by the quality of his relationship with his followers, and different types of relationship can evolve between leader and follower in a certain work situation. # Heroic Leadership - **Referred to the type of leadership that the members of the society of Jesus live by.** # Four Principles of Leadership Fallacies - **Self-awareness**: Knowing and understanding fully our strengths and challenges, our way of looking at things, and even our emotions and set of values that we live by. - **Ingenuity**: This type is not stuck in his comfort zone because the world is constantly changing. - **Love**: A healthy self-concept generates a healthy and positive attitude when dealing with other people. - **Heroism**: Is about motivating and inspiring other people to reach higher goals for bigger and greater things. # Family Structure - **Group of individuals living under one roof and usually under one head**. - **Two or more person who share resources, share responsibility for decisions, share values, and goals, and have a commitment to each other over time. # Different Types of Families - **Nuclear Family**: Is the traditional family setup that makes the majority of all families. - **Extended Family**: Is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and others. # Four Elements Followers Want From a Leader - **Authenticity**: Is not afraid to show his or her weaknesses. - **Significance**: Provides the reason or meaning for followers to believe in. - **Excitement**: Motivation and inspiration to his or her followers. - **Community**: Builds a community of followers with whom they can associate and form relationships. # Authoritative Family - **Authoritative Parents**: Are those who insists on their child learning important values, norms, and rules, but are also willing to sit down to listen and negotiate with them, should they resist. # Family Heredity - **The process by which parents pass on their genes to their children.** - **Example**: Eye color, height, complexion, hair color, talent. # Genogram - **Is a graphical map of family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationship.** # Person and Career - **August Turak**: Author of the book “Business Secrets of the Trappist Monks” - **Wrote an article about what leaders must know about personal development**. - **His proposition**: Purpose of developing ourselves is not just for success career in the future, but for us to become the best person that we ever can be. - **“Personal Development is not a tool for reaching a bigger goal, becoming a complete human being is already the biggest and most noble goal you can achieve.”** # Single Parents - Families consist of one parent with one or more children. The parent can be single but of choice, death of spouse, or as a result of a divorce. # Blended Family - Also known as step family. # Grand Parent Family - The children are brought up by the grand parents. # Same Sex Family - Where they are children naturally or other parent or adopted. # Childless - With two partners who cannot have or don’t want kids. # Adoptive Family - One in which a child is legally adopted. # Influence of Family Structure - The family is considered the first place where growing, children learn their basic skills. - Family influence may vary based on the family structure. # What is Career? - **Career** is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found a good match between his life goals, skills, personality, and interest with dream job, or it may just be to earn a living. - **Career can be changed throughout time, and this has been proven ever often**, such as medical doctors who, after so many years of studies and practice, decided to pursue his passion. # Four Career Development Theories ## Trait Factor - **Skills**, **values**, **interest**, and **personality characteristics** are analyzed, and match with job factor or occupational profile. ## Psychological - **Developed by Jahn Holland.** - People in search of their career path are often confused because they mix their dominant type with their other preference. ## Decision - **By Albert Bandura's.** A person may exercise control over his or her thought, beliefs and actions and what self-efficacy. ## Development - **(Or the lifespan of Lifespace theory)** - By Donald Super, a human is always in constant change, and go through life learning, and doing new things, while changing roles in the process. # Internal Factors Affecting One’s Choice of Career 1. **Self Concept or Self Identity**: If your self-identity is not as it should be, then choosing a career or even course to take up in college will be difficult. 2. **Personal Preference**: You might have decided to take up accountancy, your mother told you that being a nurse like one of your aunts will help you earn a lot of money, especially when you work abroad. 3. **Motivation**: The drive fullfillories fullest potential. 4. **Self Confidence**: Notwithstanding the challenges an adolescent faces. 5. **Personal Skills**: Certain skills. 6. **Personality Characteristics**: Knowing yourself will help you in choosing a career. 7. **Personal Beliefs**: Major factor in their choice. 8. **Emotional Consideration**: It is difficult to make a decision when one is experiencing strong emotions such as anger or sadness. 9. **Self-sabotaging thoughts**: Are thoughts that deter a person from developing a healthy and wholesome self-concept. # Career Pathway - **External factors that may influence:** - Parental preference, family consideration, financial constraints, and job market preference. - School location, gender bias, language limitations, peer pressure, and academic performance.