PDHPE Drugs & Alcohol Revision Questions PDF

Drugs & Alcohol – Revision Questions 1. What are the main categories of drugs? Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens, and Opioids. 2. How do each of the different types/categories of drugs affect a person? Stimulants: Increase alertness, energy (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines). Depre...

Drugs & Alcohol – Revision Questions 1. What are the main categories of drugs? Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens, and Opioids. 2. How do each of the different types/categories of drugs affect a person? Stimulants: Increase alertness, energy (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines). Depressants: Slow down the central nervous system, causing relaxation or sleepiness (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines). Hallucinogens: Distort perception, cause hallucinations (e.g., LSD, magic mushrooms). Opioids: Relieve pain, cause euphoria, but can lead to addiction (e.g., heroin, morphine). 3. What are examples for each category? Stimulants: Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Caffeine Depressants: Alcohol, Valium, Xanax Hallucinogens: LSD, Psilocybin (Magic mushrooms) Opioids: Heroin, Oxycodone, Morphine 4. How can different drugs/alcohol use impact a person's physical and social health? Physical health: Can cause organ damage, dependence, overdose, impaired brain function. Social health: May lead to relationship problems, isolation, job loss, legal issues. 5. What factors impact the experience a person has when they drink or do drugs? The person: Age, gender, mental health, tolerance, physical health. The environment: Setting, presence of friends, social pressures. The drug: Potency, method of intake, combination with other substances. 6. What is the difference between a positive and negative risk? Examples for each? Positive risk: Taking a risk that leads to personal growth or positive outcomes (e.g., applying for a new job). Negative risk: A risk that can cause harm (e.g., driving drunk). 7. How many grams of alcohol are in 1 standard drink? 10 grams of alcohol in one standard drink in Australia. 8. Alcohol content and drink sizes: Vodka: Average 40%, 30ml = 1 standard drink. Beer (full strength): Average 4.8%, 285ml = 1 standard drink. Wine: Average 13%, 100ml = 1 standard drink. Pre-mix (e.g., vodka-based): Average 5-7%, 250-330ml = 1 standard drink. 9. What is Pre-drinking/Pre-loading? Definition: Drinking alcohol before going to a party or event. Reasons: To save money, increase confidence. Dangers: Increases risk of binge drinking, accidents, poor decision-making. 10. Drink Spiking What is it?: Adding substances to someone’s drink without their knowledge. Most common drug used: Alcohol is the most common, but Rohypnol is also used. Symptoms: Dizziness, confusion, nausea, blackouts. At-risk individuals: Primarily women, but anyone can be targeted. Prevention: Don’t leave drinks unattended, use drink covers. If spiked: Tell someone, seek help, get medical attention. Safe Partying – Revision Questions 1. Risks when hosting a party: Damage to property, fights, underage drinking, uninvited guests. 2. Risks when attending a party: Peer pressure, drug or alcohol use, assault, accidents. 3. Strategies to stay safe: Before: Plan transport, know your limits, have a buddy system. During: Keep an eye on your drink, stay with trusted friends, know exit points. End: Use safe transport options, don’t leave with strangers. Road Safety – Revision Questions 1. Biggest causes of death on NSW roads: Speeding, alcohol/drug use, fatigue, distraction (phones). 2. Examples of crash factors: Human: Speeding, using phones, fatigue. Vehicle: Poor maintenance, faulty brakes, tires. Environment: Wet roads, poor lighting, wildlife. 3. 45% of young injury deaths are from road crashes: True. 4. Responsibilities of passengers, drivers, instructors: Driver: Obey traffic laws, no distractions. Passenger: Avoid distracting the driver. Instructor: Ensure the learner is focused and following rules. 5. Distractions causing most deaths: Phones, fatigue. 6. Consequences of car accidents: Financial: Repair costs, legal fees, insurance. Emotional/Mental: Trauma, PTSD. Physical: Injuries, disabilities. 7. Dangers of drug driving: Impaired coordination, slower reaction time, poor decision-making. 8. Alcohol’s effect on driving: Reduces concentration, delays reaction times, impairs judgment. 9. Cannabis’ effect on driving: Affects perception, coordination, and ability to focus. 10. Laws for young drivers: Zero alcohol tolerance, P-plate restrictions. These reduce young driver fatalities by minimizing risky behavior. 11. Gender most involved in fatal crashes: Men: Tend to take more risks, drive faster, engage in reckless behavior. 12. Age group most involved in crashes: 18-25-year-olds. 13. Location of most road deaths: Rural areas: Higher speeds, longer emergency response times, more risky driving. 14. Leading causes of road deaths: 1. Speeding 2. Fatigue 3. Drinking/Drugs 4. Distraction 15. Difference between harm minimisation and zero tolerance strategies: Harm minimisation: Aims to reduce the negative consequences of risky behavior (e.g., safe driving campaigns). Zero tolerance: Complete prohibition or harsh penalties for risky behavior (e.g., zero drink-driving limits). 16. Ways the Australian government minimises driving harms: Seatbelt laws, drink-driving checkpoints, speed cameras, education programs. Equity & Diversity – Revision Questions 1. Define equity with an example: Equity: Providing different levels of support based on needs (e.g., giving extra help to students with disabilities). 2. Define diversity, list 5 examples of differences: Diversity: Differences in people’s backgrounds. Examples: race, gender, age, religion, socioeconomic status. 3. Ways to celebrate diversity: Cultural festivals, inclusive workplaces, awareness programs, diverse representation in media. 4. Ways to promote diversity: Educate others, support anti-discrimination laws, advocate for equal opportunities. 5. Define adversity: Adversity: Difficult or challenging circumstances. 6. Personal skills to overcome adversity: Resilience: Bouncing back from setbacks. Problem-solving: Finding solutions to difficult situations. Empathy: Understanding others’ perspectives. 7. Examples of using personal skills: Resilience: Persisting after a failed job application. Problem-solving: Creating a study plan when struggling with school. Empathy: Helping a friend through a tough time by listening to their concerns.