PATHFIT Midterm PDF

**GENERAL OBJECTIVES:** 1. Promote Healthy Lifestyle- Physical education encourages students to adapt healthy habits and maintain active lifestyles. 2. Develop Motor Skills- Through physical education, students can improve their motor skills, coordination, and physical Fitness, helpi...

**GENERAL OBJECTIVES:** 1. Promote Healthy Lifestyle- Physical education encourages students to adapt healthy habits and maintain active lifestyles. 2. Develop Motor Skills- Through physical education, students can improve their motor skills, coordination, and physical Fitness, helping them become more confident and capable in various physical activities. 3. Faster Teamwork and Leadership- Participating in team sports and group activities helps students develop important social skills, such as communication, collaboration, and leadership. 1. Compulsory Education Laws- Physical education is often mandated by laws as a required subject in primary and secondary schools. 2. Anti-Discrimination Policies- Physical education programs must adhere to Anti-Discrimination Policies, providing equal opportunities and accomodation for students of all abilities, backgrounds, and identities. 3. Funding and Resources -- Government and educational institutions allocate funding and Resources to support physical education programs, ensuring they have the necessary equipment, facilitates and qualified instructors. **Physical education** -- is crucial part of well-rounded education, providing students with opportunities to develop their physical, mental and social skills through a variety of engaging activities and sports. **FUNCTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION:** 1. Physical development -- helps students improve their strength, endurances, flexibility, and overall physical Fitness. 2. Cognitive Development- Participation in Physical activities can enhance cognitive skills, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and concentration. 3. Social and Emotional Development -- Physical education fosters social interaction, teamwork, and emotional well-being through group activities and sports. **OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION:** 1. Promote Fitness- Encourage students to maintain a healthy lifestyle and develop physical fitness through regular exercise and activity. 2. Develop Social Skills- Foster teamwork, communication, and leadership skills through group-based physical activities and sports. 3. Enhance Cognitive Abilities -- improve cognitive function, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision-making, through physical engagement. 4. Promote Well-being -- Enhance students overall well-being, including mental, emotional, and Physical health, through positive physical experience. **PHYSICAL FITNESS** -- is a state of health and well-being and more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities. It's the ability to perform ones daily task efficiently without undue fatique and still have an extra energy to enjoy leisure activities but with extra "reserve" in case of emergency. **TWO CATEGORIES OF COMPONENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS:** 1. **HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS** (Flexibility, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Strength, muscular endurance, body composition) 2. **PERFORMANCE -- RELATED COMPONENTS** (Agility, Balance, Coordination, Speed and Power) **CONCEPTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS:** 1. Organic vigor- soundness of the heart and lungs, which contributes to the ability to resist diseases. 2. Endurance- the ability to sustain long continue contractions where a number of muscle are used. 3. Strength- the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking. 4. Power -- the ability of muscle to release maximum force in a shortest period of time 5. Flexibility -- quality of placticity, which gives the ability to do wide range of movement. 6. Agility -- the ability of an individual to change direction or position with the quickness and lightness of movement. 7. Balance -- the ability to control organic equipment neuromasculary- q state of equilibrium. 8. Speed- ability to make successive movements in the shortest period of time. **HEALTH RELATED FITNESS** -- is a function of body's adaption to exercise. **5 components of health related fitness:** Isotonic contraction -- are voluntary contractions in which muscles shorten and lengthen alternately. **2 contraction types:** a. Concentric contraction -- refers to muscle shorten during exercise b. Eccentric contraction -- refers to the muscle that lengthen during exercise. Isometric contraction -- the muscle are contracted against in immovable resistance. Muscles contracts but does not shorten. Isokenetic contractions -- refers to the ability of the muscle to endure a sub maximal effort for a prolonged period of time. **Important variables when engaging in cardiovascular endurance:** 1. Intensity - how stressful the exercise is. 2. Duration -- how long will the exercise be performed. 3. Frequency -- number of times the individual will exercise in a week 4. Mode- kind of activity. **FOUR BASIC MOVEMENT:** 1. FLEXION- movement that causes the angle between the bones of a joint to decrease. 2. EXTENSION -- ability to flex or stretch the trunk and back muscles as far as possible. 3. ABDUCTION -- move a limb part towards the body 4. ADDUCTION -- moving limb away from the midline of your body. **2 CATEGORY OF BALANCE:** 1. Static balance- ability to maintain equilibrium in a fixed position such as standing on one foot or on a balance beam. 2. Dynamic balance -- ability to maintain equilibrium while the body is in motion. Coordination -- harmonious working relationship between the skeletal muscle and nerves in one aspects of movement. **TYPES OF STRETCHING:** 1. Ballistic Stretching -- uses muscles contraction to force muscle elongation bobbing movement quickly elongates the muscle with each repetition. 2. Static Stretching -- involves slowly stretching a segment of the body to the farthest point and holding that position for at least 15-30 seconds. 3. Dynamic Stretching -- is the use of muscle's own force production and the body's momentum to take a joint through the full available range of motion. 4. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) -- it involves the contra-relax approach to stretching. During the contra-relax, the partner attempts to move the limb at its lengthened range of motion. 1. Ectomorph -- body type is characterized as lean and small body build with greater surface area to mass ratio 2. Mesomorph -- body type has relative predominance of muscle. The bones are usually large and heavy. 3. Endomorph -- body type is characterized by a relative predominance of soft roundness and large digestive viscera. Somatotypes -- are special interest to fitness enthusiast and athletes. It helps the individual understand the extent of weight reduction exercise program. **PERFORMANCE RELATED FITNESS** -- refers to the quality of ones movement skill. Nutrition -- refers to the food intake, which is the key to any level of physical conditioning. Nutrient- refers to the substance in food provides structural of functional components or energy to the body Essential nutrients -- refers to the substance that must be obtained from the diet. **THE FOOD GROUPS:** 1. Carbohydrates -- rich in bold foods. These are the energy giving foods. 2. Protein -rich foods- These are the building blocks of the body as they build and repair body tissue. 3. Fat-rich foods -- They protect the internal organs and provide essential fatty acids, but they are realatively inefficient in the production of energy. 4. Vitamin and mineral-rich foods- are the body regulator of metabolic process. Sources of most vitamins and minerals are greeny and yellow vegetables and fruits **6 major nutrients:** 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water Kenneth Cooper -- determines your weight Male: height in inches times 4 minus 128 = lbs Female: height in inches times 3.5 minus 108 = lbs **Go foods**- foods that provides energy, typically rich in carbohydrates **Glow foods**- high in vitamins and minerals that helps maintain overall health and improves skin, eyes, and immune system. **Grow foods**- foods help in the development and repair of body tissues.