Part I - 03 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PDF

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 3.1 Purpose This chapter describes minimum requirements for selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 3.2 References Saudi Aramco (SA) General Instructions (GIs): GI 2.721, Electrical Ar...

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 3.1 Purpose This chapter describes minimum requirements for selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 3.2 References Saudi Aramco (SA) General Instructions (GIs): GI 2.721, Electrical Arc Flash Hazard Mitigation GI 8.002, Safety Spectacles GI 8.005, Protective (Safety) Footwear GI 1780.001, Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators SA Engineering Standard (SAES): SAES-A-105, Noise Control SA Safety Management Guide Flame Resistant Clothing (FRC) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA) ANSI/ISEA Z87.1, American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices ANSI/ISEA Z89.1, American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA): ANSI/AIHA Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1926, Subpart E, Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 1 of 11 3.3 General Requirements 3.3.1 When a hazardous situation is recognized, steps shall be taken to mitigate the risk associated with exposure to the hazard by first evaluating whether or not the hazard can be eliminated. If this proves infeasible, then the Saudi Aramco hierarchy of controls (e.g, engineering or administrative controls) shall be used. If engineering and administrative controls do not adequately mitigate the hazard, PPE shall be used to protect personnel from the hazard as a last resort. 3.3.2 At a minimum, hard hats, safety glasses, and safety shoes shall be worn in SA restricted areas and project work sites. Additional PPE shall be selected and used based upon the results of a documented risk-based PPE needs analysis, which shall consider the exposure hazards, materials handled, and activities performed by personnel. Contractor’s documented PPE needs analysis shall be made available to the SA proponent organization (SAPO) upon request. 3.3.3 Supervisors shall ensure their personnel are trained in inspection, use, maintenance, and storage of PPE according to the manufacturer’s instructions and this chapter. 3.3.4 PPE shall meet applicable ANSI requirements or equivalent as specified in writing by the SA Loss Prevention Department. 3.3.5 Proper PPE (e.g., correct for type of exposure, sized to fit the worker, meets applicable standards, no defects) shall be provided to personnel when/where required. 3.3.6 See Chapter IV-2, Marine Operations, for additional PPE requirements for work on, over or near water. 3.3.7 PPE shall be visually inspected by the user before each use. Defective or damaged PPE shall not be used and shall be immediately replaced. 3.3.8 PPE that has exceeded its useable service life shall be immediately replaced. 3.3.9 Clothing shall be free of holes, excessive wear and other defects. Only proper work clothing (e.g., coveralls, long pants and sleeved shirt) shall be worn by personnel performing construction, maintenance and operations work (e.g., traditional loose flowing “Eastern” style clothing shall not be worn, since it presents tripping and entanglement hazards). 3.4 Head Protection 3.4.1 Personnel shall wear approved hard hats in designated areas, including (1) construction sites, (2) operating plant areas, (3) where there are overhead objects or activities that can result in falling or flying objects, or (4) when performing activities that have potential electrical shock or burn hazards to the head. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 2 of 11  3.4.2 Hard hats shall meet ANSI Z89.1, Type “1’’, Class “E” (electrical) requirements and shall consist of a shell, suspension cradle and, optionally, a chin strap. 3.4.3 Hard hat suspension cradles shall be properly adjusted. There shall be a minimum 3.8 cm (1.5 inches) clearance between the top of the cradle and the inside of the hard hat shell. 3.4.4 Hard hats shall bear identification on the inside of the shell stating the name of the manufacturer, ANSI Z89.1 compliance, date of manufacture and class of the hard hat. 3.4.5 When earmuffs, welder’s shields and/or face shields are required they shall be compatible with the hard hat used. 3.4.6 Hard hats shall not be painted, have holes drilled in them or have large stickers applied to them. 3.4.7 Hard hats shall be destroyed if they have been damaged (e.g., have a hole, gouge, crack or defective suspension cradle), painted or experienced a sharp impact. 3.4.8 Metallic hard hats shall not be used. 3.4.9 Hard hats shall be worn in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 3.4.10 Hard hats shall be replaced not more than 5 years from the date of manufacture stamped/printed/embossed on the inside of the shell or as otherwise recommended by the manufacturer (e.g., every 3 years). 3.5 Eye and Face Protection 3.5.1 Eye and face protection devices shall meet ANSI Z87.1 requirements. 3.5.2 Approved safety eyewear with side protection shall be worn in Saudi Aramco restricted areas, other areas specifically designated by the SAPO, and as needed to protect the worker’s eyes from flying particles, chemicals, etc. 3.5.3 Prescription safety glasses (spectacles) with side shields and shatter-proof lenses, or over glasses that completely cover the worker’s regular prescription glasses, shall be provided at no charge to personnel requiring them. 3.5.4 Additional approved hazard-specific eye/face protection (e.g., safety goggles, face shield) shall be worn as needed to protect the worker’s face and neck from flying particles, sprays of hazardous liquids, splashes of molten metal, etc. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 3 of 11  3.5.5 Selection, fit and use of eye and face protection devices shall be based on the hazard and the visual needs/limitations of the intended user. See Figure 3.1 for examples of typical eye and face protection devices. 3.5.6 Safety glasses or goggles shall always be worn under a face shield and welding helmet. 3.5.7 Personnel working with or near hazardous liquids shall wear splash-proof goggles with rubber seals that fit flush against the face, including with a face shield if required. See Chapter I-10, Hazardous Materials. 3.5.8 Electrical workers shall wear an arc rated face shield or arc flash hood as required by GI 2.721. 3.5.9 Personnel performing welding operations shall wear an approved welder’s helmet with the proper lens shade. Torch welders, cutters, and brazers shall wear special shaded goggles. See Chapter II-10, Cutting, Welding, and Brazing. Safety glasses with side shields Face shield Safety goggles Welding helmet Figure 3.1 Typical Eye and Face Protection Devices 3.6 Hand Protection 3.6.1 Gloves shall be selected and worn based on the materials or equipment being handled. Gloves shall be resistant to hazards specific to the job; such as, but not limited to: hot surfaces, corrosive or toxic chemicals, abrasion, sharp edges, high voltage/electrical, and cold surfaces/cryogenics. See Figure 3.2 for examples of typical types of gloves. The following is a guide to the most common types of protective work gloves and the types of hazards they can guard against: CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 4 of 11   Disposable Gloves. Disposable gloves, usually made of lightweight plastic, can help guard against mild irritants.  Fabric Gloves. Cotton or fabric blends are generally used to improve grip when handling slippery objects. They also help insulate hands from mild heat or cold.  Leather Gloves. These gloves are used to guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough surfaces. They are also used in combination with an insulated liner when working with electricity.  Chemical Resistant Gloves. These gloves may be made of rubber, neoprene, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl, etc. The gloves protect hands from corrosives, oils, and solvents. Table 3.3 is a guide to the different types of glove materials and the chemicals they can be used against. When selecting chemical resistant gloves, be sure to consult the manufacturers’ recommendations, especially if the gloved hand will be immersed in the chemical. 3.6.2 Gloves shall be the proper size to fit the wearer’s hand to ensure proper grip. One size does not fit all. 3.6.3 High-voltage rubber gloves with leather protectors shall be worn by electrical workers as required. See GI 2.721 and Chapter III-3, Electrical Equipment, for more information including inspection and maintenance requirements. 3.6.4 Gloves shall not be worn near moving machinery/rotating equipment or when they could present a safety hazard (e.g., where gloves could get caught between moving machinery parts). Heat resistant Abrasion resistant (leather) Chemical resistant High voltage Figure 3.2 Typical Glove Types CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 5 of 11 Table 3.3 Typical Glove Selection Criteria Type Advantages Disadvantages Use Against Natural rubber Low cost, good Poor vs. oils, greases, Bases, alcohols, dilute water physical organics. Frequently solutions; fair vs. aldehydes, properties, imported; may be poor ketones. dexterity quality Natural rubber blends Low cost, Physical properties Same as natural rubber dexterity, better frequently inferior to chemical natural rubber resistance than natural rubber vs. some chemicals Polyvinyl chloride Low cost, very Plasticizers can be Strong acids and bases, salts, (PVC) good physical stripped; frequently other water solutions, properties, imported, may be poor alcohols medium cost, quality medium chemical resistance Neoprene Medium cost, N/A Oxidizing acids, anilines, medium chemical phenol, glycol ethers resistance, medium physical properties Nitrile Low cost, Poor vs. benzene, Oils, greases, aliphatic excellent physical methylene chloride, chemicals, xylene, properties, trichloroethylene, many perchloroethylene, dexterity ketones trichloroethane, fair vs. toluene Butyl Speciality glove, Expensive, poor vs. Glycol ethers, ketones, esters polar organics hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents Polyvinyl alcohol Specialty glove, Very expensive, water Aliphatics, aromatics, (PVA) resists a very broad sensitive, poor vs. light chlorinated solvents, ketones range of organics, alcohols (except acetone), esters, good physical ethers properties Fluoro- elastomer Specialty glove, Extremely expensive, Aromatics, chlorinated (Viton) ™ * organic solvents poor physical solvents, also aliphatics and properties, poor vs. alcohols some ketones, esters, amines Norfoil (Silver Shield) Excellent chemical Poor fit, easily Use for Hazmat work resistance punctures, poor grip, stiff CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 6 of 11 3.7 Foot Protection 3.7.1 Approved safety footwear with a defined heel shall be worn in field operations, process areas, and other designated areas. Foot protection shall comply with GI 8.005 requirements. 3.7.2 Safety footwear shall be selected and used based on the need for oil/abrasion/chemical/impact resistance, heat protection, electrical insulation, and comfort. 3.7.3 Safety footwear shall fit properly and shall be worn to cover the entire foot, including the heel. 3.7.4 Safety footwear shall have leather uppers and/or leather composition with steel or nonmetallic composite toecaps. Soles and heels shall be of the nonslip type. However, when working in water or wet areas requiring waterproof footwear, rubber safety boots are allowed. 3.7.5 Personnel working with or near jackhammers, soil compactors, and concrete breakers shall wear proper safety shoes with metatarsal guards. 3.7.6 Nonconductive safety shoes shall be worn by anyone working on electrical equipment. Safety shoes shall not be used when working on electrical equipment if the shoe becomes wet, the rubber sole is worn through, or metal particles become embedded in the shoe’s sole or heel. 3.8 Hearing Protection 3.8.1 Ample supplies of approved hearing protection (e.g., earplugs) shall be provided at the job site and shall be worn in high noise areas (i.e., 85 decibels [dBA] or higher). 3.8.2 Plain cotton earplugs shall not be used for hearing protection. 3.8.3 Personnel shall not be exposed to impulse or impact noise levels that exceed the requirements of SAES-A-105. The need for additional hearing protection devices shall be evaluated prior to performing work. 3.8.4 Disposable earplugs shall be discarded at the end of each shift. 3.9 Body Protection 3.9.1 Body protection shall be provided and worn by personnel as needed to protect against hazards such as flash fire, electrical arc flash (see GI 2.721), abrasive blasting, welding, handling asbestos, corrosive liquids, etc. This protection may include flame resistant clothing (FRC), Tyvek®, leather, or impermeable materials. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 7 of 11  3.9.2 FRC shall be provided to and worn by SA and contractor personnel in the specific locations and operating areas where the SAPO has assessed the flash fire hazard and determined that FRC is required. 3.9.3 FRC for protection against flash fire shall be per the SA Safety Management Guide for Flame Resistant Clothing (FRC). The FRC specified in this safety management guide does not provide sufficient protection against electrical arc flash hazards. The proper arc flash rated PPE shall be provided and worn per GI 2.721. 3.10 Fall Protection PPE used to protect against the risk of falling and related requirements are contained in Chapter II-5, Fall Protection. 3.11 Respiratory Protection Equipment (RPE) 3.11.1 General RPE Requirements A. RPE shall be provided and used by personnel exposed to air contaminants exceeding the permissible exposure limit (PEL). See Figure 3.3 for various types of RPE. B. RPE shall meet ANSI Z88.2 requirements. C. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) shall be positive-pressure type. Negative-pressure SCBA shall not be used. D. Breathing air compressors shall be operated and maintained in accordance with Chapter III-2, Mechanical and Heavy Equipment. E. Breathing air quality shall meet Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Grade ‘D’ requirements (see GI 1780.001) and shall be supplied via an SCBA, air-line cascade system, or air-fed hoods with proper particulate/moisture filters and air temperature monitoring. F. An atmosphere-supplying respirator shall be used when an unknown or oxygen-deficient atmosphere could exist, or in the presence of toxic hazards where a cartridge/filter RPE is inadequate (e.g., H2S). G. Personnel shall perform a face seal fit check to ensure a proper seal prior to every use. H. RPE shall be inspected by the user before and after each use. I. RPE maintained for emergency situations shall be inspected at least weekly. J. RPE shall be cleaned and sanitized after use. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 8 of 11  K. RPE shall be stored in a manner to protect from physical damage, dust, sunlight, heat, or damaging chemicals. 3.11.2 Supervisor RPE Responsibilities Supervisors shall: A. Identify respiratory hazards and evaluate personnel risk in the work area. B. Select the appropriate RPE for the specific hazard(s). C. Verify RPE meets ANSI Z88.2. D. Verify that filters, cartridges and/or RPE are correct and rated for use in the intended atmosphere. E. Ensure personnel are properly trained on the hazards requiring RPE and the proper use, maintenance, and storage of RPE. F. Fit-test users while they are wearing the correct type and size of RPE to confirm there is a proper face mask seal to prevent leakage. G. Ensure that other PPE (e.g., safety glasses) does not interfere with the proper fit of the RPE. H. Ensure/verify the exposure does not exceed the manufacturer’s limits for the selected RPE, filter, or breathing air (e.g., could decrease RPE effectiveness by clogging the filter). I. Conduct periodic RPE inspections and document the findings. Copies shall be submitted to the SAPO upon request. 3.11.3 RPE Training Employees shall be trained on how to use RPE safely and efficiently. This training shall include: A. Specific hazards the RPE is designed to protect against. B. How to wear the RPE, the proper position on the face, where to place the head straps, and how to adjust strap tension. C. The role of exhalation valves and filters. D. How to properly clean and store RPE. E. How to identify when RPE is no longer safe to use (e.g., mask is defective, filter/cartridge has exceeded its allowable exposure limits). F. The warning signs indicating RPE failure. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 9 of 11  3.11.4 Proper Usage of RPE Personnel shall: A. Not use air-purifying (cartridge type) RPE when potential exposure levels are unknown, above the RPE-rated capacity, or at or above the immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentration of the material. B. Not use air-purifying (cartridge type) RPE in oxygen-deficient atmospheres (i.e., less than 20% oxygen) or for gases and vapors with poor warning properties (e.g., no odor or deadens the sense of smell). C. Not use incorrect cartridges or filters for the type and concentration of air contaminant. D. Not use defective equipment. E. Not use equipment without receiving adequate training. F. Not wear improperly fitting or modified equipment. G. Not mix and match RPE parts from different manufacturers. H. Not use dust masks for protection against hazardous vapors or gases that require respiratory protection. 3.11.5 Air Supplied RPE A. When air supplied RPE is required, full-face, positive-pressure type air- supplied RPE shall be used. Half-face or negative-pressure type air- supplied RPE shall not be used. B. Full-face air-line RPE shall not be used when air contaminant concentrations are unknown or expected to be over 1,000 times the PEL. SCBA shall be used when air contaminant concentrations are unknown or could be over 1,000 times the PEL. C. Five-minute escape packs shall be attached to air-line RPE when exposure levels exceed the IDLH level. D. Only CGA Grade ‘D’ or better breathing air shall be provided to air supplied RPE. E. Breathing air quality shall be checked periodically to ensure air quality is maintained. See Chapter III-2, Mechanical and Heavy Equipment. Test results shall be logged/maintained. F. Air delivered to air-line RPE shall be no hotter than 37.8 °C (100 °F). Use of air-cooling devices (e.g., vortex tubes) may be necessary. CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 10 of 11  G. Air-line RPE shall not be used when the distance from the source of breathing air to the user is greater than 91 m (300 ft). Figure 3.3 Types of RPE CSM I-3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) December 2016 Page 11 of 11