Graphics, Digital Media and Multimedia PDF

Graphics, Digital Media and Multimedia Chapter 6 Multimedia Part 1 Topics Computer Graphics Image Processing Computer vision 3D modeling Computer Aided Design (CAD) Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Presentation Graphics 2 C...

Graphics, Digital Media and Multimedia Chapter 6 Multimedia Part 1 Topics Computer Graphics Image Processing Computer vision 3D modeling Computer Aided Design (CAD) Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Presentation Graphics 2 Computer Graphics  Representation of image data by a computer, specifically with help from specialized :  Hardware: Graphics Cards, Cameras, Motion sensors, etc  Software: Adobe Photoshop, Unity, Blender, etc 3 Graphics Terminology Pixels:  Smallest element in an image.  Square shape. Image Dimensions:  Is measured by the Width x Height of a digital image  E.g. 1920 x 1080 (Full High Definition) 4 Graphic Types Bitmap Graphics (Raster graphics)  Painting pixels on the screen with a pointing device like mouse, stylus, etc.  Capturing an image with a digital camera. Vector Graphics (Object Oriented Graphics)  Pointer movements translated into lines and patterns on screen using mathematical formulas 5 Bitmap/Raster Graphics Is a rectangular grid of pixels, with each pixel's color being specified by a number of bits  File Formats: JPG, BMP, PNG, GIF Painting Software's:  MS Paint, Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, etc… Factors determining image quality:  Color Depth  Resolution 6 Color Depth Color depth or bit depth:  Is the number of bits devoted to each pixel Simple bit mapped (monochrome)  Each pixel represented by 1 bit.  Can be 0 or 1  Black or White Calculate the file size of a simple bitmap image with dimensions 250 x 200  Total Number of pixels in the image = 250 * 200 = 50,000 pixels  File size = 50,000 pixels * 1 bit/pixel = 50,000 bits [1 byte = 8 bits] 7 Color Depth Gray-scale graphics  Uses 8 bits per pixel  E.g. Allows up to 256 different shades of gray Calculate the file size of a gray-scale image with dimensions 250 x 200  Total Number of pixels in the image = 250 * 200 = 50,000 pixels  File size = 50,000 pixels * 8 bit/pixel = 400,000 bits ~ 50,000 bytes 8 Color Depth Colored Graphics  Modern PCs uses 24-bit (True Color) to display millions of colors at a time; photorealistic color.  E.g. RGB: (Red, Green, Blue) Calculate the file size of a 24-bit colored image with dimensions 250 x 200 9  Resolution Is a measurement of the pixel density of an image.  Usually measured in pixels per inch ppi or dots per inch dpi. 10 Object Oriented Graphics (Vector graphics) Vector-based graphics are scalable graphics that are built using mathematical formulas. The advantage of vector-based graphics is that they can be resized without losing image quality. Drawing Software's: Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape  File Format: SVG – scalable vector graphic 11 Bitmap Vs Vector Bitmap Vector (Obj Oriented) Stores as dots Stores as objects More memory Less memory Texture, shading and finer Lines cleaner, Shapes details smoother Good for Paintings/ Good for graphs/ charts, Photographs Logos, Drawings , 3-D graphics 12 Image Processing Filtering and cleaning  Eliminate red eye and facial blemishes Enhancing and editing  Can distort and merge photos as in tabloids  Can create fabricated images (which look real) 13 Image Processing Examples Medical field help doctors clean x-ray images Images from Moon and Mars missions are analyzed for detecting presence of any life- sustaining resources, and other natural resources. Natural Language Processing  Cleaning Captcha Phrases 14 Computer vision A field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images Some of the research areas in computer vision :  Object detection  Tracking  Action recognition  Facial Recognition 15 Object Detection 16 Tracking 17 Action Recognition YouTube Link 18 Facial Recognition Snapchat Filters 19  3D modeling Software Is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object in three dimensions via specialized software. Ability to rotate it and view from different angles Can create walk through 3D environment that exists only in memory Software Tools:  Blender, 3D Max, AutoCad, Sweet Home 3D, Unity (game engine) Dorms Nightmare GamePlay; Game Created By Walid Abu Ali& Hamad Mubarak 3D Animation Showreel, By Walid Abu Ali - BS IT Multimedia 20 3D modeling Animation Movies 21 3D modeling The Hobbit movie motion capture (YouTube) 22 3D modeling 3D home design 23  CAD- Computer Aided Design CAD is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. Cheaper and faster than design-by-hand Example:  Architects build virtual plans  Engineers design bridges as well electric schematics  Design computer chips: PCB (Printed Circuit Boards)  Test product prototypes  Medical engineers develop implants and human body models 24 CAM- Computer Aided Manufacturing CAM is the use of software to control machine tools to help manufacture products. Translates the design of a product created on computer with CAD tools, into manufacturing instructions for machine tools. 25  CIM- Computer Integrated Manufacturing Combination of CAD/CAM  Is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. Major step towards fully automated factory  Increased productivity  Enhanced flexibility  Improved quality 26 Presentation Graphics Used for Lectures, Sales demos, seminars etc. Slide shows on screens + projectors Includes images, animation and video clips Don’t condense your slide with too much text Choose correct design theme colours Example:  MS PowerPoint  Prezi 27