Parasitology Notes PDF - Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University By Prof. Maha Abou Gamra Head of Medical Parasitology Department Parasitology Click to edit Master title style It Editis a science, Master text styles which deals with Second level organisms (parasite) that l...

Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University By Prof. Maha Abou Gamra Head of Medical Parasitology Department Parasitology Click to edit Master title style It Editis a science, Master text styles which deals with Second level organisms (parasite) that live on Third level Fourth level or in other organism (host) and Fifth level causes harm to it.  Parasites Click to edit Master‫الطفيليات‬ title style Edit Master text styles Second level Third level Arthropods )‫المفصليات (الحشرات‬ Protozoa Fourth level Fifth level Helminths ‫الحيوانات األولية‬ Formed of one cell (worms) ‫الديدان‬ Have organs and systems  Helminths Click to edit Master title style (worms) Edit Master text styles Second level Trematodes Cestodes Third level (Flukes ) Fourth level (Tapeworms) Nematodes Fifth level ‫الديدان الشريطيه‬ (Cylindrical) ‫الديدان الورقيه‬ ‫االسطواانيه‬  Click to edit Master title style Edit Master text styles Second level 1. Heterophyes heterophyes Third level 2. Schistosma haematobium Fourth level Fifth level 3. S. mansoni 4. Fasciola  Click to edit Master title style 1. Taenia saginata Edit Master text styles 2. Taenia solium Second level Third levelnana 3. Hymenolepis Fourth level 4. Echinococcus granulosus Fifth level (Hydatid worm)  Click to edit Master title style 1. Ascaris Edit Master text styles Second level 2. Ancylostoma Third level 3. Trichocephalus Fourth level Fifth level 4. Enterobius 5. Filaria worms  Comparison between the three classes of parasitic helminths Click to Trematodes Phylum edit Master title style Cestodes Nematodes Shape Leaf like ‫زى ورقه‬ Segmented Cylindrical Edit Master text styles ‫الشجر‬ ‫جسمها متقسم الجزاء‬ Second level Sex Hermaphrodites Hermaphrodites Unisexual Third level Except ‫ديدان ذكر‬ Fourth level Schistosomes Fifth level ‫وديدان انثى‬ Suckers Present Present Absent Body cavity Absent Absent Present Alimentary Incomplete Absent Complete canal end with ‫القناه الهضميه‬ anus. Click to edit Master title style 1.Edit Master texthistolytica Entamoeba styles Second level 2. Giardia intestinalis Third level 3. Malaria Fourth parasites level Fifth level 4. Toxoplasma gondii  Click to edit Master title style 1. Mosquitoes Edit Master text styles Second level 2. Flies, Third level 3. Fleas, Fourth level Fifth level 4. Lice 5. Bed bug  Types of Host ‫العائل‬ Click to edit Master title style It is organism that harbors the parasite. It may be 1. Definitive Edit Master text host (D.H.) ‫العائل األساسى‬: Host which styles harbors the adult stage or sexually mature stage of Second level the parasite Third level e.g. Schistosoma in man. Fourth level 2. Intermediate host (I.H.) ‫ العائل الوسيط‬: Host which Fifth level harbors the larval stages or asexual stages of the parasite e.g. malaria parasite in man. 3. Reservoir host: vertebrate animal which Click tothe harbors edit Master stages title style present in man. It serves as as source of infection e.g. Heterophyes Edit Master textin heterophyes styles cat. Second level Third level Fourth level 4. Vector : It is an arthropod transmits )‫الناقل‬ ( Fifth level the parasite to man e.g. Anopheles mosquito transmits malaria.  Habitat ‫مكان المعيشة‬ Click to edit Master title style The parasites are classified according to habitat into; a) Endoparasites: Edit Master text styles The parasites live and multiply inside the human Second levelbody Third level (Intestinal, Blood, and Lymph nodes, reticuloendothelial Fourth level system (RES)) e.g. worms and protozoa. Fifth level b) Ectoparasites: live on the skin e.g. mites and lice.  Click to edit Master title style Infective stage: ‫الطور المعدى‬the stage which enter the host and causes Edit Master text styles infection Second level Diagnositic stage: ‫الطور التشخيصى‬The stage that gets out of the host and aids Third level in diagnosis. Fourth level Auto-infection ‫الذاتية‬ Fifth level ‫ العدوى‬: when a host infects himself; this occurs when the infective stage is the exit stage Adult stage ‫الطور البالغ‬: sexually mature stage Larva ‫اليرقة‬: pre-adult stage that is morphologically distinct from the adult  Click to edit Master title style 1-Ingestion Edit Master text styles 2-Drinking Second level Third level ) ‫( ( اختراق الجلد‬Schistosomes) 3-Skin penetration Fourth level Fifth level 4-Blood transfusion )‫( (نقل الدم‬Malaria). 5-Organ transplantation )‫((نقل االعضاء‬Toxoplasmosis) 6-Transplacental as from pregnant mother to her fetus )‫(من االم الحامل الى الجنين‬:as in malaria  Quiz title style Click to edit Master MCQ Edit Master text styles - Definitive Secondhost levelis the host that carries the: a) Sexually mature stage of the parasite. Third level b) Larval stage/s Fourth levelof the parasite. Fifth level c) Same parasitic stage/s that may be found in the human body. d) Sexually immature stages of the parasite. -Cestodes are known to be: a) Segmented. b) Unisexual. c) Cylindrical. d) All the above.  Endoparasites Click to edit I.Master title styleparasites Small Intestinal Trematode 1.Heterophyes heterophyes Edit Master text styles Second level Cestodes Third level 1. Taenia saginata Fourth level 2. Taenia solium Fifth level 3. Hymenolepis nana Nematode 1. Ascaris 2. Ancylostoma Protozoa 1. Giardia intestinalis Click to edit Master title style Edit Master text styles Second level Intestinal Trematodes Third level Heterophyes Fourth level heterophyes Fifth level Click to edit Master title style Edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Click to edit Master title style Habitat: They live in the Edit Master smalltext styles intestine , Deeply Second level embedded Third level between villi Fourth level of the jejunum & upper Fifth level ileum and cause a disease “heterophyiasis”  DH RH 2nd IH 1rst IH Second Lab. Second Lab. 21 1Click st I.H.to ofedit Master title Heterophyes style - Bottom feeder - Snail ingest the mature egg Edit Master text styles - Egg hatches into Second level Third level miracidium Fourth level - Miracidium develops into Fifth level sporocyst to redia to Pirenella lophcercus cercaria conica Dextral 22 Second I.H. of Heterophyes Click to edit Master title style Metacercaria Infective stage Edit Master text styles Second level Mugil‫بوري‬ Third level Fourth level Fifth level Tilapia ‫بلطي‬  Click to edit Master title style Mode of infection: Edit Master text styles Man is Second level by eating raw or insufficiently infected cooked or salted Third level infected fish containing ENCYSTED Fourth level METACERCARIA (INFECTIVE STAGE). )‫النىء‬ ‫السمك‬ Fifth level‫)االصابه عن طريق اكل‬ In Egypt, outbreaks are common after Easter (Sham El Naseem) due to the habit of consuming pickled Mugil (Feseekh), when salted less than 10 days; the survival time of metacercaria. PARASITOLOGY DEPARTMENT  Quizstyle Click to edit Master title Complete: Edit Master text styles Ingestion of infected fish Mode of Second level by heterophyiasis is by…………………………………..containing infection Third level Fourth level Encysted metacercaria ……………………………. Fifth level 25 ✓Right (√ )Or Wrong (X) Click to edit Master title style a) The first I.H. in the life cycle of H. heterophyes is Tilapia and Mugil X Edit Master b) Human is R.H.text in H.styles heterophyes life cycle X Second c) Pirenella level contains the egg & larval stages of Heterophyes conica Third level heterophyes √Fourth level Fifth level ✓Interpret: Outbreaks of heterophyiasis are common after Easter (Sham El Naseem) ✓MCQ: 1)Click to edit Heterophyes Master heterophyes is a:title style a) Cestode b) Nematode Edit Master text styles Second level c) Trematode Third level 2)The habitat of Heterophyes is: Fourth level a) The bile duct Fifth level b) Portal blood vessel c) The small intestine  Click to edit Pathogenesis Master and clinical title ofstyle picture heterophyiasis: Edit - Light Master infection (