NSTP Finals Reviewer Modules 5-8 PDF

Module 5: 6. Solutions to Environmental Problems Environmental Protection and Management Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Minimizing waste 1. Introduction to Environmental Issues generation and promoting recycling to reduce Definition: Environmental iss...

Module 5: 6. Solutions to Environmental Problems Environmental Protection and Management Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Minimizing waste 1. Introduction to Environmental Issues generation and promoting recycling to reduce Definition: Environmental issues are harmful pollution. effects on the Earth’s natural systems caused by Switch to Renewable Energy: Using solar, wind, human activities. and hydropower instead of fossil fuels. Key Problems: Pollution, climate change, Conservation Efforts: Protecting endangered deforestation, and biodiversity loss are the major species and ecosystems through conservation concerns impacting the environment. programs. Environmental Laws: Government policies and 2. Types of Environmental Problems laws to regulate pollution and protect the Air Pollution: Emissions from industries and environment. vehicles leading to respiratory issues and contributing to climate change. 7. Individual Actions Water Pollution: Contamination from chemicals, Energy Conservation: Turning off lights and using waste, and oil spills impacting aquatic life and energy-efficient appliances. drinking water sources. Sustainable Practices: Supporting eco-friendly Land Pollution: Improper waste disposal, products and reducing single-use plastics. deforestation, and urban sprawl leading to habitat Community Involvement: Participating in cleanup loss. drives and spreading awareness about Noise Pollution: Excessive noise from urban areas environmental issues. affecting both humans and wildlife. Light Pollution: Artificial lighting disrupting 8. Conclusion ecosystems and human health. Environmental protection requires joint efforts from governments, organizations, and individuals. 3. Effects of Environmental Issues Health Impacts: Increased diseases, respiratory Emphasis on awareness, sustainable living, and problems, and other health conditions due to policy implementation to address these issues and pollution and climate changes. protect the environment for future generations. Ecosystem Damage: Loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, and endangerment of species. 1. Republic Act No. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Economic Costs: Increased expenses for Act of 1999 healthcare, disaster recovery, and resource Focuses on managing air quality and conservation. controlling air pollution. 4. Climate Change 2. Republic Act No. 9275 – Philippine Clean Definition: Long-term alteration in temperature and Water Act of 2004 typical weather patterns, largely attributed to Aims to protect water resources by human activities like fossil fuel burning. regulating water pollution. Consequences: Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and melting polar ice caps. 3. Republic Act No. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 5. Deforestation Provides guidelines for solid waste Causes: Agriculture, logging, and urban management, promoting waste reduction development lead to the clearing of forests. and recycling. Impacts: Loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and. reduced oxygen production. 4. Republic Act No. 9147 – Wildlife Resources It encompasses military, economic, environmental, Conservation and Protection Act and societal dimensions. Protects wildlife species and their habitats, Definitions and Key Concepts especially endangered ones. National Security: Protection against external and 5. Republic Act No. 6969 – Toxic Substances internal threats to a nation's safety and stability. and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act Human Security: Focuses on individual well-being of 1990 and freedom from fear and want. Regulates the management of toxic and Aspects of Human Security (1994) hazardous substances to protect health and the environment. 1. Freedom from Fear: Protecting individuals from violence. 6. Republic Act No. 7586 – National Integrated 2. Freedom from Want: Ensuring access to basic Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 needs like food, health care, and education. Establishes a system of protected areas for Categories of Human Security Threats (UNDP) biodiversity conservation. 1. Economic security 2. Food security 7. Republic Act No. 10121 – Philippine Disaster 3. Health security Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 4. Environmental security 5. Personal security Focuses on disaster preparedness and risk 6. Community security reduction, including environmental risks. 7. Political security 8. Republic Act No. 10654 – Amended Fisheries National vs. Human Security Code of the Philippines National security emphasizes state sovereignty. Regulates fishing practices to prevent Human security prioritizes individual welfare and overfishing and protect marine resources. global cooperation. 9. Presidential Decree No. 1586 – Environmental Fundamental Elements of National Security Impact Statement (EIS) System Sovereignty, territorial integrity, governance, Requires environmental impact military strength, and public welfare. assessments for projects to ensure sustainable development. Threats to National Security Module 6: Terrorism, cyber threats, natural disasters, internal National Security and Peace Education conflicts, and economic instability. Concept of National Security Types of Threats: National security involves protecting a nation's Internal (e.g., insurgencies, corruption) citizens, sovereignty, and territorial integrity from threats. External (e.g., foreign invasions, cross- border terrorism)  The Johari Window: A model for self-awareness Understanding Peace at Different Levels comprising four areas: open, blind, hidden, and unknown. Individual; Self-Awareness: Recognizing one’s emotions, Community; strengths, weaknesses, and motivations. National; Importance of Self-Awareness: Enhances and Global levels. decision-making, interpersonal skills, and personal growth. Creating a Culture of Peace Human Values: Principles that guide behavior, such as honesty, respect, and compassion. Promoting tolerance, dialogue, and non- violence in education and society. Filipino Values Goals of Peace Education Bayanihan (Community spirit): Collaborative effort to achieve a common goal. Equip learners with conflict resolution skills. Pakikisama (Harmony): Maintaining smooth interpersonal relationships. Foster mutual understanding and Utang na Loob (Gratitude): Deep sense of cooperation. indebtedness for kindness received. Steps in Nonviolent Action: Volunteerism in NSTP 1. Information gathering 2. Education Motivations: Desire to help, social responsibility, 3. Personal commitment and personal development. 4. Negotiation Role in Academe: NSTP fosters volunteerism 5. Direct action through community projects. Actions: Community services, disaster response, Role of Schools in Promoting Peace and advocacy programs. Ambisyon Natin 2040 Development Framework Teach conflict resolution and human rights. Aims for a prosperous, stable, and resilient Encourage community service and Philippines by 2040. dialogue. Values of Peace Values of Peace Empathy; Includes mutual respect, non-violence, and Justice; cooperative problem-solving. Respect; Understanding. AFP Strategies for Peace Module 7: Community engagement, livelihood programs, and Self-Awareness, Values Development, and counterinsurgency efforts. Servant Leadership Self-Concept: Individual perception of oneself, including abilities, values, and beliefs.  Module 8: Differences between HIV and AIDS Dangerous Drugs, HIV, and AIDS HIV: Virus causing immune deficiency. Dangerous Drugs AIDS: Advanced stage of HIV with severe immune system damage. Why Dangerous: Cause addiction, health deterioration, and societal harm. Treatment Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV Treatment in the Philippines: Department of management. Health (DOH) programs and rehabilitation centers. Support programs by DOH for AIDS patients. Testing Modalities: Drug tests (urine, blood) and confirmatory exams. Agencies Against Drug Abuse: Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) HIV and AIDS HIV Transmission: Through unprotected sex, contaminated needles, mother-to-child, and blood transfusions. Symptoms of HIV: Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss. Stages of HIV: 1. Acute HIV infection 2. Clinical latency 3. AIDS AIDS Symptoms: Opportunistic infections, weight loss, night sweats, persistent cough. Prevention (ABCDE): Abstinence Be faithful Condom use Don’t share needles Educate oneself