NPB010 Lecture 23 PDF

lecture 1/25 NPB 23 few a immune signals - start on reproduction. - midterm almost done 1-2 short answers ~ go to Signals of the immune system 1) Cytokines...

lecture 1/25 NPB 23 few a immune signals - start on reproduction. - midterm almost done 1-2 short answers ~ go to Signals of the immune system 1) Cytokines (Talls were activating Bells ( to end calming messages - - immune response e.. g from regulatory T cells 2) Chemokines - attraction signal eats e.. g macrophage a bacterium , this activates the macrophage & its sends chemokines  now neutrophilic granulocytes come in to help with phagocytosis, as well ou Talk so they can bind antigen on the macrophage MHK & activate 3) pyrogens- fever inducers sent by macrophages after phagocytosis. If enough pyrogens changes > - brain thermostat -body temp rises a lot of bacteria love 37 %,& reduce activity with high temp while some immune cells work better Is fever astate of homeostasis yes/no infected &d fighting it off - are ↳ we maintain temp ag higher level using negative feed- back until -105 Feuers are good / 40 5 that. we should past medicate otherwise , fever is helpful u) Interferons > - interfere with viral replication ⑪ any body cell O Quirus virus infected the 44 = cell - production > entiviral & ↳ cell makes interferon · -e > & - > interferon receptor > - Y ~ O neighbor cell 34s , uninfected # production of antivirals Once interferon binds its receptor > - cells make anti-viral proteins - > prewarnedready Interferous Also act as pyrogens Reproductive system. Does not contribute to homeostasis still important - over evolution it helped contribute to genetic variability - it determines our look - 11 how you feel - fun to use we can distinguish people in many ways. genetic XX e female male XY > - gonad testes ovaries anatomical penis ↳. beard , broader chesk raging rounded body  Early are in development gonads indifferent indifferent gonad g > - (an become test is as well as an vary ( fitnoy with a Y then TDF chromosome chromosom Ctestisdetermining ⑭ b factor) Testosterone finds ⑫est is > makes a body equipped with tubes etc to build both male & & testosterope female part ↳ fallopian tubes are broken down L was deferens are maintained Once we've decided on ovaries or Festes we make different looking ~ gametes u H testes : sperm reproductive cells ovaries : egglovum I sperm f , egg merge into the start of a new person ly needs 23 pairs of chromosomes Gametes need 23half pairs ofchromo- ~ some I need meiosis special cell division - increases genetic mixing -reduces of chromosomes.  testes. Typical reproduction with > - makes hormones : estosterone - makes gameter : sperm cells million per 100 - 200 day to be lower most appear quality= swim poorly