The Presidencies of George Washington & John Adams NOTESHEET PDF

The Presidencies of George Washington & John Adams NOTESHEET Directions: Fill in the blanks below by reading the google slideshow of the same title. These become your notes. I. The Presidency of George Washington (1789-1797) A. When the Constitution...

The Presidencies of George Washington & John Adams NOTESHEET Directions: Fill in the blanks below by reading the google slideshow of the same title. These become your notes. I. The Presidency of George Washington (1789-1797) A. When the Constitution was ratified in 1789, George Washington was __________________________________ elected 1st president: 1. Washington helped shape the new nation and created _______________________________________ for future presidents and leaders B. During his first term, President Washington focused on _______________________________________ that would shape the new nation: 1. Congress passed the ______________________________________________ which created federal courts 2. Congress created the Treasury, State, War, Justice Departments 3. Washington created the 1st ______________________________ (group of ______________________________ who head departments) C. Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson 1. Alexander Hamilton believed that a ________________________________ government was necessary to provide order in America a. He wanted to build a strong ___________________________ focused on ___________________ so America could be self-sufficient b. He believed that the Constitution should be _____________________ interpreted to allow the government to respond to issues 2. Thomas Jefferson believed that political power should remain with _________________ governments in order to protect ______ a. He wanted the economy to remain focused on ___________________________________ and the gov’t to protect farmers b. He believed that the Constitution should be _____________________ interpreted with all other powers reserved to state governments c. Among their biggest disagreement was over Hamilton’s Financial Plan 3. In 1789, Hamilton proposed a ____________________________________________ that would guide the future of the U.S. economy a. Hamilton proposed _______________________ and _____________________ of all state debts incurred during the Revolutionary War i. By taking the _______________________________________, the USA government would force the states to work together ii. By repaying all debts, the USA would gain foreign _______________________________________________ iii. Congress and Washington ___________________________________________ Hamilton’s plan for funding and assumption b. To raise money for the new nation, Hamilton proposed a tax on ______________ and a creating a protective _____________ on foreign manufactured goods that would promote American _________________________________________ i. Congress and Washington approved Hamilton’s whiskey ____________...But did ___________ approve Hamilton’s protective tariff c. Hamilton proposed creating a _______________ (BUS) that would regulate the _______ supply by holding federal funds and loaning it to state banks i. Jefferson argued that the BUS was _____________________________________ and gave too much power to bankers in cities  ii. Hamilton argued that the BUS was “__________________ and _________________” to control the economy and regulate currency iii. President Washington _____________________ with Hamilton and Congress passed a law creating the Bank of the U.S. in 1791 D. The disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson led to the formation of America’s first ________________________________________ 1. Hamilton formed the ____________________________: Federalists supported a ___________________ national government… _______________________ interpretation of the Constitution…a strong _________________________ system that favored banks and industry… supporting England when war broke out with France 2. Jefferson formed the __________________________________ Party: Republicans supported strong state governments… ______________ interpretation of the Constitution…state banks and policies that support small farmers…supporting ___________________ when war broke out with England E. After 4 years, George Washington was unanimously elected president for a _______________ term…In his second term (1793-1797), Washington had to solve serious problems that faced the young nation 1. In 1793, Washington made an important foreign policy precedent with his Proclamation of Neutrality a. President Washington believed that America was _____________________________________ to involve itself in a European war b. America politicians remained _________________________________________________ in European affairs from 1793 to 1898 2. In 1794, Washington faced another crisis: the Whiskey Rebellion a. Hamilton’s whiskey tax frustrated western farmers in Pennsylvania who saw it as an _______________________________ on the poor b. When the ________________________________ began in 1794, President Washington saw the uprising as a threat to public safety c. President Washington mobilized an _________________ of 13,000 soldiers which ____________________________ the rebellion d. The quick end to the rebellion revealed the _____________________________ of the new national government under the Constitution F. In 1796, Washington chose not to run for a 3rd term as president 1. He was afraid that if he ________________________ in office, it would create a precedent that presidents can serve for ____________ 2. There was no term limit in the Constitution, but Washington created the precedent that no president serve more than ________ terms 3. In 1796, George Washington gave advice to the nation in his _________________________________________ a. Washington warned against the growth of “factions” and _______________________________________________ b. He warned against growing ________________________________________ tensions between the North and South c. He restated his desire for neutrality by warning against _________________________________________ ---continued on back ---- II. The Presidency of John Adams (1797-1801) A. After Washington’s retirement, the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists campaigned for the presidency in 1796… Federalist __________________________defeated Republican ___________________________________ and won the presidency  1. The war between England & France was still going on and continued to cause problems for America a. France was frustrated with American neutrality and began to ______________________________ U.S. merchant _____________ b. Adams sent diplomats to France to negotiate an agreement on ____________________________________ in Europe c. Three French officials (nicknamed X, Y, and Z) demanded a ___________________________ to meet with French ministers… Americans were offended by this ____________________________ and called for __________ with France, but Adams kept his cool 2. President Adams’ handling of the conflict with France led to __________________________________ by Democratic-Republicans a. Federalists in Congress passed the _______________________________________________________ Acts b. The laws made it a crime to criticize government leaders, restricted ________________________ for new immigrants, and made deporting immigrants easier c. This attack on ____________________________ and citizenship backfired and badly damaged President Adams and the Federalist Party B. Adams and his Federalist Party were unpopular by the election of 1800…Republican Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800 1. The 1800 election marked the first time in U.S. history when one ______________________________ transferred power to another political party 2. Jefferson’s victory over Adams marked the beginning of 30 years of dominance by the ____________________________________ Party