NMAT Biology_2_Organ System Part 2 PDF

Systems of the Human Body. By: Mark Kenneth Dairo Recall TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System The skeletal system refers to the framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments in the body that provides support, shape, and protection to the organs and tissues. The skeletal system...

Systems of the Human Body. By: Mark Kenneth Dairo Recall TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System The skeletal system refers to the framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments in the body that provides support, shape, and protection to the organs and tissues. The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in the adult human body, which are connected by joints and held in place by ligaments and tendons. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System The skeletal system refers to the framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments in the body that provides support, shape, and protection to the organs and tissues. The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in the adult human body, which are connected by joints and held in place by ligaments and tendons. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Functions: A. Support B. Protection C. Movement D. Blood Cell Production E. Mineral Storage TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Type of Bones 1. Long bones : longer than they are wide and thin (e.g. Femur and Humerus) 2. Short bones: equal in length and width and provide support and stability to the joints (e.g. Carpal bones). 3. Flat bones: thin and flat and provide protection to the organs and tissues (e.g. skull and sternum) 4. Irregular bones: have complex shapes and functions (e.g. vertebrae and facial bones) 5. Sesamoid bones: small bones that are embedded in tendons (e.g. patella) TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Structure of Bones Bones are made up of two types of tissue 1. Compact bone - dense and provides strength and support 2. Spongy bone – porous, provides cushioning and flexibility. Cells in bone 1. Osteocytes – maintains bone tissue matrix. 2. Osteoblast – forms bone matrix. 3. Osteogenic cell – origin cell of the bone. 4. Osteoclast – resorbs/degrade bone. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Structure of Bones Bones are made up of two types of tissue 1. Compact bone - dense and provides strength and support 2. Spongy bone – porous, provides cushioning and flexibility. Cells in bone 1. Osteocytes – maintains bone tissue matrix. 2. Osteoblast – forms bone matrix. 3. Osteogenic cell – origin cell of the bone. 4. Osteoclast – resorbs/degrade bone. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Types of Joints Three main types 1. Fibrous joints - held together by dense connective tissue and allow for little to no movement (e.g. skull sutures). 2. Cartilaginous joints - held together by cartilage and allow for limited movement, (e.g joints between the vertebrae). 3. Synovial joints - allow for a wide range of movement and surrounded by a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Skeletal System Types of Joints Three main types 1. Fibrous joints - held together by dense connective tissue and allow for little to no movement (e.g. skull sutures). 2. Cartilaginous joints - held together by cartilage and allow for limited movement, (e.g joints between the vertebrae). 3. Synovial joints - allow for a wide range of movement and surrounded by a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid. TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Reproductive System Reproductive system is involved in sexual reproduction. Organs, tissues, and hormones worked together to produce, transport, and nurture gametes (sex cells) and reproduce offspring. Reproductive System has two major types Male reproductive system Female reproductive system TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Male Reproductive System Anatomy of the male reproductive system: The male reproductive system includes both internal and external organs. Internal Organs External Organs Testes Penis Epididymis Scrotum Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate gland TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Male Reproductive System Spermatogenesis TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Female Reproductive System Anatomy of the female reproductive system: The female reproductive system includes both internal and external organs. Internal Organs External Organs Ovaries Mons pubis Fallopian Tube Labia majora & minora Uterus Clitoris Cervix Vaginal opening Vagina TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Female Reproductive System Oogenesis TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Respiratory System Function: responsible for taking in oxygen and taking out carbon dioxide into our body (gas exchange). Organs Nose Bronchi Pharynx Bronchioles Larynx Lungs Trachea Diaphragm TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Summarize (Respiratory System) TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Urinary System Function: responsible for filtering and eliminating waste products from the body, as well as regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. Organs Kidney Ureters Bladders Urethra TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Urinary System How kidney works? TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Summarize (Urinary System) TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Circulatory System Function: responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other essential substances to cells throughout the body. It also helps remove waste products and carbon dioxide. Organs Heart Blood Vessels Blood TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY) Circulatory System Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood. Chambers: Right and Left Atrium Right and Left Ventricle Valves Tricuspid valve Pulmonic valve Bicuspid valve Aortic valve TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)  Summarize (Circulatory System) TENTEN’s Academy (BIOLOGY)