Net OS Chapter 1 PDF

Chapter 1 PAGE 3 The functions a server performs depend on/ What do server functions depend on? 1. Type of business using the server 2. Size of the business 3. Extent to which the business has committed to using technology to aid operations Server: used to provide services (ex. active dire...

Chapter 1 PAGE 3 The functions a server performs depend on/ What do server functions depend on? 1. Type of business using the server 2. Size of the business 3. Extent to which the business has committed to using technology to aid operations Server: used to provide services (ex. active directory (domain controller; controls logins, DHCP server,DNS, email server) that aid the operations of an organization. PAGE 4 A computer becomes a server: When software is installed on it that provides a network service to client computers. Give an example of an OS and what it is designed for. - Windows 10/11 and its predecessors are designed to be on desktop computers. - These OSs can perform server functions such as file and printer sharing. Server operating systems: designed to emphasize network access performance and run background processes (example: task manager) rather than desktop applications. PAGE 5 What are the Windows Server 2012/R2 network services? - File and Printer sharing: create folder & share with others / one printer for many people. - Web server: a server that publishes websites. Charging fees like renting a space. - Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS) - Domain Name System (DNS): a server that gives domain names to an ip@. - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): issues ip @ to client machines. - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server - Active Directory: domain controller, controls login. - Distributed File System (DFS - Hyper V PAGE 6 Windows 10 desktop supports which OS? Hyper V, File & Printer Sharing, Web Server, and FTP Server in limited capacity Windows 10 is restricted to how many logged-on network users? 20 logged on network users. Windows Server 2012/R2 supports fault tolerance. True or false What are Windows Server 2012/R2 fault tolerance features? - Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) 5 volumes - Load balancing PAGE 7 What are the editions of Windows Server 2012/R2? - Datacenter - Standard - Essential - Foundation - Businesses can choose the best solution for their size and services required PAGE 8 - 9 Compare between Windows Server 2012/R2 Datacenter edition and Standard Edition. Datacenter Edition BOTH Standard Edition Both editions support: Has all the features of Datacenter You can install an unlimited Up to 4 TB of RAM Edition and the same processor number of virtual instances of the Up to 64 physical processors licensing conditions. OS. Server clusters with up to 64 Permits only two virtual instances nodes per cluster Both editions have the option to Datacenter with Hyper V: can be be installed without the standard installed on a physical server graphical user interface (GUI). - Install as many virtual A mode called Server Core machines as you need (now the default) - Must purchase one Datacenter Edition license for Both editions require client access every two physical processors license CALs installed on a server. Legally mandated for each user who logs on to the server PAGE 10 - 11 Compare between Windows Server 2012/R2 Essential edition and Foundation Edition. Essential Edition Foundation Edition Aimed at small businesses with 25 or fewer entry level edition users. Suitable for small businesses Automatically configured as a root domain Available as an Original Equipment controller. Manufacturer (OEM) version only Other automatically configured services: Licensing limited to 15 users ○ Active Directory Certificate Services, DNS, No CALs are required File. Services, Web Server (IIS), Network Supports a single physical processor Policy Server, and Remote Desktop Services Supports up to 32 GB RAM Comes with a management interface called Can be configured as a standalone server or a Dashboard. root domain controller No Client Access License is required. Doesn’t support Hyper V PAGE 12 Cloud computing: a collection of technologies for abstracting the details of how applications, storage, network, and other computing resources are delivered to users. Virtualization: a core technology of cloud computing Uses software to emulate multiple hardware environments so that multiple operating systems can run on the same physical server simultaneously PAGE 13 PAGE 14 Virtual machine (VM): virtual environment emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS (basic input output software). Host computer: the physical computer on which VM software is installed and VMs run. Virtualization software: software for creating and managing VMs and creating the virtual environment. Hypervisor: virtualization software component that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment. PAGE 15 What are the types of clouds? - Public cloud: cloud computing service provided by a third party. Examples: DropBox, SkyDrive, Google Apps - Private cloud: cloud computing service provided by an internal IT department. Services include virtual desktops, storage, and applications. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI): - Users can connect to a private cloud using VDI with a Web browser or client software. - Can access their desktop from any Internet connection. PAGE 16 What are Windows Server 2012/R2 Core Technologies? - Server Manager - Active Directory - Microsoft Management Console - Disk Management - File and printer sharing - Windows networking PAGE 17 - 18 What is a server manager in windows server 2012/R2 core technologies? - Provides a single interface for installing, configuring, and removing a variety of server roles. - Includes tools to diagnose problems , manage storage , and perform general configuration tasks. - Can be used to manage all servers in your network. PAGE 19 What is an active directory in windows server 2012/R2 core technologies? An important role in windows server - Provides a single point of administration of network resources (Can be used to create: Users, groups, shared printers,etc.) - Provides centralized authentication and authorization of users to network resources. - Along with DNS, provides domain naming services and management for a Windows domain. - Enables administrators to assign system policies, deploy software to client computers, and assign permissions and rights to users of network resources. PAGE 20 What is a Microsoft Management Console in windows server 2012/R2 core technologies? - Creates a centralized management interface for administrators - Important feature: the capability to connect to servers remotely PAGE 21 What is Disk Management in windows server 2012/R2 core technologies used for? - To manage disk and volumes on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer. PAGE 22 What advanced features does File and Printer sharing in windows server 2012/R2 core technologies offer? 1. Shadow copies 2. Disk quotas 3. Distributed File System (DFS) PAGE 23 - 24 What are windows networking concepts? The Workgroup Model (no longer practical) The Domain Model A small collection of computers that share common Preferred for a network that has more than 10 roles, such as sharing files or printers. computers or requires centralized security and Also called a peer to peer network resource management Decentralized logons , security, and resource sharing Requires at least one computer to be a domain Easy to configure and works well for small groups of controller users (fewer than 10) A domain controller is a Windows server that has an A Windows Server 2012/R2 server that participates in Active Directory role installed and is responsible for a workgroup is referred to as a standalone server. allowing client computers access to domain resources. PAGE 25 - 26 What are the Windows network components? 1. Network connection - a collection of networking components working together. 2. Network Interface: Composed of two parts: the network interface card (NIC) and the device driver software 3. Network Protocol: Specifies the rules and format of communication between network devices 4. Network Client and Server Software: - Network client is the part of the OS that sends requests to a server to access network resources. - Network server software receives requests for shared network resources and makes those - resources available to a network client ○ In Windows, this server software is File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks PAGE 27 What are the Windows server 2012/R2 roles? 1. A server role is a major function or service that a server performs. 2. Role services add functions to the main role. 3. Server features provide functions that enhance or support an installed role or add a stand-alone function. A server can be configured for a single role or several roles. True or False PAGE 28 Digital certificate: an electronic document containing information about the certificate holder and the entity that issued the certificate. What does the Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) role provide? - Services for creating, issuing, and managing digital certificates. Which role when installed provides services for creating, issuing, and managing digital certificates? - Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS). PAGE 29 What does Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) do? - Installs Active Directory and turns a Windows Server 2012/R2 server into a domain controller. What is the main purpose of Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)? - The main purpose of Active Directory Domain Services is to handle authentication and authorization for users and computers in a Windows domain. Which role when installed turns a windows server to a domain controller? Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS). PAGE 30 What is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server role? - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server role provides automatic IP address assignment and configuration for client computers. - Can provide default gateway address, DNS server addresses and other options. PAGE 31 What is the Domain name server (DNS)? - DNS Server resolves the names of Internet computers and computers that are members of a Windows Domain to their assigned IP addresses. - When installing Active Directory, you can specify an existing DNS server or install DNS on the same server as Active Directory PAGE 32 What services does Hyper-V provide? Provides services to create and manage virtual machines on a Windows Server 2012/R2 computer. Virtual machine: A software environment that simulates the computer hardware an OS requires for installation. How is installing an OS on a virtual machine done? - Installing an OS on a virtual machine is done using the same methods used on a physical machine. PAGE 33 Remote access: Allows configuring a server as a virtual private network (VPN) server and a router. Direct access: enables users to connect to their work securely through an Internet connection. – More user friendly than a typical VPN connection. PAGE 34 What are Windows Deployment Services? - Simplifies the installation of Windows over a network. - Can install and remotely configure Windows 10/11 and Server 2012 systems. - WDS provides all tools needed to deploy Windows in an enterprise network on a large scale PAGE 35 What are the New and Enhanced Features in Windows Server 2012/R2? - Server Core - Minimal Server Interface - PowerShell - Storage Spaces - Resilient File System (ReFS) - IP Address Management (IPAM) - Dynamic Access Control - NTFS: new technology file system (most used file system) - FAT: fat allocation table PAGE 36 What is the enhanced feature PowerShell in Windows Server 2012/R2? - A command-line interactive scripting environment that provides commands for almost any management task. - PowerShell uses the term “cmdlets” to describe commands and scripts - Hundreds of cmdlets are available in PowerShell – Ranging from performing simple tasks to managing aspects of Active Directory - Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1 and above are equipped with PowerShell 4.0. PAGE 37 What is the enhanced feature IP Address Management in Windows Server 2012/R2? - IP Address Management (IPAM) has tools to monitor and manage servers running DHCP and DNS. - Including automatic discovery of domain controllers and DHCP and DNS servers. What can IP Address Management be used for in Windows Server 2012/R2? - used to audit IP address use and track changes made to the IP address space. PAGE 38 - 39 - A server is largely defined by the software running on the computer hardware. - Windows Server 2012/R2 is available in four main editions: Datacenter, Standard, Essentials, and Foundation. - Windows Server 2012/R2 has several features for creating and supporting private cloud environments. - The technologies that make up the core functions of Windows Server 2012/R2 include Server Manager, NTFS, Active Directory, disk management, file and printer sharing, and Windows networking. - Windows Server 2012/R2 includes more than a dozen primary server roles and many supporting role services and features - Windows Server 2012/R2 adds a host of new services, including Minimal Server Interface, Storage Spaces, Resilient File System, IP Address Management, and Dynamic Access Control.