Musi 2040 Pt2 PDF

Musi 2040 Pt2 Protest Music Early Civil Rights Movement 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education o Overturned separate but equal legal segregation 1955: Rosa Parks, MLK 1960: Greensboro Sit-in 1960s Folk Revival Appeal to college students o Beginnings of counterculture...

Musi 2040 Pt2 Protest Music Early Civil Rights Movement 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education o Overturned separate but equal legal segregation 1955: Rosa Parks, MLK 1960: Greensboro Sit-in 1960s Folk Revival Appeal to college students o Beginnings of counterculture Folk songs and original compositions Bob Dylan o Began career as folk singer o Sang songs for civil rights o Folk: “Blowin’ in the Wind” ▪ Draws on spiritual influence for protest ▪ Sounds folk, sounds like it was written communally o Voice is natural, sounds like he is singing because he needs to rather than for entertainment ▪ Authenticity, sincerity Southern Soul Stax: Contemporary of Motown o Jim Steward and Estelle Axton (white men) ▪ Mixed race label, white people working in office o Memphis Sound o Gospel influence: the extraordinary voice o Heavy bass, robust brass, organ Less polished than Northern Soul (Motown) because aimed at Black audience o Sounds like improv, not everyone on beat or together Soul and Politics Later sounds of Civil Rights o Appeal to actual call to action rather than folk being depressing New tactics o Music is demanding North and South  Aretha Franklin o Grew up singing gospel, moved to pop o Southern Soul: “Respect” ▪ Energetic song makes you want to make a change ▪ Voice has gospel tone, undertone of spiritual From Funk to Disco Review R&B in 1960s: Soul o Motown- northern soul- comes from gospel quartet, smooth, thick texture o Stax- southern soul, female diva, loose, less polished feel, black audience R&B in Late 1960s-1970s: Funk Return to dance music o About wanting to dance, retooling soul to make it danceable in clubs The Groove o Active bass, heavy drums, short melodic riffs o Call and response- riffs answered by other instruments James Brown o Southern Soul o True creator of funk in 1960s ▪ Part of Rock n Roll, Soul until he created funk o Demanded control of his sound ▪ Unusual for era, sound controlled by producer ▪ Thin texture, bass, drums, tiny blips of melody o Known for delivery, gospel inspired voice, almost speaking o Funk: “Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag” Just Before Disco: Stonewall Riot Before Stonewall: police raids, no dancing o Having dance floor invited police to come raid and arrest queers Riot in New York- 1969 o Stonewall inn was underground gay bar, drag queens, transgender o Police raid bar, people fought back, trash talk, hitting with purses, throwing items, police barricaded in bar Beginning of modern LGBT movement o Showed community had desire for self determination Disco Dance music  o Disc Jockeys rather than instrumentalists Roots in funk and Motown o Four on the floor beat o Sweet Strings o Falsetto (male voice speaking extremely high) o Danceable version of soul, sweet thick texture of Motown used Philosophy: Radical inclusion o Association with queer rights movement Remaking Disco: Saturday Night Fever (1977) Made Disco mainstream- white and straight o White men who work blue collar jobs and go disco at night Movie that completely changed what masculinity looks like Disco: “Stayin Alive” (1977) Backlash: Disco Demolition Night (1979) Detroit vs White Sox o During game if you brought in disco record you’d get in half price o Half time show blew up records People hated disco not because of the sound but because of what it symbolized o Didn’t want to associate with the people who liked it Singer-Songwriters Singer-Songwriters in the 1970s Across genres The “Me” Generation o Social pressures- people who were activists are now in adulthood with real responsibility, less devotion to activism o More interest in personal concerns than social o Pressure to find jobs during a depression o Massive crises in Middle East putting pressure on oil supplies Professional songwriters striking out on their own o Willie Nelson in 60s was working in Nashville, 70s moves to Austin o Carol King in 70s becomes artist rather than just writer Folk singer-songwriters Importance of authenticity, believing what you say o Singing about personal opinions and experiences 1970s: less politics in folk world o People had based careers on Bob Dylan (activism)  o Songs become about personal experiences and philosophies Joni Mitchell o 1960s writing for others, 68 signed as solo artist, 70s became popular o Figurehead of female singer-songwriter o Folk: “The Circle Game” (1970) ▪ Simplicity of just voice and guitar, background choir sounds amateur ▪ Singing has pauses, sounds loose and sincere Soft Rock More pop, less blues o Tends to be synth based Adult appeal o Rock still aimed at college aged men ▪ Focus on albums rather than songs and song lengths increase o Appeal because of short songs and albums o Songs about divorce, nostalgia People adopt to flamboyance and theatrics, David bowie, Elton John Elton John o Probably most popular artist of 70s (was songwriter first) o Started as British rocker after Beatles o Piano player o Adopts flamboyance of early rock’n’roll o After 90s he pivoted to theatre/musical film ▪ Wrote for lion king and other Disney ▪ Wrote Billie Elliot and other broadways o Soft Rock: “Crocodile Rock” (1972) ▪ Elton John, Singer-songwriter, nostalgia The 1980s and Reagan’s America “Morning in America” o After long dark night of 70s (Watergate, Middle East) o Revitalize nation through manufacturing, foreign policy o People resonated with Reagan because of his image of upstanding cowboy Reagan’s roots in Hollywood o Found niche in westerns as an upstanding cowboy Country music, conservatism, patriotism o Throughout 20th century, farming becomes less profitable, and people move to edges of country rather than farmland  ▪ People who drive country industry have family who grew up there but don’t necessarily have firsthand experience o More interest in Nashville sound Countrypolitan Dance music and influence of disco o Country artist mix in sounds for update pop flavor for relevancy of people who are descendants of dust bowl Glamour o Image changes from hard laborer to glamourous Dolly Parton o Portrayed as downhome native Tennessean who grew up poor o Wrote own music, sang in nasal timbre (Jimmy Rodgers) o Became mainstream in 80s o Countrypolitan: “Here You Come Again” (1977) ▪ Dolly Parton, Singer-songwriter, Nashville Rock(s) The 1970s Waning of prosperity, ideals o Counterculture generation growing up, becoming complacent Rise of major labels o Stax lasts until 1975 and is bought o Motown a few years longer also bought o Leads to proliferation of genres Proliferation of genres o People are seeking crossover hits- more money o More appeal to multiple demographics Hard Rock 1960s sounds, new subject matter o Shying away from drug trips, waning of civil rights content o Teenage love, fantasy, folklore o Aimed at 15-25 aged white men FM Radio o Album-orientated rock ▪ Longer tracks could play on FM Album creation especially concept rather than singles o FM has more band width than AM and allows for stations to play only one genre rather than crossover hits  Live performances o Legacy of psychodelia, in presence of creativity with composition and improvisation o Leaning into theatricals of rock, light shows, pyrotechnics ▪ Sound and LOOK like a rockstar o Concerts become theatrical experiences Led Zepplin o Broke Beatles record for selling out stadiums o British band, heavy screeching vocals, aggressive drumming and guitar ▪ Influenced heavy metal o Robbert Plant, long hair, rockstar look o Hard Rock: “Stairway to Heaven” (1971) ▪ Led Zepplin, album orientated rock, influence of folk Heavy Metal Outgrowth of British hard rock Distortion- sounds like amps will blow o Guitar sounds o Vocal timbre lower Transcendent virtuosity Darker themes o Way of confronting issues, mental illness, dark fantasy Black Sabbath o Heavy Metal: “Paranoid” (1970) ▪ Black Sabbath, virtuosity, distortion Southern Rock Reaction against psychedelia o Blues is as much in DNA of country as rock Bluesy harmonies and timbres, working-class look o Electric guitar, 12 bar Freedom and southern pride o Image and subject matter completely different than psychedelia o Aimed at working class southerners ▪ Not really into outlaw, folksiness, Nashville sound o Saw rockstar look as feminine o Some subject matter deemed inappropriate today ▪ Confederate flag present Charlie Daniels o Looks authentic ▪ Short hair, cowboy hat, denim (direct contrast from hard rock)  o Came up as traditional fiddler, soldier joy type o Played on Bob Dylana album or two o Formed his own band o Southern Rock: “The South’s Gonna Do It Again” (1974) ▪ Charlie Daniels, 12-bar blues, influence of fiddle tunes ▪ Expression of pride for southern heritage- stories about living in rural areas Hip Hop Origins The “Beat” o Sampling ▪ Small fragments of previously recorded music o Looping samples (sometimes breaks- all instruments but drum drop out) ▪ Creates beat-based production ▪ Break dancing o Digital innovations- beat-based production ▪ Turntable- two record players with same copies, find 1-4 second clip he wanted, que record A and B, let record A play through clip, then switch to B, backspin A, then switch to A Beginning in the 1970s Mostly poorer neighborhoods, Caribbean and Black people o Couldn’t afford dance clubs or instruments Underground dance parties DJs and MCs o Disk Jockey- runs record player, been around since radio ▪ Context of hip-hop, DJ is musician, most important in early hip-hop o Master of Ceremonies- just hype man in early hip-hop ▪ Voice of command at parties, musicalized speech, now rapper o Go to party because of DJ not MC Politics o Early hip-hop is purely dance music Racial Tension in the Late 60s, 70s Civil Rights Movement stalls o Assassinations (MLK) o Minor victories let people step away and say job done ▪ A lot of laws created weren’t enforced o Civil rights movement started focusing northward and white people weren’t too happy o Economic downturn  House discrimination o Ghettoization ▪ Where place where Jews were allowed to live in medieval era ▪ Legal segregation in US after 1967 o Drugs, gangs ▪ Gangs formed for protection of others when police weren’t funded ▪ Drugs were profitable for people unable to get jobs Rap: “The Message” (1982) o Ghettoization, DJs and MCs, Sampling and Looping o Symbol of protest- shows humanity in neighborhoods Hip-Hop NWA in Los Angeles Laid-back flow How life is, not how it should be o Aggressive lyrics, pointing fingers, talking about fighting back Gangsta Rap G-funk o Samples funk especially the melodic parts Glamorizing violence and misogyny? o “Telling it like it is” ▪ Idea is that gangsta rap is supposed to convince people to help change their way of lives by showing how bad it is Embody stereotype of what people think about them o Not knew, country music and outlaw Using shock as a form of protest music- make people realize what is going on is bad Hip Hop: “Who Am I (What’s My Name)” (1993) o Snoop Doggy Dogg, g-funk, west coast Some rappers embody the persona, and some do not o Causes tragic turn with Tupac and Biggie The Feud o East vs. West ▪ Bad Boy Records (Puff Daddy) vs Death Row (Dr Dre, Suge Knight) o Notorious B.I.G. vs Tupac Shakur ▪ Early in careers were decent friends ▪ Attempt on Tupac’s life- thought it was B.I.G. Feud began, spilled into actual violence o ‘96 Tupac killed, few days later Biggies killed  o After deaths the Gangsta Rap lost appeal when people realized the lives portrayed were dangerous and deadly I Want My MTV Music Videos before MTV Movie Musicals Television shows o Live shows, musical sitcoms “Promo” videos Origins of MTV 1960: Cable TV spreads Launch in 1981 Limited Selection MTV as Rock Channel Cultivating male audiences o Male Gaze Sounding good, looking good Hair Metal o Catchy looks, guitar driven, melodic choruses, flashy costumes, big hair Van Halen o Hair Metal: “Jump,” (1984) ▪ Van Halen, new masculinities, MTV Michael Jackson and the Color Line Formerly of the Jackson Five “It’s just not our format” “Thriller” (1983) Pop: “Billie Jean,” (1983) o Michael Jackson, Thriller, Breaking the color line Outsider Rebellions in Rock The Punk Rebellion Working class frustration Influence of 1950s sound and fashion o Leather jackets DIY Aesthetic o Anyone can pick up instrument and play in punk style in a few month  o Trying to be relatable to audience- projection of authenticity ▪ Act worse at playing than they actually are Heavy Metal Influence o Energized distorted sound can be harsh ▪ Comes from metal, intentionally off putting ▪ Extreme rebellion o Less theatrical than metal, more down to earth less stories The Ramones o Had middle class origins, unlike most bands from working class ▪ Still projected working class and DIY image o Catchier than other punk bands, bouncy early Beatles sound o Melodies peppy and intense, lyrics are in opposition o Punk: “I Wanna Be Sedated,” (1978) ▪ The Ramones, DIY aesthetic, working class frustration Irony is key to most punk Most guitar playing done by strumming same chord New Wave Outgrowth of punk o DIY aesthetic ▪ Music and dress ▪ Very approachable to playing Performance art o Alienation is focus rather than anger in punk ▪ Expression of people who felt different than their parents o Irony Synthesizers o By 1970s starting to become affordable ▪ (How technology influences music industry) The Athens Sound College towns always good for music o Audience of young students ▪ Want to party and listen to music ▪ Open to new sounds and ideas, embracing weirdness o Athens used to have several theatres for music The Lamar Dodd School of Art o Art more on progressive/contemporary side of music than the music school o 1960s got grant and much more prestige and students came in DIY, performance art  o Emphasis on cheap instruments and authentic sounds Dance, fun! o Playing for fun and to mess around, not to express anger or misplacement The B-52s o Nickname for a 1960s hairstyle o New Wave: “Rock Lobster,” (1979) ▪ B-52s, Athens, dancing 1990s: Alternative Local scenes Grunge o Backlash against hair metal ▪ Intentionally scruffy ▪ Ripped jeans, flannel, leather o Seattle o DIY Aesthetic o Mainstream metal is too far from relatability because of how famous they got Nirvana o Took punk and took away performative part o Left with raw anger and aggression o Seattle based o Grunge: “Smells Like Teen Spirit,” (1991) ▪ Alternative, Nirvana, Seattle, DIY aesthetic Women Respond Tina Turner The Voice and R&B o By 70s and 80s R&B was catchall for Black Music o Tina Turner took vocal expressivity of R&B ▪ Beautiful and expressive, timbres, melisma ▪ Sings in lower, gravely tone Roots in the 1960s o Harder edged world of R&B, like Motown- polished production and background singers Soft rock sound, rock voice o Authenticity- unique for soft rock 70s Tina left Ike Turner to become solo act o She accused him of beating her and was dismissed ▪ Reputation took hit  80s Rolling Stones, British blues band, hired for opening act o 1983 Solo record contract Soft Rock: “What’s Love Got to Do With It” (1984) o Tina Turner, influence of soft rock, adult themes Women Rockers in the 1990s Pre-history: Riot Grrrl o Not mainstream movement Singer-songwriters Explicit subjects, explicit lyrics, pop-friendly sound o Sexual assault, mistreatment Alanis Morissette o More pop friendly than Nirvana o Jagged Little Pill first breakthrough album o Not presenting herself in conventional way- more grunge look o Rock: “You Oughta Know,” (1995) ▪ Alanis Morissette, singer-songwriter, angry women o Revolutionary to be an angry woman in the mainstream Alternative Hip Hop 1990s: Hip hop sounds/production overtake rock o More beat-based production, sampling, rapping o Whenever something goes mainstream, alternative comes up Hip hop that produces mainstream Women MCs common in mainstream and alternative o Reclaiming of sexuality, taking sexual pleasure as celebrational Lauryn Hill o Instruments rather than samples o Sounds of black music’s past ▪ Motown, Stax, Reggae (was dating Bob Marley’s son) ▪ Socially conscious o Making music critiquing culture rather than making name for self o Miseducation provided the alternate view of Gangsta rap right as it comes crashing down ▪ Innovative, live instruments and musicians o Hip Hop: “Doo Wop (That Thing)” (1998) ▪ Lauryn Hill, alternative hip hop, influence of Soul ▪ Protest of gangsta rap- not liking violence and misogyny Country Crossovers New Country Economic downturn o People turned away from sweeter sounding countrypolitan Return to the Honky-tonk Continuities to Southern Rock o Working-class pride Grew up with MTV o More focused on looks and appearance, country cowboy imagery Wide range of material these songs cover, social issues and injustices, working class Garth Brooks o Mixing honky-tonk (fiddle, steel guitar) with image of cowboy o Some people think he is inauthentic since hitting major success o Country: “Friends in Low Places” Back to Pop American Idol as bellwether o Increasing presence of country, less niche genre Carrie Underwood o Balancing acts o Country: “Before He Cheats” (2005) ▪ Carrie Underwood, American Idol, influence of pop Bro-Country Influences of Rock o Guitar solos o Partying ▪ Songs about going to parties and flirting with girls ▪ Different than working class themes Later (ca. 2012): hip hop Opened door for Black artists to embrace the country music genre Black Artists in County Music Ca. 2019 “Old Town Road” Multicultural roots Beyonce o Cowboy Carter o Country: “Texas Hold Em” (2024) ▪ Beyonce, Rhiannon Giddens, Cowboy Carter Rhiannon Giddens o Collaborated on Cowboy carter  o Tries to exemplify old country- fiddle, banjo, singer o Recently composed opera Hip Hop Everywhere The Dirty South “Country” rap o Massive surge of Atlanta hip hop Delivery: Emphasizing the drawl of southern accent Trap o Subdivided rhythms in the drum loop ▪ Extremely fast o Low, processed vocal timbre o Thick textures, dark timbres o Slang for trap house- place where drugs made and sold Three Meanings of “Dirty” o Political- dirty in racism sense, hip hop focused on calling it out ▪ Gentrification- white people in city during day, not at night o Sexual- more explicit than west and east coats rap o Soil/Roots- Black people returning to south, slavery worth remembering Trap: “Hard in da Paint” (2010) o Atlanta, trap, Wacka Flocka Flame Latin Hip Hop: Reggaeton Puerto Rican Genre o Roots in Jamaica, Panama, NYC Dembow beat Smooth, sing-song flow Reggaeton: “Gasolina,” (2004) o Daddy Yankee, Dembow, Puerto Rico, influence of Panama, Jamaica and NYC Hip Hop Everywhere Influence of production Example: Ariana Grande o Teen Idol Career ▪ Actor ▪ “Growing up” ▪ Getting personal o Pop: “7 Rings,” 2019 ▪ Ariana Grande, influence of trap, teen idol Recent Controversies New Recording and Distribution Practices Changing role for producer o Producer doesn’t hire anymore he does all work himself Digital Audio Workstations (DAWS) o Way to arrange and create music o Allows people to make music at home, better than piano Going Viral Bypassing the system o Auditioning, television (American Idol, Disney Channel) Social media o Posting on YT, Tiktok, Insta Lil Nas X and “Old Town Road” o Musical memes ▪ Intended as a joke ▪ Picture with a meaning that has text added o Racism or industry interference- song taken off country music charts ▪ Nashville didn’t like that Nas X got around their system ▪ Nas X was a Black artist o Country/Hip Hop: “Old Town Road,” (2019) ▪ Lil Nas X feat Billy Ray Cyrus, industry backlash, social media Streaming Revenue questions o Streaming services screw over artists Taylor Swift o Vs. Scooter Braun ▪ Rerecorded all albums from record label deal to get money from streaming royalties o “Taylor’s Versions” o Pop: “Blank Space (Taylor’s Version),” (2023) ▪ Taylor Swift, Scooter Braun, Streaming AI? Ethical issues o Authorship, copyright Deepfakes Kendrick vs Drake o Diss tracks  ▪ Trap: “Like That,” (2024) Future and Metro, feat Kendrick, diss track, Kendrick vs Drake ▪ Drake’s Response: “Taylor Made Freestyle” Current Trends Crossing Over Into Country Roots in the 1960s Old Town Road, Cowboy Carter Shaboozey o Country: “A Bar Song (Tipsy),” (2024) ▪ Shaboozey, crossover, singer-songwriter New Singer-Songwriters More pop than before Chappel Roan o DIY o Camp o Pop: “Good Luck Babe,” (2024) ▪ Chappel Roan, Camp, Singer-Songwriter