Module2-Routing-Protocols.pptx

Routing Protocols Networking II Routing Protocols, are sets of rules used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding packets across a network. They enable routers to communicate with each other, share information about the topology of the network, and make dynamic adjustments to routi...

Routing Protocols Networking II Routing Protocols, are sets of rules used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding packets across a network. They enable routers to communicate with each other, share information about the topology of the network, and make dynamic adjustments to routing tables based on A routing protocol is a mechanism that allows routers to exchange information in the current network order to make routing decisions. conditions. Types of Routing Protocols: Link-State Protocols, Interior gateway protocols type 1 These protocols have knowledge of the entire network topology. They calculate the shortest path to each destination using algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm. Examples: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) Types of Routing Protocols: Path Vector Protocols, Exterior gateway protocols These protocols maintain the path information that gets updated as the packet traverses from one autonomous system (AS) to another. Example: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Types of Routing Protocols: Distance Vector Protocols, Interior gateway protocols type 2 These protocols calculate the best path to a destination based on the distance (number of hops) and direction (vector) to reach the destination. Examples: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) Types of Routing Protocols: Hybrid Protocols These protocols combine features of both distance vector and link-state protocols. Example: EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) List of Common Routing Protocols: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Distance-vector protocol, uses hop count as a routing metric. Maximum of 15 hops, suitable for small networks. The Routing Information System (RIP) was first defined in RFC 1058 as a first-generation routing protocol for IPv4. RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses the metric hop count. RIP is straightforward to configure, making it an excellent option for small networks. RIPv1 possesses the following qualities: The number of hops is utilized as the path selection metric. Every 30 seconds, routing updates are transmitted (255.255.255.255). Greater than 15 hops is considered infinite (too far). This 15th hop router would not transmit the routing update to the following router. List of Common Routing Protocols: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Link-state protocol, uses the Dijkstra algorithm for shortest path calculation. SOpen Shortest Path First (OSPF) is the most prevalent link-state routing protocol. OSPF is the most common protocol that routers use to determine the optimal path to forward traffic. The OSPF Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designed it. OSPF development began in 1987, and there are currently two active versions: OSPFv2: OSPF for IPv4 networks (RFC 1247 and RFC 2328) OSPFv3: OSPFv3 is the IPv6 version of OSPF (RFC 2740) OSPFv3 now supports both IPv4 and IPv6 thanks to the Address Families functionality. List of Common Routing Protocols: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) OSPF implements the link state routing algorithm and is utilized in medium- to large-sized networks. OSPF is an intradomain routing protocol that only operates within a specific routing domain. OSPF is also a hierarchical routing protocol that may be used in a single autonomous system. OSPF emerged from the intermediate-system-to- system (IS-IS) routing protocol of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. OSPF enables multipath routing and uses one or more routing metrics, including dependability, bandwidth, latency, load, and maximum transmission unit (MTU). If OSPF utilizes many metrics, it also allows type-of-service (TOS) requests for traffic differentiation suitable for large enterprise networks. List of Common Routing Protocols: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Path-vector protocol, used primarily for routing between different autonomous systems on the internet. The backbone protocol of the internet. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) Hybrid protocol (Cisco proprietary), combines distance-vector and link-state features. More efficient than RIP and suitable for large networks. List of Common Routing Protocols: IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) Link-state protocol, similar to OSPF but more often used in large ISP networks. IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) Distance-vector protocol, predecessor to EIGRP (Cisco proprietary). Less common, largely replaced by EIGRP. List of Common Routing Protocols: Static Routing Not a dynamic protocol, but a manual method where routes are manually entered into the routing table. Used in small or simple networks where dynamic routing is unnecessary. Routing Protocols Networking II