Spanish Colonial Era Architecture in the Philippines PDF

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4 ARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO ASST. PROF. ELMER M. SOLIMAN JR COURSE OUTLINE 1. Pre-Hispanic Era 2. Spanish Colonial Era 3. American and Japanese Era 4. Post World-War II Era 5. Late Twentieth Century 6. The New Millennium 2. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA COLONIAL URB...

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4 ARKITEKTURANG FILIPINO ASST. PROF. ELMER M. SOLIMAN JR COURSE OUTLINE 1. Pre-Hispanic Era 2. Spanish Colonial Era 3. American and Japanese Era 4. Post World-War II Era 5. Late Twentieth Century 6. The New Millennium 2. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA COLONIAL URBANISM SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The story of architecture under Spain Begins with the permanent occupation of the Island in 1565. The arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s expedition in Cebu that year ushered in an important phase in the development of architecture and urbanism in the Philippines. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM Found settlement in Cebu and Panay Moved northwards to Luzon and the goal is to invade Muslim settlement in Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM In 1571, Spaniards successfully occupied Manila. They established Colonial Settlements Chapels Forts SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM Before Legazpi’s death in 1572, he had already conquered the greater portions of the archipelago to spread Christianity and to colonize the islands. Spanish colonialism had changed the face of the built environment in the Philippines as much as it had altered the social and economic conditions. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: 1. The establishment of Reduccion Forced Urbanization Program and resettlement Resettle indigenous lowland population in larger urban communities so as to accelerate the process of politico religious transformation SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The Colonial space was redesigned according to an urbanizing program The small scattered native settlements were forced to consolidate into compact Villages There were natives who resisted and fled to the mountains SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The villages were literally in Bajos dela Campanas (under the bells), which sanctioned control of native’s’ everyday life by allowing the clergy to wake the villagers up each day, summon them to mass and subject them to religious catechism. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: 2. The creation of land-use pattern through the Encomienda system. Concept of land as a private property and capital was introduced. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: 3. The institution of a hierarchical settlement system. “Pueblos” – Capitals or Towns “Cabecera” (head) The core of municipality or poblacion “Barrios” Adjacent Barangays “Estancias” – large ranches or first haciendas SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: 4. The creation and structuring of towns according to “Cuadricula” model of planning. A system of streets and blocks laid out with uniform precision Hierarchical fashion – Central Plaza or Plaza Mayor symbolize power SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: LAWS OF THE INDIES (Leyes de Indias) A set of planning guideline The “Laws of the Indies” were decreed by King Philip II in 1573. The laws guided Spanish colonists on how to create and expand towns in Spanish territories It establishes the church as urban landmark and plaza public space. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: Cuadricula a system of streets and blocks laid out with uniform precision SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: Cuadricula the use of grid pattern for urban fabric, together with the adherence to the other architectural rules, was a consequence of the ideal Greco- Roma city concept. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  COLONIAL URBANISM The main ingredients in the urban transformation of the Philippine colonial landscape included in the following: 5. The introduction of building typologies and construction technologies through colonial infrastructures. Colonial infrastructures were constructed of sturdier and more permanent building materials. Distinguish itself from the flimsy indigenous architecture SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  MANILA-THE GENESIS OF AN INTRAMURAL COLONIAL CITY SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  MANILA June 24, 1571 – Legazpi officially inaugurated a municipal council and proclaimed Manila as the capital of the new territories under the Spanish crown. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  MANILA New activities were introduced which necessitated the creation of novel institutions and characterizing urban life. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  MANILA Slowly a city was created in accordance with Hispanic Law and urban heritage. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation After a decade, Manila could lay claim to the possession of urban elements common with most establish Spanish cities. The City quarter was surrounded by a spiked log palisade. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Central Plaza Cabildo – Municipal Building General Market Wooden ports Garrison of Soldiers Residence of Governor General Residence of Bishops Cathedral Townsfolk house SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Manila was not spared its share of disasters and tribulations. Persistently preyed upon by pirates of the sea Earthquakes and conflagrations SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Most of the early settlement were constructed with the use of wood, bamboo and nipa thatch. Edifices built by Spaniards were non permanent, abundant and highly combustible materials. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation A fire from the vigil candles that rapidly reduced the entire city to ashes reinforced the need to utilize more durable building materials. It prompted the next Governor-General, Santiago De Vera, to order that all buildings of the city be constructed of stone and tiles. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Building Materials Bricks or Ladrillos – Uses Kilns or Hornos SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Building Materials Tejas or V-shaped Roof Tile SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Building Materials Baldosas – square floor tiles SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Building Materials Adobe Stone – Soft Stone of Volcanic Silleria or De Cal y Canto – edifices of cut stones SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation Building Materials Placuña Pelucida- capiz shells Dura la Madera- hard wood SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  The Great Urban and Architectural Transformation 1645, A devastating earthquake shattered the ambitious plans of the Spaniards and it marked a turning point in the development of architecture in the Philippines. Birth of Arquitectura Mestiza in the Philippines SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Arquitectura Meztiza SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza A term coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina in 1688 Structures built partly of wood and partly stone WOOD STONE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza Used wood and wooden frame in the upperfloor and stone in its ground floor to make it resistant to earthquake. For the Cathedrals, it exceeds to more than two floors and had walls of about three meters thick supported by buttress. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza The character was partly influenced by amateur and artisans, but mainly executed by the maestros de obras or master builders. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza Arquitectura Meztiza Wood joineries like dovetails were used in the construction process SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Intramuros: The Bastion of Authority SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Bastion system style In1590, the walled city, patterned after the medieval city fortress of Europe, under the Supervision of Governador-General Gomez Perez Dasmariñas while it was designed and supervised by Military engineer Leonardo Turriano SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Spanish Walled City or Manila Walled CIty Bordered by bay and the river SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros 3916 Meters of pentagonal perimeter walls of volcanic tuff (Adobe) and brick filled in with earth. Native labor was used to build the walls SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Stone landings artillery or casa matas SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Baluarte De San Diego / Bastion SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Garita or Watch Tower SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Entrance revellin bridge SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Revellin SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Moat SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Puerta de Sta. Lucia” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Puerta Real” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Puerta Parian” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Puerta Isabel” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Gate of Fort Santiago” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros Puerta - Gates of Intramuros “Gate of Fort Santiago” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  INTRAMUROS Intramuros It was reserved for the nobility and clergy Coolies and Indios were remained outside the walls The monumental structures and other edifices were all designed to relieve the conquistador of his nostalgia and homesickness, away from his temperate homeland, in a strange tropical colony. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Extramuros: Living Beyond the walls SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Other villages, towns and arrabales (suburbs) located beyond the walls Spanish term for “outside the walls” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Tondo, Pueblo de Quiapo, Pueblo de Binondo, Isla de Binondo, Pueblo de Malate, Ermita and Sta. Cruz Dilao Church authorities began to expand its mission into Binondo, Quiapo, Ermita and Malate. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Malate, home of ambitious maharlika (nobleman), tradesman amassed their wealth from the new imperial order. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Tondo, was identified unprivileged natives who regularly provided fresh foodstuff for the market of Manila. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Tondo, was identified unprivileged natives who regularly provided fresh foodstuff for the market of Manila. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Tondo, was identified unprivileged natives who regularly provided fresh foodstuff for the market of Manila. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Quiapo SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Quiapo SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EXTRAMUROS Extramuros Pueblo de Quiapo SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Arquitectura Meztiza MIDTERM ASSIGNMENT 1 1. Research atleast 3 examples of “Arquitectura Meztiza” structures. Pictures Brief Description (Location, Owner, Year) Short Bond Paper Hand Written Can be done by pair or individual To be submitted next meeting, March 7, 2019 2. Map of Intramuros (Max of 5 Students) 15x20 Inches Board, Manual To be submitted next meeting, March 14, 2019 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Military Architecture and Defense Installations SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations The building of garrisons, naval constructions, and fortresses was a military strategy to safeguard and protect the Spanish colonial possessions. Patterned to European Style and characterized by heavy stonewalls, moats, and grid road layouts. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Pedro- Cebu (1565) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Pedro- Cebu (1565) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Pedro- Cebu (1565) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) It was named after the Saint James, the patron saint of Spain SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) Approximately 600 American prisoners of war died of suffocation and hunger in its dungeons after being caged in extremely tight quarters. The filthy water of the nearby Pasig River also seeps in during high tide leaving its ground damp most of the time. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, spent his last days holed up in Fort Santiago before being marched off to Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park) where he was executed by firing squad. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort Santiago – Manila (1590) Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, spent his last days holed up in Fort Santiago before being marched off to Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park) where he was executed by firing squad. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Felipe – Cavite (1617) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Felipe – Cavite (1609) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Felipe – Cavite (1609) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fort San Felipe – Cavite (1609) The structure is made of granite blocks, with walls approximately 30 feet high A wide stairway leads to the top of the port where a concrete house can be found. The fort is dedicated to San Felipe Neri in the 16th century. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Senora del Rosario (1617) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Senora del Rosario (1617) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Senora del Rosario (1617) The Fort San Pedro was built because of a necessity. The need for protection from frequent Dutch and Moro raids An order for the construction of a wooden fortress at Punta de Iloilo, at the mouth of the Iloilo River Found the image of the Our Lady of the Holy Rosary or Nuestra Senora del Rosario which is still exists at San Jose Parish Church at Plaza Libertad SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Seniora del Pilar- Zamboanga Peninsula (1635) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Seniora del Pilar- Zamboanga Peninsula (1635) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Seniora del Pilar- Zamboanga Peninsula (1635) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Military Architecture and Defense Installations Fuerza de Nuestra Seniora del Pilar- Zamboanga Peninsula (1635) A stone fort in defense against pirates and raiders of the sultans of Mindanao and Jolo. The cornerstone of the fort, originally called Real Fuerza de San José (Royal Fort of Saint Joseph) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION On 14 April 1521, Rajah Humabon was christened Carlos in honor of Rei Carlos I de España SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION While his chief consort, Hara Humamay was given the name Juana, after Charles' mother, Reina Juana del Castillo. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION The Baptism of Humabon and Humaymay and Image of The Holy Child is the beginning of the Oldest Founded church in the Philippines, Basilica de Sto.Niño de Cebu in 1565 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Prior to colonization the Natives / Early Filipinos did not worship in temples. Instead, members of the families, dependents and relatives met for some special rituals in private places called SIMBAHAN. According to Padre Francisco de San Antonio, OFM SIBI, locals built their places of worship as extension of their Homes SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Early Mission of Simbahan SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION The Early Builders and Missionaries SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order St. Augustine (OSA); Augustinians 1565 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Augustinians 1565 Missions: Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur La Union Tarlac Pampanga Northern Part of Bulacan Manila-Malate & Ermita Parañaque Pasig Batangas Panay Island Cebu Island SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order St. Augustine (OSA); Augustinians 1565 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION The Oldest Stone Church: Iglesia-Monasterio de San Agustin y San Pablo de Ermita SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION The Oldest Stone Church: Iglesia-Monasterio de San Agustin y San Pablo de Ermita SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Order of Friar Minor (OFM); Franciscans 1578 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Franciscans 1578 Missions: Southern Parts of Bulacan Manila-Del Monte Cubao Paco-Dilao-Sta.Ana Laguna Rizal Quezon Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Albay Sorsogon SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de Los Angeles y San Fransisco de Asis SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Order of Friar Minor (OFM); Franciscans 1578 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Order of Friar Minor (OFM); Franciscans 1578 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Order of Friar Minor (OFM); Franciscans 1578 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Society of Jesus(SJ); Jesuits 1581 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Jesuits 1581 Missions: Cavite Samar Island Leyte Island Bohol Island Majority parts of Mindanao SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Society of Jesus(SJ); Jesuits 1581 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Society of Jesus(SJ); Jesuits 1581 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Society of Jesus(SJ); Jesuits 1581 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Royal granted Missionaries / Religious orders Society of Jesus(SJ); Jesuits 1581 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION San Ignacio 16th century SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Preachers(OP); Dominicans 1587 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Prechers(OP); Dominicans 1587 Missions: Pangasinan Cagayan Valley Isabela Province Nueva Ecija Nueva Viscaya Quirino Province SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Preachers(OP); Dominicans 1587 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Preachers(OP); Dominicans 1587 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Preachers(OP); Dominicans 1587 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Augustinian Recollects(OSA-R/OAR); Recoletos 1606 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Augustinian Recollects(OSA-R/OAR); Recoletos 1606 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Augustinian Recollects(OSA-R/OAR); Recoletos 1606 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Augustinian Recollects(OSA-R/OAR); Recoletos 1606 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Augustinian Recollects(OSA-R/OAR); Recoletos 1606 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Friar Minor Capuchin late 19th century (OFMcap) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Order of Friar Minor Capuchin late 19th century (OFMcap) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION REGIONAL MATERIALS Regional Identification: Adobe &Volcanic Tuff in Central Parts of Luzon SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION REGIONAL MATERIALS Regional Identification: Coralline and lime stone in Visayas and Mindanao SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION REGIONAL MATERIALS Regional Identification: Sandstone some parts of Panay Island SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION REGIONAL MATERIALS Regional Identification: Bricks in Northern Parts of Luzon SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Levels of Roman Catholic church 1. Basilica 2. Cathedral 3. Parish 4. Chapels 5. Monastic/Religious Congressional (Monastery, Abbey, Priory, Friary, Nunnery etc.) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Cathedral/ Catedral- The principal church of a diocese housing the cathedra or bishops throne SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Cathedral/ Catedral- The principal church of a diocese housing the cathedra or bishops throne SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Cathedral/ Catedral- The principal church of a diocese housing the cathedra or bishops throne SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA In every cathedral has a Bishop, It has also Bishop’s Palace / ARZOBISPADO or OBISPADO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia, Vigan SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION IGLESIA Archdiocese of Nueva Caceres, Naga SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Highest Terrain in the community SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Highest Terrain in the community SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Dominican Cagayan valley’s Exposed Bricks with ascending or undulating volutes topped with Finials SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Dominican Cagayan valley’s Exposed Bricks with ascending or undulating volutes topped with Finials SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Dominican Cagayan valley’s Exposed Bricks with ascending or undulating volutes topped with Finials SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Dominican Cagayan valley’s Exposed Bricks with detailed kilned ornaments SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Churches are Also Fortress SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Churches are Also Fortress SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Churches has unrelated and eclectic style SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Churches has unrelated and eclectic style SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Philippine churches has Locally Mediated ornaments SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Philippine churches has Locally Mediated ornaments SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Philippine churches has Locally Mediated ornaments – Mudejar SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Philippine churches has Locally Mediated ornaments – Mudejar SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Twin churches SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Twin churches SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Twin churches SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Steel temple of Asia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Steel temple of Asia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Steel temple of Asia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION ESTILOS DE IGLESIA The unique characteristic in Philippine Setting Steel temple of Asia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA FACADA PRINCIPAL y FACADA POSTIGO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA BUTTRESS- CONTRA FUERTE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA BUTTRESS- CONTRA FUERTE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA BUTTRESS- CONTRA FUERTE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA NARTHEX- ZAGUAN SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Holy Water stoup- Pila de Agua Bendita SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CORO-CHOIR LOFT SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CORO-CHOIR LOFT SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: BELL TOWER/BELFRY-CAMPANARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: BELL TOWER/BELFRY-CAMPANARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: BELL TOWER/BELFRY-CAMPANARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: BELL TOWER/BELFRY-CAMPANARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: BELL TOWER/BELFRY-CAMPANARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Under the Campanario, Retablo Menor, Baptisterio SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA FACADA PRINCIPAL SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA FACADA PRINCIPAL SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA NAVE view to PRYBESTERIO/SANTUARIO Y CRUCERO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA NAVE view to PRYBESTERIO/SANTUARIO Y CRUCERO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA CRUCERO ALA IZQUIERDA, LADO DE EVANGELIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA CRUCERO LA DARETCHA, LADO DE EPISTOLA SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA NAVE CENTRAL SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA NAVE CENTRAL SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: PLANO DE IGLESIA NAVE CENTRAL SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: RETABLOS- Decorative altar piece which serves as the backdrop for altars Retro(lat) Back, Tabula(lat) Table Retablo Mayor SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Retablo Menor - Lado de Epistola, ala Daretcha SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Retablo Menor - Lado de Epistola, ala Daretcha SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Retablo Menor, Lado de Evangelio, la Ezquierda SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Pulpit/ Pulpito Pews/ bangko SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Pews/ bangko SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Pulpit/ Pulpito SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: TRIBUNA SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: TRIBUNA SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Sanctuary- Prybesterio/Santuario SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Sanctuary- Prybesterio/Santuario SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Sanctuary- Prybesterio/Santuario SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Comulgatorio - Communion rail SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Sacristy- Sacristia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Sacristy- Sacristia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Camarin- storage also pilgrim’s area SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Convent- Convento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Iglesia y Convento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Cemetery- Cementerio/Osuario SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: Cemetery- Cementerio/Osuario SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO SANTO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION CUERPO DE IGLESIA Other Church Features: CAMPO Y SANTO MORTUARIO SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings POR MUJERAS SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent: Monasterio de Santa Clara SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent: Monasterio de Santa Clara SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent: Monasterio de Santa Clara SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent for Mestiza and Natives Beaterio de La Campaña SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent for Insulares: Beaterio y Colegio de Santa Catalina de Sena SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Oldest Nunnery Convent for Insulares: Beaterio y Colegio de Santa Catalina de Sena SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Other Beaterio/Nunnery: Colegio de Santa Isabel SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Other Beaterio/Nunnery: Colegio de Santa Rosa SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  EDIFICES FOR RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Ecclesiastical Buildings Other Beaterio/Nunnery: Colegio de Santa Rosa SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Architecture for Colonial Administration SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Monumental Civic Architecture Epitomized the Spanish administrative institution Governor’s Office and Central Government House House SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento One of the most important administrative structures in the archipelago Seat of colonial governance and housed several administrative offices and archives. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento Underwent several modifications and reconstruction works. The main façade was refashioned in a style inspired from the renaissance SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Palacio del Gobernador General Also known as Palacio Real Residence of the highest official of the land SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Palacio del Gobernador General SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Palacio del Gobernador General SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Palacio del Gobernador General SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa del Ayuntamiento and Palacio del Gobernador General Both were European style with spacious inner courts Both did not last long enough. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana Customs and Finance House Classicist Architecture SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Architecture for Colonial Administration Casa Aduana SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Educational and Scientific Facilities SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Educational and Scientific Facilities The missionary task of bringing education, health care and social welfare to the indigenous subjects were zealously fulfilled by the various religious order Two types of school buildings surfaced during spanish period: “Colegio” or “Universidad” found in urban areas “Escuela Primaria” found in different pueblos SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Educational and Scientific Facilities SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Ildefonso (1595-1769) Located in Cebu City and known as the first educational institution established in Asia by the Europeans outside Manila Currently, University of San Carlos, CEBU under SVD fathers. Founded Padre Antonio Sedeño, SJ SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Ildefonso (1595-1769) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Ildefonso (1595-1769) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) 1910 restoration of the Escuela under Jesuits Oldest existing Seminary, now part ADMU Katipunan Founded by Padre Pedro Chirino, SJ SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de San Jose Manila (1571) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás La Pontificia y Real Universidad de Santo Tomás, Universidad Católica de Filipinas Founded by the Dominicans / Fray Miguel Binavides, OP, Primera Obispo de Nueva Segovia SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás 1605 Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo del Rosario 1611 renamed as Colegio de Santo Tomas SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás 1611 renamed as Colegio de Santo Tomas 1645 promoted to University level 1690 received the title Pontifical Notable personalities have attended school in this institution, including national hero Dr. Jose Rizal and Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás January 10, 1785, King Charles III of Spain granted the title “Royal” to the University of Santo Tomas for its contribution to Manila’s defense from the British forces. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás January 10, 1785, King Charles III of Spain granted the title “Royal” to the University of Santo Tomas for its contribution to Manila’s defense from the British forces. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Universidad de Santo Tomás SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran Founded in 1620 by Don Juan Geromino Guerrero, Spanish military captain Administered by the Dominican Friars Oldest college in the Philippines and the oldest secondary institution in Asia. Many Philippine presidents have graduated from this institution SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran Originally orphanage for the Spanish Boys Secondary education with bachelor degree in Arts SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila Escuela Municipal de Manila (1859–1865) Ateneo Municipal de Manila (1865–1901) Ateneo de Manila (1901–1959) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila exclusive school for the Boys with bachelor degree in Arts SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Ateneo de Manila – ERMITA CAMPUS 1921 SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Observatorio Astronomico Y Meteorologico de Manila, Manila Observatory (1865) - Exemplified the effort of Jesuits in the pursuit of scientific knowledge - established by the Jesuits in 1865 at the tower of San Ignacio Church, Intramuros SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Observatorio Astronomico Y Meteorologico de Manila, Manila Observatory (1865) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities In1878, Padre Fedirico Faura,SJ inventor of Faura Barometer became the director Cable connections had been established with other countries overseas request typhoon warning received and granted by the observatory SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities 1884- The Spanish Government declared Father Faura’s weather bureau as a state institution to be known as Manila Observatory. It was relocated to a new building in Ermita as a normal Jesuit School. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Educational and Scientific Facilities SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Educational and Scientific Facilities SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Escuela Publica SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Escuela Publica: Escuela Normal SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities Escuela Publica: Escuela Normal SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Educational and Scientific Facilities In 1900 the first private school to offer an academic title for Maestro de Obras was the Liceo de Manila. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Bahay na Bato: The Realm of Aristocratic Domesticity SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO Casa mestiza or Bahay na bato is evolved from Bahay Kubo/Austronesian House Became the inspiration in developing a similar house having the same feature but on grader scale SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO Bahay na Bato A new type of domestic architecture emerged from two centuries of gestation Combined the elements of the indigenous and Hispanic building traditions Prevent the dangers posed by fires, earthquakes, and cyclones SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO Bahay na Bato The simple house of nipa y caña could no longer satisfy the demands of the new urban elites and the provincial aristocracy SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO PLANO DE CASA SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO PLANO DE CASA SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Two Storeys, at times, Three Ground floor is made of cutstone or bricks Upper floor is made of wood SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Grillwork that protect the ground floor windows Second-storey windows are broad with sliding shutters whose latticework frames either capiz shells (placuna placenta) or glass panels. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Beneath the pasamano (window sill), auxillary windows called ventanillas, (small windows), reach to the floor. Protected with either iron grilles or wooden barandillas (baluster) and sliding wooden shutters SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Beneath the pasamano (window sill), auxillary windows called ventanillas, (small windows), reach to the floor. Protected with either iron grilles or wooden barandillas (baluster) and sliding wooden shutters SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features The house is capped by a high hip roof with a 45-degree-angle points to repel rain and discharge warm air. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Zaguan (vestibule), vestibule and lower part as storage area SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Zaguan (vestibule), vestibule and lower part as storage area SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Entresuelo (mezzanine area) – raised a meter above ground. Used as offices for servants quarter. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Escalera (wooden staircase) – with two landings led to the upper floor and directly onto the interior hanging veranda (caida). SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Escalera (wooden staircase) – with two landings led to the upper floor and directly onto the interior hanging veranda (caida). SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Escalera (wooden staircase) – with two landings led to the upper floor and directly onto the interior hanging veranda (caida). SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Caida (antesala)– Waiting area before being received. This is the most immediate room from the stairs and was an all purpose room for entertaining, sewing, dancing, or even dining. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Caida (antesala)– Waiting area before being received. This is the most immediate room from the stairs and was an all purpose room for entertaining, sewing, dancing, or even dining. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Caida (antesala)– Waiting area before being received. This is the most immediate room from the stairs and was an all purpose room for entertaining, sewing, dancing, or even dining. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Sala (Living Room)– dances and balls were held during fiestas and special occasions. European influence was evident in the furniture, draperies, paintings, porcelain jars, or piano adorning the sala. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Sala (Living Room)– dances and balls were held during fiestas and special occasions. European influence was evident in the furniture, draperies, paintings, porcelain jars, or piano adorning the sala. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Comedor (dining room) – well-furnished with silverware, displayed in “plateras” or glass- paneled cabinets or mesa platera. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Comedor (dining room) – well-furnished with silverware, displayed in “plateras” or glass- paneled cabinets or mesa platera. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Cocina (kitchen) – With its distinctive “banguerra” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Cocina (kitchen) – With its distinctive “banguerra” SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Banyo or paliguan (bathroom) - Adjacent to the kitchen. It was often built separately from the toilet. Latrina (toilet) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Batalan – metamorphosed into the azotea, an outdoor terrace where the residentsand their guests usually relaxed. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Balon (well) and Aljibe (Cistern) – beside the azotea for food preparation and laundry activities SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Volada, cantilevered gallery extending from the exterior of a building SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Essential Features Cuarto - Bedrooms SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Examples Syquia Mansion, Vigan SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  BAHAY NA BATO BAHAY NA BATO Examples Pamintuan Mansion SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Infrastructure and Industrial SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Ferrocarril (Railway) Officially initiated in 1875 by the royal order issued by king Alfonso of Spain Planned by Royal engineer Eduardo Lopez Navarro (General Plan for Railways on the island of luzon) SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Ferrocarril (Railway) This plan aimed to construct a line network totaling 1730 km Cagayan Valley, Central Plains and Bicol SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Ferrocarril (Railway) Tutuban Rail station Manila to Dagupan line Designed by Juan Hervas SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Ferrocarril (Railway) Tranvias Sponsored by Jocobo Zobel de Zangroniz Designed by Luciano Bremon and Adolfo Bayo Founded the “La Campaña Tranvia de Filipinas” Manila to Malabon line SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Puentes / Bridge Puente Grande The first bridge to ever cross the Pasig River was the Puente Grande, a ten- span bridge opened in 1630 by the Spanish colonial government. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Puentes / Bridge Puente de España -1875 - designed by Jose Echevarria SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Puentes / Bridge Puente de Claveria or (Colgante/Suspension) -Arroceros to Quiapo Link -Constructed in 1852 with toll basis - designed by french Engr. M. Gabaud SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Puentes / Bridge Puente de Claveria or (Colgante/Suspension) -Arroceros to Quiapo Link -Constructed in 1852 with toll basis - designed by french Engr. M. Gabaud SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Puentes / Bridge Puente de Convalencia y Ayala - Malacañang to Convalencia -1880 - designed by M. Gabaud SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Farolas / lighthouses San Nicolas Light House (Pasig Farola) – designed in Renaissance Revivalist Style. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Waterworks and Utilities Carriedo Water Works- a piped-in water system opened in 1882. The water daily consumption was drawn by means of pail and kept in jars TAPAYAN to which small alum crystals TAWAS were added for purification for drinking. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial 1809 Calle Escolta- The Premier Business district in the Philippines. Some of the entrepreneurs are European commercial, British, French, German and other expatriates. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial Carinderia with Turo-turo (ready to eat restaurants) and with Sari-Sari/Tiange (Small quantities shop) Market, Mercado Drugstore, Botica Commercial building, Alcalferia Warehouse, Almazen store house, Camarin Factory, fabrica SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial Oil house, acieteros Silk house, Alciacera Rice dealers, arroceros Soap makers, jaboneros Silver and Gold smiths, platerias Salt maker, Salinas Sugar house, azucarera Teatro de a lai libre(open air) Cockfighting Arena, Sabungan en Rueda, earliest amusement gaming system, cockfighting a vernacular pastime SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial Commercial SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial JAIL 1857, Calabozo, Jail Carcel y Presidio Correccional de Manila. Manila Bilibid Prison, Radial Configuration with a central panopticon tower. Designed by Emilio Diaz and Armando Lopez Ezquerra SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial JAIL 1857, Calabozo, Jail Carcel y Presidio Correccional de Manila. Manila Bilibid Prison, Radial Configuration with a central panopticon tower. Designed by Emilio Diaz and Armando Lopez Ezquerra SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial BANK Real Banco Españo de Las Islas Filipinas de Reyna Isabela II oldest existing bank in the country located also in Casa Aduana -owned by the familla Zobel de Ayala SPANISH COLONIAL ERA  Infrastructure and Industrial CONCLUSION The legacy of Spanish Colonialism gave Filipinos built forms and architecture New concepts of space New forms of identities New power relations New ways of orchestrating the everyday colonial experience SPANISH COLONIAL ERA References: -Required Reading: Lico, Gerard (2007). Arkitekturang Filipino: History of Architecture and Urbanism in the Philippines -Ching, Frank (2007). A global history of architecture -Fernandez, Rino (2013). Diksyonariong Biswal ng Arkitekturang Pilipino -Cabalfin, E (2014). What kids should know about Philippine Architecture -Agoncillo, T (1990). History of the Filipino People 8th Edition. GAROTECH publishin UP, Diliman -Alarcon, N. (1991). Philippine architecture during the pre-spanish and Spanish periods. UST Press, Sampaloc, Manila -Gallende, O.S.A. P. (1987). Angels in Stone Architecture of Augustinian churches in the Philippines 1st Edition. G.A.Formoso Publishing, Makati -Jose, R. (1991). Simbahan, Church art in colonial Philippines 1565-1898. Ayala Foundation, Makati -Javellana, S.J. R. (1991). Wood and Stone For God’s greater glory: Jesuit Art and architecture in the Philippines. Ateneo Press, Loyola, Quezon City - Javellana, S.J. R. (2010). La Casa de Dios: the legacy of Filipino-Hispanic Churches in the Philippines, Ortigas Foundation inc., Pasig City -Lico, G. (2013). ISTILO pocket guide to architecture style in the Philippines -Laya,J. Gatbonton,E. (1983) Intramuros of Memory, Intramuros Administration -Laya,J. Toralba,M. Tinio,M. Philippine Heritage Homes a Guide Book (2014), Anvil Publishing, Mandaluyong City -Noche, M. (2010). Retablo: the living shrines of Faith, Filipino Heritage Festival inc/Museum Foundation, Ermita, Manila -Tinio Jr. Martin, Zialzita Fernando. (1987) Philippine Ancestral Houses. -Tettoni,T. Reyes,E.(2012) The Philippine Style: Design & Architecture -Cabigas, E. http://simbahan.net/ -Cabigas, E. http://langyaw.com/