Waves And Their Properties Physics 10 PDF

WAVES AND THEIR PROPERTIES PHYSICS 10 WAVE ◼ a propagating dynamic disturbance that travel between vibrating and oscillating fields. ◼ contains a series of crests (upper point) and troughs (lower point). ◼ may behave in different natures depending on the way it travels and propagates. ◼ a prima...

WAVES AND THEIR PROPERTIES PHYSICS 10 WAVE ◼ a propagating dynamic disturbance that travel between vibrating and oscillating fields. ◼ contains a series of crests (upper point) and troughs (lower point). ◼ may behave in different natures depending on the way it travels and propagates. ◼ a primary example of a waves are surface waves that flow on water. ◼ light, sound, and particular motion all exhibit wavelike properties. SOUND ◼ vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear. ◼ produced when matter vibrates through a medium ◼ consists of waves that travel at a direction parallel to the source's path LONGITUDINAL WAVES ◼ travel in a direction parallel to the material action. It consists of: ◼ Compressions ❖ a part in a longitudinal wave where particles are closer ❖ decrease in volume ◼ Rarefactions ❖ when particles are spread out ❖ increase in volume PROPERTIES: LONGITUDINAL WAVES ◼ Wavelength (λ) ❖ the distance between two successive compressions ◼ Frequency (f) ❖ the number of compressions that pass through in a second ◼ Period (T) ❖ the time it takes for one full vibration PROPERTIES OF SOUND PHYSICS 10 PROPERTIES OF SOUND ◼ Pitch ◼ The perception of frequency of sound by human ear within the range of human hearing. ◼ The higher the pitch of the sound, the higher is its frequency and a lower pitch means a lower frequency. PROPERTIES OF SOUND ◼ Loudness ◼ The perception of amplitude of sound waves. ◼ The amplitude of the sound is a measure of the magnitude of the maximum disturbance of sound. ◼ The amplitude may also be described as the height of a crest/trough with relevance to the wavefront. LIGHT ◼ radiation that travels through a medium (or lack thereof), allowing objects to be visible. ◼ consists of waves that can travel through a vacuum. ◼ propagates through an oscillating electric and magnetic field at a perpendicular direction. TRANSVERSE WAVES ◼ travel in a direction perpendicular from the material action ◼ contains a series of crests (high point) and troughs (low point) ◼ note that crests are treated like compressions and troughs are treated like rarefactions PROPERTIES: TRANSVERSE WAVES ◼ Wavelength ❖ the distance between two successive crests or troughs ◼ Frequency ❖ the number of full waves that pass through in a second ◼ Period ❖ the time it takes for one full vibration SPEED OF A WAVE ◼ Waves travel at different speeds depending on their wavelengths (λ) and frequencies (f). ◼ It is found with the formula: ❖ v = λf ❖ speed (in m/s) = wavelength (in m) x frequency (in Hz) ❖ T = 1/f ❖ period (in secs) = one/frequency (in Hz) FEEL THE FLOW WAVES A wave has a frequency of 32.75 Hz and a wavelength of 12.50 meters. What is the speed of the wave? v = 409.38 m/s A sound wave that travels through the air at 331.45 m/s has a frequency of 17.25 Hz. How long is its wavelength? λ = 19.21 meters The speed of a wave is 85.64 m/s. If the wave is 972 cm long, what is the frequency of the wave? F = 8.81 Hz A 1385 dm-long wave is traveling at a speed of 67.65 m/s. How long would its period take? T = 2.05 seconds CAN SOUNDS TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES? PHYSICS 10 MECHANICAL WAVES ◼ travels through different types of medium, but cannot travel through a vacuum ◼ sound is a mechanical wave that requires a solid, liquid, or gas to pass through. ◼ sound moves fastest in solids and slowest in gases. ◼ apart from density, sound also travels faster in high temperatures.  LIGHT AS A WAVE ◼ Rather than oscillations of matter, light waves propagate through the vertical interchanging of electric and magnetic fields. ◼ That said, these fields exist in planes even without the presence of media. As such, light travels through a vacuum. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ◼ propagates in the presence or absence of a medium ◼ visible light is an electromagnetic wave that can travel through a vacuum at 299,792,458 m/s (3x108 m/s) ◼ the speed of light waves decrease as it enters a denser medium. ◼ as such, when light travels through different media, its speed changes. This change is called… REFRACTION ◼ a change in speed due to waves crossing through media of different optical densities ◼ in a diagram of refraction, two main angles are presented. ◼ the incident angle (α) is the angle at which light strikes the object or medium with respect to the normal line ◼ the refracted angle (β) is the angle formed after light bends due to a change in optical density  COLORS OF LIGHT ◼ each visible color of light has its own refractive index. ◼ when white light is shone through a prism, it separates into its various component colors. ◼ these colors come at different speeds, which then have their own wavelengths and FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH ◼ red light has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency. ◼ violet light has the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength. As such, wavelength and Arranged from longest to shortest Arranged from highest frequency have an inverse to lowest frequency wavelength and energy. relationship. SHORT QUIZ! WAVES AND THEIR PROPERTIES PHYSICS 10  PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE! ◼ Choose the letter of the best answer. ◼ Write your answer in uppercase (capital letter). ◼ No erasures or superimpositions.  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A dynamic disturbance that propagates between oscillating fields. A. Force B. Wave C. Vibration D. Frequency  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 2. The upper peak of a wave. A. Crest B. Trough C. Amplitude D. Wavefront  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 3. Waves that travel at a direction parallel to the initial force. A. Mechanical B. Electromagnetic C. Transverse D. Longitudinal  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 4. Described as a wave’s lower point. A. Crest B. Trough C. Amplitude D. Wavefront  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 5. Waves that travel at a different direction from an 0 initial force, making a 90 angle. A. Mechanical B. Electromagnetic C. Transverse D. Longitudinal  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 6. Described as the absence of matter which some waves cannot propagate through. A. Medium B. Pathway C. Void D. Vacuum  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 7. These types of waves can travel through a medium, but never in the absence of it. A. Mechanical B. Electromagnetic C. Transverse D. Longitudinal  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 8. Which among these may be considered a mechanical wave? A. Radio B. Sound C. X-Ray D. Light  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 9. Pitch is a property of sound that highlights…? A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Frequency D. Wave Energy  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 10. The height of a wave, with relevance to its midpoint. A. Amplitude B. Wavelength C. Frequency D. Wave Energy  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 11. The number of waves that pass through a certain point in a second. A. Wave Speed B. Wavelength C. Frequency D. Wave Energy  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 12. The distance between two succeeding crests of a wave. A. Wave Speed B. Wavelength C. Frequency D. Wave Energy  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 13. The property of light which allows it to change speed upon passing through different media. A. Reflection B. Transmission C. Refraction D. Reverberation  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 14. An angle formed by comparing the normal line to a ray of light before striking a new medium. A. Incident B. Reflected C. Refracted D. Transmitted  SHORT QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE 15. Wavelength and frequency are ____________ to each other. A. Directly related B. Inversely related C. Distantly related D. Not related  PART II: ARRANGEMENT! ◼ Order the colors of light from highest to lowest frequency. ◼ Order the colors of light from longest to shortest wavelength.  PART III: SOLVE IT! A radio wave travelling through a vacuum has a frequency of 1.5 kHz. How long would its wavelength be?