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MIL REVIEWER STEM D Lesson1: Media and Information Literacy participate fully in their community and wider society. Media ✓ a means of identification, understanding, ✓ The physical objects used to...

MIL REVIEWER STEM D Lesson1: Media and Information Literacy participate fully in their community and wider society. Media ✓ a means of identification, understanding, ✓ The physical objects used to interpretation, creation, and communication communicate with, or the mass encompass ways of thinking about communication through physical objects information and experiences, processing such as radio, television, computers, film, with others to challenge and continuously etc. update thinking, and demonstrating new ✓ It also refers to any physical object used ideas, solutions, and understandings in the to communicate messages. manner that best suits the situation. ✓ is the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or Media Literacy data. ✓ ability to access, analyze, evaluate, ✓ refers to any means of communication. and create media in a variety of forms aims to empower citizens by providing them Information with the competencies necessary to ✓ A broad term that covers processed engage with traditional media and new data, knowledge derived from study, technologies experience, instruction, signals, or symbols. ✓ability to apply critical thinking skills to the ✓ comes from data put together in a messages, signs, and symbols transmitted meaningful way. through mass media. ✓ is processed, organized and ✓ the ability to access and analyze media structured data. messages as well as create, reflect and ✓ is organized data obtained from various take action, using the power of sources. information and communication to make a difference in the world. Communication ✓ It is the act or process of using words, Information Literacy sounds, signs, or behaviors to express ✓ ability to recognize when information your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. to is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and someone else effectively communicate information in ✓ a process by which information is its various formats. exchanged between individuals through a ✓ ability to find, evaluate, common system of symbols, signs, or organize, use, and communicate behavior. information in all its various formats, most notably in situations requiring Literacy decision making, problem solving, or ✓ ability to identify, understand, interpret, the acquisition of knowledge. create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated Technology Literacy with varying context ✓ when an individual is proficient in ✓ involves a continuum of learning, wherein using computers and other digital individuals are able to achieve their goals, devices to access the Internet, digital develop their knowledge and potential, and literacy gives them the ability to use the MIL REVIEWER STEM D Internet to discover, review, evaluate, create, and use information via various digital platforms. Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) Papyrus plant is a reed that grows ✓ Creating content: This includes in marshy areas around the Nile posting to social media, making a river. YouTube video, and writing a blog post. Clay tablets (2400 BC) Mesopotamian scribes recorded Media and Information Literacy daily events, trade, astronomy ✓ The essential skills and competencies and literature on clay tablets. that allow individuals to engage with media and other information providers effectively, Cuneiform as well as develop critical thinking and was used by people throughout the life-long learning skills to socialize and ancient Near East to write several become active citizens. different languages. ✓ empowers people to think critically is one of the oldest forms of writing about information and use of digital known. tools. It means "wedge-shaped," ✓ provides the backbone to because people wrote it using a reed understanding stylus cut to make a wedge-shaped media and the role of media in our mark on a clay tablet. society. Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) Lesson 2: The Evolution of Traditional to first daily gazette New Media were carved on stone or metal and presented in message boards in PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (Before 1700s) public places like the Roman. It People discovered fire, developed records official business and matters paper from plants, and forged of public interest. weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper, and iron. Dibao in China (2nd Century) The earliest and oldest newspaper in Cave paintings (52,000 BC) the world. are a type of parietal art found on was a type of publication issued by the wall of ceilings of caves. central and local governments in were created by mixing together imperial China. different colored rocks, charcoal, They have been called "palace animal blood, and berries. reports" or "imperial bulletins". Parietal art (also referred to as "cave Codex in the Mayan region (5thCentury) art") are folding books written by the is used to denote any prehistoric art pre-Columbian Maya civilization. found on cave walls. MIL REVIEWER STEM D A telecommunications device that Codices permits two or more users to folded paper manuscripts conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. Printing press using wooden blocks (220 AD) A technique for printing text, images Punch cards (1890) or patterns used widely throughout A card perforated according to a East Asia and originating in China as code, for controlling the operation of a method of printing on textiles and a machine. later paper. a card in which holes are punched allowed for the spread of in designated positions to information, religious texts, and represent data for input, output, news, making literacy more and storage. accessible to the general population Motion picture photography/projection INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s-1930s) (1890) People used the power of steam, based on the phenomenon that the developed machine tools, established human brain will perceive an illusion iron production, and the manufacturing of continuous movement from a of various products (including books, succession of still images through the printing press). Printing press for mass production (19th Newspaper -The London Gazette (1640) Century) One of the official journals of record a device for applying pressure to an of the British government inked surface resting upon a print medium (paper or cloth), thereby Typewriter (1800) transferring the ink. a machine that has keys that are pressed in order to print letters, is a device that allows for the mass numbers, or other symbols onto production of uniform printed matter, paper. mainly text in the form of books, a mechanical or electromechanical pamphlets and newspapers. machine for writing characters Commercial motion picture (1913) Telegraph (1830) Also called film or movie, series of A long distance transmission of still photographs on film, projected in textual messages is a rapid succession onto a screen by communication system that means of light sends information by making and breaking an electrical connection. Motion picture with sound (1926) with synchronized sound, or sound Telephone (1876) technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. MIL REVIEWER STEM D limitations, the electronic system was far superior to its predecessor and rapidly ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s-1980s) improving. The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the Large electronic computers power of transistors that led to the transistor ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical radio, electronic circuits, and the early Integrator and Computer computers. In this age, long distance was the result of a U.S. government-funded communication became more efficient. project during World War II to build an electronic computer that could be Television (1927) programmed a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in - The American military sponsored this monochrome (black and white), or in research because it needed a computer for color, and in two or three dimensions and calculating artillery-firing tables, the settings sound. used for different weapons under varied conditions for target accuracy. Mechanical Television (1920) Invented by John Logie Baird and Charles The UNIVAC I - 1951 Francis Jenkins (UNIVersalAutomatic Computer I) was the first commercial computer. - Mechanical television or mechanical scan television is an obsolete television - It was designed principally by J. Presper system that relies on a mechanical scanning Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of device, such as a rotating disk with holes in the ENIAC. it or a rotating mirror drum, to scan the scene and generate the video signal, and a - was the first general-purpose electronic similar mechanical device at the receiver to digital computer design for business display the picture application produced in the United States. - The "televisor" (right) which produces the Electronic delay storage automatic picture uses a spinning metal disk with a calculator (EDSAC) - 1949 series of holes in it, called a Nipkow disk, in a computer constructed by Maurice Wilkes front of a neon lamp. Each hole in the disk and his team. EDSAC was the second passing in front of the lamp produces a scan electronic digital stored program computer line which makes up the image. to go into regular service Electronic Television (1927) - a large-scale electronic calculating - Invented by Philo Taylor Farnsworth machine in which ultrasonic delay units are used for storage of orders and numbers. It Electronic television sets eventually is serial in operation and works in the scale began to replace mechanical systems. With of two. Punched tape is used for input and better picture quality, no noise, a more a teleprinter for output. compact size, and fewer visual MIL REVIEWER STEM D - Invented by Jules Duboscq (1866) Transistor Radio (1954) A small portable radio receiver that uses OHP (late 1950s) transistor-based circuitry. The Regency a focusing lens projects light from an TR-1 was the first practical transistor radio illuminated slide onto a projection screen made in any significant numbers by Texas where a real image is formed Instruments. like a film or slide projector, uses light to - a miniature device that is used to control project an enlarged image on a screen, or regulate the flow of electronic signals. allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience. - type of semiconductor device that can be used to conduct and insulate electric LCD (1968) current or voltage. A transistor basically acts a type of video projector for displaying as a switch and an amplifier. video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. Mainframe computers Personal Computers Used primarily by large organizations for - an early programmable calculator critical applications; bulk data processing, - a computer designed for use by one such as census, industry and consumer person at a time statistics, enterprise resource planning and - a desktop computer designed and transaction processing. hand-built by Steve Wozniak IBM 704 (1954) Apple 1 (1976) a large-scale, high-speed electronic In 1976, the Apple 1 was originally a calculator controlled by an internally do-it-yourself kit which didn't even come stored program of the single address type. with a case. Even so, as the first all-in-one microcomputer that, once hooked up to a - high-performance computers with large keyboard and monitor, didn't require extra amounts of memory and data processors circuitry to display text, it was a giant step that process billions of simple forward over the competition. calculations and transactions in real time. HP 9100 A (1968) The 9100A was the first scientific calculator Projector by the modern definition, i.e., capable of An object used to project rays of light onto a trigonometric, logarithmic (log/ln), and screen exponential functions, and was the beginning of Hewlett-Packard's long history - device for transferring photographic and of using Reverse Polish notation (RPN) other images in an enlarged form onto a entry on their calculators. viewing screen. All types of projectors employ a light source and a lens system. - Developed by Alexandre-Edmund Becquerel (1853) MIL REVIEWER STEM D INFORMATION AGE (1900s-2000s) Social Network The Internet paved the way for faster A social structure made up of a set communication and the creation of of social actors sets of dyadic ties the social network. and other social interactions Web browser Facebook (2004) A software application for accessing a social networking service launched information on the World Wide Web as FaceMash in July 2003, but later changing to The facebook on Mosaic (1993) February 4, 2004 the web browser that popularized founded by Mark Zuckerberg and the World Wide Web and the Eduardo Saveri Internet. Friendster (2002) Internet Explorer allows users to contact other Was a series of graphical web members and share online browsers developed by Microsoft content/media A social gaming site based in Blogs Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Founded A regularly updated website or web by Jonathan page, that is written in an informal or conversational style Multiply (2003) a social networking service with an LiveJournal (1999) emphasis on allowing users to a Russian social networking share media – such as photos, service where users can keep a videos and blog entries – with blog, journal or diary their "real-world" network Owned by Stefan WordPress (2003) a free and open-source content Microblogs management most associated with social media sites to which a user blogging but supports other types of makes short, frequent posts web content including more traditional mailing lists and Tumblr (2007) forums, media galleries, and Allows users to post multimedia and online stores other content to a short-form blog founded by David Karp Blogspot (1999) Pyra Labs launched a program Twitter (2006) called “Blogspot” that would let A social networking service on which people run their own blogs users post and interact with messages known as “tweets” MIL REVIEWER STEM D Founded by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone and Evan W Video a recording of a motion picture or Search Engine television program for playing A program that searches for and through a television set or gadget identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or YouTube (2005) characters specified by the user, A video-sharing website where users used especially for finding could upload, share and view particular sites on the World Wide content Founded by Chad Hurley, Web Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim Yahoo (1995) A directory of other web sites, Augmented Reality (2018) organized in a hierarchy A technology that superimposes a Early known as Jerry and David’s computer generated image on a Guide to the WWW Yet Another user’s view of the real world, thus Hierarchical Officious Oracle providing Founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo Virtual Reality (2016) An experience taking place within Google (1996) simulated and immersive Has become the most used environments that can be similar web-based search engine from the real world Developed a search algorithm known as “BackRub” Founded by Video Chat Larry Page and Sergey Brin A face to face conversation held over the Internet by means of Portable Computer webcams and dedicated software A computer designed to be easily moved from one place to another Google Hangouts (2013) and included a display and keyboard A communication platform examples. laptops, tablets, netbooks developed by Google which includes messaging video chat, Smartphones and VOIP features A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, Skype (2003) having the interface, Internet access, A telecommunications application and OS capable of running that specializes in providing video applications chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, etc. via the Wearable Technology Internet Created by NiklasZennstrom and Janus MIL REVIEWER STEM D Are smart electronic devices that Write, print, photocopy, photograph, can be incorporated into clothing or download, cloud storage, record, external worn on the body as accessories memory drives, memory cards examples. samsung gear 2 How will you determine the quality and iCloud (2011) accuracy of the information that you A technology used to store data and have? information on a remote server it should come from a reputable source, rather than on a physical drive such as an institution Big Data (2007) How do you use the information that you Speed data collection and dataflow have? management share, apply, announce, post, archive, reminder, answer a query, clarify confusion LESSON 3: INFORMATION LITERACY How will you communicate information? announcement, text, post to social media, Information face to face session, note, chat, email, save - Data that has been collected, processed, file and interpreted in order to be presented in a useable form STAGES / ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION LITERACY - A broad term that can cover processed Identifying/recognizing information data, knowledge derived from study, needs experience, instruction, signals, or symbols. Determining sources of information In the media world, information is often Citing or searching for information used to describe knowledge of specific Analyzing and evaluating the quality events or situations that has been gathered of information Organizing, storing or or received by communication, intelligence, archiving information Using or news reports. information in an ethical, efficient and effective way Why do you need information? Creating and communicating new to be updated with the news, for knowledge learning/education purposes for Information Literacy communication to acquire knowledge for - A set of individual competencies needed to decision making. identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way Where do you search information? across all domains, occupations and internet, television, library, radio, professions. newspapers, etc. - It refers to the ability to recognize when How do you acquire and store information is needed and to locate, information? evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats. MIL REVIEWER STEM D Example Original: Symptoms of influenza - Identify+Find+Evaluate+Apply include fever and nasal congestion. +Acknowledge Paraphrase: A stuffy nose and elevated temperature are signs you may have the flu. Plagiarism Using other people's words and ideas Explanation: In paraphrasing, the sentence without clearly acknowledging the source of is rewritten with different words and the information. structure while keeping the same overall meaning. Common knowledge Facts that can be found in numerous places Lesson 4. Type of Media and are likely to be widely known Example: Jose Rizal is the Philippine Print Media National Hero. - media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is Interpretation traditionally mechanical. The act of explaining, reframing, or otherwise showing your own understanding - is a form of publishing that relies upon of something. - Google paper as its medium. Magazines, Example: CARLOS YULO is the greatest newspapers, flyers, and books are all gymnast in history. examples of print media. This idea is not a fact but an interpretation Broadcast Media or an opinion. You need to cite the source. - media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using airwaves as Quotation the transmission medium. Using someone words directly. When you - a wide spectrum of different use a direct quote, place the passage communication methods such as television, between quotation marks, and document radio, newspapers, magazines and any the source according to a standard other materials supplied by the media and documenting style. press. Example: According to John Smith of the New York Times, "37% of all children under New Media the age of 10 live below the poverty line". content organized and distributed on digital You need to cite the source. platforms. Paraphrase Media Convergence Using someone's ideas but rephrasing them - Unlock the term Media Convergence using in your own words. Although you will use the following definitions: your own words to paraphrase, you must - The co-existence of traditional and new still acknowledge and cite the source of media. information - The co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet, MIL REVIEWER STEM D mobile phones, as well as others, allowing Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s media content to flow across various traditional land-use zoning system. platforms. - The ability to transform different kinds of Indigenous Media media into digital code, which is then is owned, controlled and managed by accessible by a range of devices (ex. from indigenous peoples in order for them to the personal computer to the mobile phone), develop and produce culturally appropriate thus creating a digital communication information in the languages understood by environment. the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting - Comprised of websites, online video/audio community needs and interests, visions and streams, email, online social platforms, aspirations, and independent from vested online communities, online forums, blogs, interest groups (Indigenous Media, Internet telephony, Web advertisements, Freedom of Expression and Right to online education and much more. Information: ASEAN Scenario, 2014). - Media content producers should follow a B. Library. code of ethics that PROHIBITS the use of It is a place in which literary, musical, abusive or discriminatory material based on artistic, or reference materials (such as race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical ability books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) or marital status. are kept for use but not for sale. It was existed because of the birth of the printing Lesson 5. Media and Information press. And expected to select and provide Sources content that area easy to access. Its main role is to organize and provide you access Sources of Media and Information information. And labelled as “steward of Information can come from virtually good information”. anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine C. Internet. articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and It is a global computer network providing a web pages — and the type of information variety of information and communication you need will change depending on the facilities, consisting of interconnected question you are trying to answer. networks using standardized communication protocols. A. Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also known as local knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is the knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It may contrast with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms. MIL REVIEWER STEM D ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE matter are considered as having sound OF INFORMATION authority on the subject. Accuracy of Information Lesson 6. Media and Information Accuracy refers to the closeness of the Languages report to the actual data. Measurement of “Language may be a source of accuracy varies, depending on the type of misunderstanding” Marshall McLuhan, 1964 information being evaluated. Language the method of human communication, either Forecasts are said to be accurate if the spoken or written, consisting of the use of report is similar to the actual data. Financial words in a structured and conventional way. information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and Media Language presented. Pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that Reliability of Information media and information professionals may Information is said to be reliable if it can be select and use in an effort to communicate verified and evaluated. Others refer to the ideas, information and knowledge trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. Visual/Symbolic Codes - There are codes that are embedded in the Timeliness technical codes such as objects, setting, Reliability, accuracy, and value of body language, clothing, and color. These information may vary based on the time it codes suggests or connote, rather than was produced or acquired. While a piece of explicitly state the meaning of a media information may have been found accurate, message. reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced. Other information may be - The understanding of the message may timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, depend on the receiver of the message. accuracy, and value throughout history. examples.traffic lights, flowers color means. Value of Information The value of information would also depend Written Codes on the need of the user but these are the - The use of language style and textual key skills to better get the rightful layout also express meaning. information that you need to: - Captions, titles, slogans, taglines, and Authority of the Source some other language elements are utilized Much of the information we gather daily do in a way that may suggest a particular not come from a primary source but are meaning. passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources - This more often dictated by editorial with an established expertise on the subject principles and policies of a particular news agencies/organization. MIL REVIEWER STEM D Gambling Technical Codes the activity of risking money on the result of include sound, camera angles, types of something. shots and lighting. They may include, for example, ominous music to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of power in Online Predators a photograph a person or group that ruthlessly exploits others Convention Rules or generally accepted ways of Cyber bullies constructing form and informing meaning in person/s who habitually seeks to harm or media products. Includes story principles, intimidate those whom they perceive as form and structure, generic structures, vulnerable character and story arcs, cause and effect, point of view, the structuring of time, Identity thieves elements of page layout, paper stock for a person that uses another person's print, titles and credits sequences, personal information in order to make hyperlinking and mounting and framing of purchases without that person's permission images. It involves arrangement, combination or sequence of a media form. Texting/sexting the act of sending or receiving Messages sexually-explicit images and messages The information sent from a source or receiver Illegal Drugs a substance that affects the way the body Audience functions; illegal intake makes a person The group of consumers for whom a media unpredictable and dangerous message was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the Hacker message a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data Producers People engaged in the process of creating Warez and putting together media content to make referring to pirated software that is a finished media product distributed via the Internet. Other stakeholders Copyright Libraries, archives, museums, internet and A legal device that gives the creator of a other relevant information providers literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell the Lesson 7. Legal, Ethical, and Societal work. Copyright owners have the right to Issues in Media and Information Literacy control the reproduction of the work, including the right to receive payment for MIL REVIEWER STEM D that reproduction. An author may grant or designs; and symbols, names and images sell those rights to others, including used in commerce. publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement. Plagiarism Republic Act No. 8293 or the Intellectual An act or instance of using or closely Property Code of the Philippines imitating the language or thoughts of An act prescribing the intellectual property another author without authorization; the code and establishing the intellectual representation of the author’s work as one’s property office, providing for its powers and own, as by not crediting the original author functions, and for other purposes Cyber Bullying Types of Intellectual Property Bullying takes place online, or using Copyright electronic technology such as cell phones, (author’s right) a legal term used to computers, and tablets over communication describe the rights that creators have over tools including social media sites, text their literary and artistic works. Works messages, chat, and websites. covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to Computer addiction computer programs, databases, The excessive use of computers to the advertisements, maps and technical extent that interferes with daily life. This drawings. excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with Patent social interaction, or affect mood, an exclusive right granted for an invention. relationships, and though processes. Generally speaking, a patent provides the patent owner with the right to decide how - Digital divide or whether - the invention can be used by An electronic inequality between groups in others. In exchange for this right, the patent terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of owner makes technical information about ICT. The divide within countries can refer the invention publicly available in the to inequalities between individuals, published patent document. households, businesses, and geographic areas at different socioeconomic levels. The Trademark Global digital divide designates countries sign capable of distinguishing the goods or as the units of analysis, and examines the services of one enterprise from those of divide between developing and developed other enterprises. Trademarks date back to countries on an international scale. ancient times when artisans used to put their signature or "mark" on their products. Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as Industrial design inventions; literary and artistic works; is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through MIL REVIEWER STEM D techniques of mass production. The creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features takes place in advance of the physical act of making a product. Geographical indications Geographical indications and appellations of origin are signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin. Most commonly, a geographical indication includes the name of the place of origin of the goods