Metode Pengembangan Sistem PDF

MENE@EJ MEIEM-MEIEM MGQHAG RGOKGMCEOKEO YFYQGM AFYWYWO H@GJ< AFINV NWSOFE[EO RSHKSEM YQWAF YFYQGM FODHSMEYF DENW@QEY QGNOFN F@MW AEO NHMRWQGS WOFTGSYFQEY QGNOHNSEQ FOAHOGYFE CEOAES @EMRWOK 3233/3239  N...

MENE@EJ MEIEM-MEIEM MGQHAG RGOKGMCEOKEO YFYQGM AFYWYWO H@GJ< AFINV NWSOFE[EO RSHKSEM YQWAF YFYQGM FODHSMEYF DENW@QEY QGNOFN F@MW AEO NHMRWQGS WOFTGSYFQEY QGNOHNSEQ FOAHOGYFE CEOAES @EMRWOK 3233/3239  NEQE RGOKEOQES Esse`emu‖e`efnum werejmetu``ejf wecerenetuj. E`jemau`f``ejfreccf`e`emfo. Ygke`e pulf cekf E``ej yeok tg`ej mgoh`hok seye mgoyg`gsefneo mgoyg`gsefneo `ephreo fof agokeo pgouj ngmuaejeo. ngmuaejeo. Qeope pgrth`hokeo-Oye muoknfo seye tfaen eneo seokkup mgoyg`gsefneo agokeo cefn. sje`ewet aeo se`em sgmhke tgr`fmpej iurejneo ngpeae cekfoae tgrifote yenof oecf mujemmea YE[. Ygmhke Eoe`fsfs fof aepet mgmcgrfneo weweseo yeok `gcfj `ues ngpeae pgmceie. [e`eupuo Eoe`fsfs fof mgmf`fnf ng`gcfjeo aeo ngnureokeo. Yeye mhjho uotun sereo aeo nrftfnoye. Qgrfme nesfj. Ceoaer @empuok, 35 Lu`f 3233 Afiny Nurofeweo  CEC 5 RGOAEJW@WEO 5.5 @eter Cg`eneok Mgthag pgokgmceokeo systgm eae`ej suetu prhsgs pgokgmceokeo systgm yeok dhrme` aeo prgsfsf yeok mgoagdfofsfneo mgoagdfofsfneo sgreoknefeo entfvftes, mgthag, cgst preitfigs aeo thh`s yeok tgreuthmesf cekf pere pgokgmceok aeomeoekgr prhygn ae`em reokne mgokgmceokneo aeo mgrewet sgcekef ngsg`urujeo systgm fodhrmesf eteu shdtwerg shdtwerg.. Rrfosfp Rgokgmceokeo Yfstgm  Yfstgm yk afngmceokneo eae`ej uotun meoelgmgo  Yfstgm yk afngmceokneo eae`ej fovgstesf mhae` yk cgser  Yfstgm yk afngmceokneo mgmgr`uneo hreok yk tgrafafn  Qejepeo ngrle aeo tukes-tukes yk jerus af`enuneo ae`em prhsgs pgokgmceokeo sfstgm  Rrhsgs pgokgmceokeo sfstgm tfaen jerus urut  Leokeo tenut mgmcete`neo prhygn  Ahnumgotesf jerus eae utn pgahmeo ae`em  pgokgmceokeo sfstgm E`eseo Ngtfaencgrgseo  afpgr`uneo Rgokgmceokeo Yfstgm Fodhrmesf a`m sfstgm `eme  Rgrtumcujeo hrkeofsesf < ngcutujeo fodhrmesf yk sgmenfo `ues, vh`umg pgokh`ejeo aete mgofoknet, pgrucejeo prfosfp enuoteosf  Wotun mgrefj ngsgmpeteo ’ ngsgmpeteo ae`em cgrcekef je`, sgpgrtf < pg`ueok-pg`ueok peser, pg`eyeoeo pg`eyeoeo yk mgofoknet npa pg`eokkeo  Eaeoye fostrunsf-fostrunsf (afrgitfvg) aerf pfmpfoeo eteu aerf `uer hrkeofsesf spt pgretureo. Qfm Rgokgmceokeo Yfstgm Rgokgmceokeo sfstgm tgotuoye jerus afaunuok h`gj pgrshoe`-pgrshoe` yeok nhmpgtgo af cfaeokoye. Yuetu Yuetu Qfm cfeseoye tgrafrf aerf< aerf<  Meoelgr Eoe`fs Yfstgm  Ngtue Eoe`fs Yfstgm  Eoe`fs Yfstgm Ygofhr  Eoe`fs Yfstgm Luofhr  Rgmrhkrem Ep`fnesf Ygofhr  Rgmrhkrem Ep`fnesf Luofhr Lum`ej pgrshof` Qfm af etes afpgr`uneo epecf`e sfstgm yeok eneo afngmceokneo iunup cgser. Epecf`e sfstgm yeok eneo afngmceokneo ngif`, mene pgrshof`oye aepet afsgsuefneo cgraeserneo ngcutujeo. 5.3 Sumuseo Sumuseo Mese` Mese`ej ej 5. Epe ftu ftu mgth mgthag ag pgokg pgokgmce mceoke okeo o systgm systgm88 3. Epe sele sele meie meiemm meiem meiem mgthag mgthag pgokg pgokgmceo mceokeo keo sfstg sfstgm8 m8 9. Yfepe Yfepe ssele ele Qfm pgo pgokgm kgmceo ceokeo keo sfstgm sfstgm88 5.9 Qulueo Qulueo Rgou`fse Rgou`fseo o 5. Mgokgteju Mgokgtejuff epe epe ftu ftu mg mgthag thag pgokgmceo pgokgmceokeo keo systgm. systgm. 3. Mgokgteju Mgokgtejuff Epe sele sele meiem meiem meiem meiem mgth mgthag ag pgo pgokgmce kgmceokeo okeo sfstgm. sfstgm. 9. Mgokgteju Mgokgtejuff Yfepe Yfepe sele Qfm pgok pgokgmce gmceokeo okeo sfstgm. sfstgm. CEC FF RGMCEJEYEO 3.3 Meiem-Meiem Mgthag Rgokgmceokeo Yystgm 5. Mgthag Mgthag Yyst Yystgm gm Agvg` Agvg`hpm hpmgot got @fdg @fdg Iyi`g Iyi`g (Y@AI) (Y@AI) Mgthag fof eae`ej mgthag pgokgmceokeo sfstgm fodhrmesf yeok pgrteme ne`f afkuoeneo meneoye afsgcut agokeo mgthag treafsfhoe`. Mgthag fof prhthtypg Eae`ej tejep-tejepeo pgngrleeo yeok af`enuneo h`gj eoe`fs eoe`fs sfstgm aeo prhkremgr prhkremgr ae`em mgmceokuo sfstgm sfstgm fodhrmesf. Qejep-tejep Y@AI yeftu<  Mg`enuneo survgy aeo mgof`ef ng`eyeneo prhygn pgokgmceokeo sfstgm fodhrmesf.  Mgmpg`elerf aeo mgokeoe`fsfs sfstgm fodhrmesf yeok sgaeok cgrle`eo.  Mgogotuneo pgrmfoteeo pgmenef sfstgm fodhrmesf.  Mgmf`fj sh`usf eteu pgmgiejeo mese`ej yeok pe`fok cefn.  Mgogotuneo pgreoknet ngres aeo pgreoknet `uoen ihmputgr.  Mgreoieok sfstgm fodhrmesf ceru.  Mgoknhmuofnesfneo Mgoknhmuofnesfne o aeo mgokfmp`gmgotesfneo sfstgm fodhrmesf ceru.  Mgmg`fjere aeo mg`enuneo pgrcefneo/pgofokneteo sfstgm fodhrmesf ceru. Ng`gcfjeo  Muaej afep`fnesfneo.  Mgmcgrfneo tgmp`etg tgoteok mgthag eoe`fsfs, agsefo, pgoknhageo, pgokulfeo, aeo pgmg`fjereeo. Ngnureokeo  Lereok sgne`f prhygn rff` mgokfnutf e`freo sgnugosfe` yeok afeolurneo mhag` nergoe mhag` fof cfse mg`enuneo ftgrsf tfaen `eoksuok.  Rg`eokkeo su`ft uotun mgoyeteneo ngcutujeo sgiere gnsp`fsft sgjfokke su`ft uotun mgkenhmhaesf ngtfaenpestfeo peae seet ewe` prhygn.  Rg`eokkeo jerus cgrsfnep secer nergoe jerus mgouokku sempef enjfr prhygn af`e`uf. Ygcuej ngse`ejeo lfne tfaen afngtejuf aerf ewe` eneo mgoleaf mese`ej cgser nergoe jerus mgoku`eok aerf ewe`.  Rgokgmceok sgrfok me`enuneo pgouoaeeo yeok tfaen pgr`u nergoe eokkhte tfm prhygn jerus mgouokku mgouokku tfm `efo uotun mg`goknepf tukes nergoe nergoe mgmf`fnf ngtgrkeotuokeo je` fof mgoygcecneo pgokkuoeeo wentu tfaen gdgsfgo. 3. Mh Mhag ag`` [EQG [EQGSD SDE@ E@@ @ Ygrfok luke afsgcut mhag` Ygqugotfe` @fofgr. Mgthag pgokgmceokeo sfstgm yeok pe`fok tue aeo pe`fok sgagrjeoe. Ihihn uotun pgokgmceokeo pgreoknet `uoen agokeo spgsfdfnesf yeok tfaen cgrucej-ucej. Mhag` fof mgoygafeneo pgoagneteo e`ur jfaup pgreoknet `uoen sgiere sgqugotfe` eteu tgrurut afmu`ef aerf eoe`fse, agsefo, pgoknhageo, pgokulfeo aeo tejep pgoaunuok Qejep-Qejep Mgthag [EQGSDE@@<  Eoe`fsfs Ngcutujeo Rgreoknet @uoen  Agsefo  Rgmcueteo Nhag Rrhkrem  Rgokulfeo  Rgoaunuok eteu Rgmg`fjereeo Ng`gcfjeo  Nue`ftes aerf sfstgm yeok afjesf`neo eneo cefn. Fof afnergoeneo h`gj pg`enseoeeooye sgiere cgrtejep. Ygjfokke tfaen tgrdhnus peae tejepeo tgrtgotu.   Ahnumgo pgokgmceokeo sfstgm seoket tgrhrkeofsfr, nergoe sgtfep desg jerus tgrsg`gsefneo agokeo `goknep sgcg`um mg`eoknej ng desg cgrfnutoye. Leaf sgtfep desg eteu tejepeo eneo mgmpuoyef ahnumgo tgrtgotu. Ngnureokeo  Afpgr`uneo melgmgo yeok cefn, nergoe prhsgs pgokgmceokeo tfaen aepet af`enuneo sgiere cgru`eok sgcg`um tgrleafoye suetu prhaun.  Ngse`ejeo ngif` eneo mgoleaf mese`ej cgser lfne tfaen afngtejuf sglen ewe` pgokgmceokeo.  Rg`eokkeo su`ft mgoyeteneo ngcutujeo sgiere gnsp`fsft sgjfokke tfaen aepet mgokenhmhaesf ngtfaenpestfeo peae seet ewe` pgokgmceokeo. 9. Mhag Mhag`` Rrh Rrhth thty typf pfok ok Rrhthtypfok eae`ej prhsgs ftgretfvg ae`em pgokgmceokeo sfstgm afmeoe rgqufrgmgot afucej ng ae`em sfstgm yeok cgngrle (whrnfok systgm) yeok sgiere tgrus mgogrus afpgrcefnf mg`e`uf ngrleseme eotere usgr aeo eoe`fs. Rrhthtypg luke cfse afceokuo mg`e`uf cgcgrepe thh` pgokgmceokeo pgokgmceokeo uotun uotun mgoygagrjeoeneo mgoygagrjeoeneo prhsgs. Qejepeo-tejepeo Mhag` Rrhthtypfok Qejepeo-tejepeo  Rgokumpu`eo Ngcutujeo   Mgmceokuo Mgokkuoeneo Rrhthtypfok Yfstgm  Mgoknhagneo Yfstgm  Mgokulf Yfstgm  Gve`uesf Yfstgm  Gve`uesf Rrhthptypfok Ng`gcfjeo  Rrhthtypg mg`fcetneo usgr ae`em eoe`fse aeo agsefo.  Ruoye ngmempueo mgoeoknep rgqufrgmgot sgiere nhonrgt.  Afkuoeneo uotun mgmpgr`ues YA@I. Ngnureokeo  Rrhsgs eoe`fsfs aeo pgreoieokeo tgr`e`u sfoknet.  Mgokgsempfokneo Mgokgsempfokne o e`tgroetfd pgmgiejeo mese`ej.  Cfseoye nureok d`gnsfc`g ae`em mgokejaepf pgrucejeo.  Rrhtftypg yeok afjesf`neo tfaen sg`emeoye muaej afrucej aeo igpet sg`gsef. 1. Mhag` Mhag` SEA (Sepf (Sepfa a Epp`fi Epp`fietf etfho ho Agvg`h Agvg`hpmg pmgot) ot) SEA eae`ej pgokkecuokeo cgcgrepe mgthag eteu tgnofn tgrstruntur. SEA mgokkuoeneo mgthag prhthtypfok aeo tgnofn tgrstruntur `efooye uotun mgogotuneo ngcutujeo usgr aeo pgreoieokeo sfstgm sfstgm fodhrmesfsg`efo ftu SEA mgogneoneo mgogneoneo sfn`us pgrngmceokeo pgrngmceokeo ae`em wentu yeok sfoknet (42 sempef 62 jerf) agokeo pgoagneteo nhostrunsf cgrcesfs nhmphogo. Qejepeo-tejepeo Qejepeo-tejepeo Mhag` SEA   Cussfogss Mhag``fok  Qgstfok eoa Qurohvgr  Ep`fietfho Kgogretfho  Rrhigss Mhag``fok  Aete Mhag``fok Ng`gcfjeo  SEA mgokfnutf tejepeo pgokgmceokeo sfstgm sgpgtf umumoye, tgtepf mgmpuoyef ngmempueo uotun mgokkuoeneo ngmce`f nhmphogo yeok eae (rgusec`g hclgit).  Ygtfep duoksf aepet afmhau`neo ae`em wentu tgrtgotu aeo aepet afcfiereneo h`gj tfm SEA yeok tgrpfsej aeo ngmuafeo affotgkresfneo sgjfokke wentuoye `gcfj gdgsfgo. Ngnureokeo  Qfaen ihihn uotun prhygn sne`e cgser  Rrhygn cfse keke` nergoe wentu yeok afsgpenetf tfaen afpgoujf.  Yfstgm yeok tfaen cfse afmhau`erfsesf tfaen ihihn uotun mhag` fof.  Sgsfnh tgnofs yeok tfokkf luke nureok ihihn uotun mhag` fof 7. Mha Mhag` YpYpfre` Mhag` spfre` peae ewe`oye afusu`neo h`gj Chgjm, eae`ej mhag` prhsgs pgreoknet `uoen gvh`usfhogr yeok mgreoknef sfdet ftgretfd aerf prhthtypg agokeo iere nhotrh` aeo espgn sfstgmetfs mhag` sgqugosfe` `fofgr. Mhag` ftgretfd afteoaef agokeo tfoknej `enu yeok mgmuoknfoneo pgokgmceok mgokgmceokneo mgokgmceokneo vgrsf pgreoknet `uoen yeok `gcfj `goknep sgiere cgrtejep. Qejepeo-tejepeo Mhag` Ypfre` Qejepeo-tejepeo Nhmuofnesf Rg`eokkeo Rgrgoieoeeo Eoe`fsfs Sgsfnh Rgrgneyeseeo Nhostrunsf aeo Rg`uoiureo Gve`uesf Rg`eokkeo Ng`gcfjeo Aepet afsgsuefneo eker pgreoknet `uoen cfse afpenef sg`eme jfaup pgreoknet `uoen nhmputgr.   @gcfj ihihn uotun Rgokgmceok pgokgmceokeo aeo pgmenef sfstgm aepet `gcfj aeo mgmejemf muaej pgreoknet `uoen sne`e cgser aeo cgrgensf tgrjeaep rgsfnh sgtfep tfoknet gvh`usf nergoe pgreoknet `uoen tgrus cgngrle sg`eme prhsgs  Mgokkuoeneo prhthtfpg sgcekef mgneofsmg pgokureokeo pgokureokeo rgsfnh aeo peae sgtfep ngeaeeo af ae`em gvh`usf prhaun.  Qgtep mgokfnutf `eoknej-`eoknej ae`em sfn`us ngjfaupeo n`esfn aeo mgmesunneooye ng ae`em ngreokne ngrle ftgretfvg.  Mgmcutujneo pgrtfmceokeo `eoksuok tgrjeap rgsfnh tgnofs sgjfokke mgokureokf rgsfnh sgcg`um mgoleaf pgrmes`ejeo yeok sgrfus. Ngnureokeo Yu`ft uotun mgoyenfoneo pg`eokkeo cejwe pgoagneteo gvh`usfhogr fof cfse  afnhotrh`. Mgmgr`uneo pgoensfreo rgsfnh yeok mesun ene` aeo eneo mgoleaf mese`ej yeok   sgrfus Cutuj lfne rgsfnh wentu `ememeyhr uotuntfaen aftgmuneo mgogrepneo aeo afetur. pereafkme fof mgoulu ngpestfeo yeok ecsh`utg. 4. Hclgit Hclgit Hrf Hrfgot gotga ga Qgi Qgijoh joh`hk `hky y Hclgit Hrfgotga Qgijoh`hky mgrupeneo iere pgokgmceokeo pgreoknet `uoen cgraeserneo ecstrensf hclgn-hclgn yeok eae af auofe oyete. Aeser pgmcueteo eae`ej Hclgn, yeok mgrupeneo nhmcfoesf eotere struntur aete aeo pgrf`enu ae`em setu gotftes. Df`hshdf Hclgit Hrfgotga seoket `uer cfese sgpeoleok sfn`us pgokgoceoke pgokgoceokeoo pgreoknet `uoen (pgrgoieoeeo, eoe`fsfs, pgreoieokeo aeo fmp`gmgotesf) sgjfokke aepet aftgrepneo peae pgreoieokeo sfstgm sgiere umum< mgoyeoknut pgreoknet `uoen, pgreoknet ngres aeo systgm sgiere ngsg`urujeo. Qejepeo-Qejepeo Hclgit Hrfgotga Qgijoh`hky Qejepeo-Qejepeo Reae Hclgit Hrfgotga Qgijoh`hky eae cgcgrepe mgthag yeok afkuoeneo ae`em pgokgmceokeo sfstgm. Ye`ej setu yeokyeok tgrngoe` eae`ej HMQ (Hclgit Mhag``fok Qgijofqug). Entfvftes-entfvftes yeok af`enuneo ae`em HMQ fof eae`ej<  Mhag` Hclgn  Mhag` Afoemfs  Mhag` Duoksfhoe` Ng`gcfjeo  Wofdhrmfty, HMQ mgmuoknfoneo mgreoieoko usgr fotgrdeig sgiere tgrfotgkresf cgrseme agokeo pgreoieokeo pgreoieokeo pgreoknet pgreoknet `uoen sgne`fkus agokeo agokeo pgreoieokeo pgreoieokeo cesfs aete.  Woagrsteoaecf`fty, Nhag-nhag yeok afjesf`neo aepet afhrkeofsesf ng ae`em ng`es-ng`s yeok cgrjucuokeo agokeo mese`ej sgsuokkujoye sgjfokke `gcfj muaej afpejemf.  Ytecf`fty, Nhag prhkrem yeok afjesf`neo rg`etfd stecf` sgcec mgoagnetf pgrmese`ejo sgsuokkujoye af`epeokeo.  Sgusecf`fty, Afmuoknfoneo pgokkuoeeo ngmce`f nhag-nhag sgjfokke eneo mgmpgrigpet wentu pgokgmceokeo pgreoknet `uoen. Ng`gmejeo Mgthag cgrhrfgotesf hclgn mgrupeneo nhosgp yeok rg`etfd ceru sgjfokke cg`um eae steoaer yeok aftgrfme sgmue pfjen ae`em mgogotuneo thh` epe yeok afkuoeneo sgcekef aeser eoe`fsf sgret pgreoieokeo pgreoknet `uoen. ;. Mgthag Goa-usgr Agvg`hpmgot Afsfof pgokgmceokeo af`enuneo `eoksuok h`gj goa-usgr. Ngtgr`fceteo `eoksuok goa-usgr seoket mgokuotuokneo, nergoe mgmejemf cgoer cekefmeoe sfstgm cgngrle. Ertfoye tejep eoe`fsfs sfstgm aepet af`enuneo `gcfj igpet. Ng`gmejeo eae`ej peae pgokgoae`feo mutu aeo `efo ngigoagruokeo mgoleaf su`ft. tumcujoye ‐prfvetg prfvetg”sfstgm ”sfstgm fodhrmesf. Fotgkresf agokeo sfstgm yeok Qejepeo-tejepeoGWA  Qejep fofsesf (foftfetfho (foftfetfho), ), Veftu tejep afmeoe hrkeofsesf(pgrusejeeo) mu`ef pgrteme ne`f mokgoe` tgnoh`hkf fodhrmesf.  Qejep ngtu`ereo (ihotekfho (ihotekfho))  Qejep ngoae`f (ihotrh` (ihotrh`)  Qejep meteok (meturg (meturg)) Ng`gcfjeo  Aepet mgokjfoaerf pgrmese`ejeo ngmeigteo af agpertgmgo sfstgm fodhrmesf.  Ngcutujeo pgmenef sfstgm aepet `gcfj tgrpgoujf nergoe aepet afngmceokneo sgoafrf h`gj pgmenef.  Mgoemcej eteu mgofoknetneo pertfsfdesf entfd pgmenef ae`em prhsgs pgokgmceoke pgokgmceokeo o sfstgmoye sgjfokke eneo eae ngpueseo sgoafrf aerf pgmenef sfstgm.  Aepet mgoemcej sgrte tgnoh``hkf nue`ftes yeok pgmejemeo afkuoeneo ae`em pgmenef sfstgm. tgrjeaep ep`fnesf yeok afngmceokneo  Ngnureokeo  Nergoe pgmenef sfstgm jerus mgokgmceokneo ep`fnesfoye sgoafrf, mene ae`em je` fof pgmenef sgne`fkus pgokgmceok pgokgmceok sfstgm aftuotut aftuotut uotun mgmf`fnf pgmejemeo pgmejemeo mgokgoef tgnoh`hkf fodhrmesf(ihmputgr fodhrmesf(ihmputgr `ftgreiy) sgrte pgmejemeo tgoteok pgokgmceokeo sfstgm fodhmesf.  Goa usgr ihmputfok mgmf`fnf rgsfnh aepet mgokkeoku cejneo mgrusen systgm fodhrmesf af `uer yeok afngmceokneo h`gj pgmenef sfstgm.  Goa usgr ihmputfok pestf eneo cgrjeaepeo agokeo mes`ej ngmempueo tgnofs pgmenef sgne`fkus pgokgmceok sfstgm. CEC FFF RGOWQWR 9.5 Ngsfmpu`eo E`eseo pgr`uoye Mgthag Rgokgmceokeo Yystgm eae`ej<  5) Mgolem Mgol emfofo ea eaeo eoye ye nh nhos osfs fstg tgos osff prh prhsg sgs. s. 3) Aepet Aep et aft aftgre grepne pneoo ae` ae`em em cgr cgrcek cekef ef lgo lgofs fs prh prhyg ygn. n. 9) Mgokur Mgo kureok eokff rgsfnh rgsfnh ngse ngse`ej `ejeo eo aeo aeo pgokem pgokemcf` cf`eo eo le`eo le`eo pfot pfotes. es. 1) Mgouotut Mgou otut eaeoye eaeoye ahnum ahnumgotes gotesff yeok yeok nhosfstg nhosfstgo o yeok yeok cgrmeo cgrmeodeet deet cekf cekf pgrsh pgrshoe` oe` ceru ceru ae`em tfmprhygn. 9.9 Aedter Rustene pgokgmceokeo sfstgm fodhrmesf | Ieteteo Ourhlf (ujemne.ei.fa) Mgthag-mgthag pgokgmceokeo