Merriman Teacher Notes 5 Summer 2023 PDF

# An Expanding Economy ## The Growth of Towns - 12th-13th C towns ↑ size + II - fortified stone ramparts, gates, towers - towns = residence of courts, hospitals, fraternal organizations (religious orders, guilds, etc.) - town halls & churches center of life - made up of burghers/bourgeoisie, clerg...

# An Expanding Economy ## The Growth of Towns - 12th-13th C towns ↑ size + II - fortified stone ramparts, gates, towers - towns = residence of courts, hospitals, fraternal organizations (religious orders, guilds, etc.) - town halls & churches center of life - made up of burghers/bourgeoisie, clergy, artisans, craftsmen, day laborers, beggars, poor ## Farming Techniques/Tools Improved in 1st MC - Mills - Metal Harvesting Tools ## The Emergence of Early Modern Europe - **Good**: Pop growth, better agriculture, balanced - **Bad**: Famine, disease, war ## Mediterranean Region - region developed trade & manufacturing (Florence, Venice, etc.) - also NW Europe (Belgian/Dutch areas) ## Prosperous Banking families (Fuggers, de Medicis) - provided capital for trade & manufacturers - began system for transferring credit ## Trade w/ Asia & Middle East - towns ↑ in size & wealth - merchants rich enough to buy noble titles ## The Rise of Guilds in the Late Middle Ages - 1350-1450 rulers in France, Spain, Eng, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Hungary consolidate & extended authority - eroded domains of feudal lords & church authorities ## The Iberian Peninsula - divided between Castile & Aragon - 1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon - "United" Spain ## 12th-13th C Travel Slightly Safer - Increase in trade ## Markets in Flanders and North France exchanged timber, olive oil, fruit, wine - Increase in trade - money economy - Bankers developed bills of exchange ## Double Entry Book Keeping - Profits/Credits and Losses/Debits ## Rise of Commercial Boom in Late MC - also basic manufacturing - extraction of iron, copper - silver 4x ## Textiles - Europe imported techniques for silk production from China - Manufacture of cloth in Tuscany, N France, Flanders, Netherlands - all very small scale - no more than 20 workers ## Antwerp Emerges as Center for International Trade - Guilds - organization of artisans in specific crafts - Regulated production, quality, price, distribution - Apprentices (kids) learned a craft - Journeymen (teens) began to help in prosperity and rivalry between Spain and Italy prevented greater unity - Venice & Genoa traded with Ottoman Empire/Middle East ## Masters (Adults) Ran Shops - 14th -15th C harder to become master; journeymen frustrated - To avoid regulations/prices of merchant-capitalists - Guilds began putting out system - or industry - Gave materials to peasants to spin, weave, sewin - Paid by piece completed - 10% of total pop (no more than 15%) - in 1500 only 6% Europeans lived in towns 10,000 ppl - only Constantinople, Naples, Milan, Paris, Venice - 100,000 ppl - about 1100 Venice, Florence, Genoa, Milan Pisa became independent City-states - Independent - regulated production, quality, price, distribution - apprentices (kids) learned a craft; journeymen (teens) began to help in prosperity, and rivalry between Spain and Italy prevented greater unity - Venice & Genoa traded with Ottoman Empire/Middle East ## The Growth of Towns - 12th-13th C towns ↑ size + II - fortified stone ramparts, gates, towers - towns = residence of courts, hospitals, fraternal organizations (religious orders, guilds, etc.) - town halls & churches center of life - made up of burghers/bourgeoisie, clergy, artisans, craftsmen, day laborers, beggars, poor ## Masters (Adults) Ran Shops - 14th-15th C harder to become master; journeymen frustrated - To avoid regulations/prices of merchant-capitalists - Guilds began putting out system - or industry - Gave materials to peasants to spin, weave, sewin - Paid by piece completed - 10% of total pop (no more than 15%) - in 1500 only 6% Europeans lived in towns 10,000 ppl - only Constantinople, Naples, Milan, Paris, Venice - 100,000 ppl - about 1100 Venice, Florence, Genoa, Milan Pisa became independent City-states - Independent - regulated production, quality, price, distribution - apprentices (kids) learned a craft; journeymen (teens) began to help in prosperity, and rivalry between Spain and Italy prevented greater unity - Venice & Genoa traded with Ottoman Empire/Middle East ## Most Major Towns Founded 1300, But Growth Later Also - Poland add 200 new towns - 1450-1500 Countries (Belgium, Netherlands) densest network of towns - N. Italy & Low Countries (Belgium, Netherlands) densest network of towns - 10% of total pop (no more than 15%) ## The Rise of Guilds - 1350-1450 rulers in France, Spain, Eng, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Hungary consolidate & extended authority - eroded domains of feudal lords & church authorities ## Trade w/ Asia & Middle East - towns ↑ in size & wealth - merchants rich enough to buy noble titles ## The Rise of Guilds In The Late Middle Ages - 1350-1450 rulers in France, Spain, Eng, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Hungary, consolidated & extended authority - Eroded domains of feudal lords & church authorities