Media and Information Literacy Reviewer Q2 PDF

RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MODULE 1 and 2 Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media and Information (Part 1 and 2) A. Economic, Educational, Social, and - Usually managed...

RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY MODULE 1 and 2 Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media and Information (Part 1 and 2) A. Economic, Educational, Social, and - Usually managed by one person only, but Political provide the possibility of interaction with B. Threats, Risks, Abuse, and Misuse others through the addition of comments Content Communities Classification of Social Media into three (3) - The sharing of media content between dimensions according to Kaplan and Haenlein users - Exist for a wide range of different media 1. Social presence - the type of sensorial types, including text, photos, videos, and interaction PowerPoint presentation 2. Media richness - the type of sensorial Social Networking Sites interaction - Applications that enable users to connect 3. Self-presentation/self-disclosure - the (personal info, open profiles, sending instant degree of freedom and control in creating emails and messages) one’s personal cyber-identity - Can include any type of information, including photos, videos, audio files, and blogs Virtual Game Worlds - Probably the ultimate manifestation of social media - Platforms that replicate a three-dimensional environment - Require their users to behave according to The Challenges/Opportunities of Social strict rules in the context of a massively multiplayer online roleplaying game Media - Allow inhabitants to choose their behavior more freely and essentially live a virtual life Collaborative Projects similar to their real life - Wikis – Web sites which allow users to add, remove, and change text-based content Challenges and risks seen when people rely - Social bookmarking applications – enable only in the virtual world when looking for the group-based collection and rating of information. Internet links or media content Blogs - Cybercrime is one of the challenges people - Special types of Websites that usually face nowadays. It is the use of a computer display date-stamped entries in reverse as an instrument to further illegal ends. chronological order By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 1 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Other challenges and risks (Adapted from 6. Inappropriate advertisement and Youth Protection Roundtable Tool Kit – Stiftung marketing to children Digitale Chancen 2009) - Most children and young people own mobile phones and they are not aware of the 1. Age-appropriate content danger when they fill out private information - Children must be under the supervision of when accessing different websites. their parents, adults, guardians when they - Receiving inappropriate advertisements and access information using their gadget/s. marketing such as cosmetic surgery, etc. - Children should not access websites, pages containing adult pornography. 7. Privacy - Online users should be aware that 2. Illegal content (i.e. racism and child information stored in a server or platform pornography) remain in existence indefinitely. - Any contents deemed as illegal by national laws should not be accessed by children 8. Copyright Infringement and young people. - Copyright infringement refers to copying of - Adults should keep in mind that children and one's work without the permission of the young adults are targets of illegal content owner. such as taking and publishing pictures or - Proper citation of the sources should be videos of child abuse. exercised to avoid this kind of fraud. 3. Lack of verification of content - Not everything people read online is true. - A critical eye should be applied by online users at all times and they should always bear in mind that user-generated contents can be inaccurate and pose dangers. 4. Incitement of harm - There are websites promoting harms such as bullying, anorexia, suicide, etc. - The freedom of online users to publish and post almost anything may promote harm to children and young people. 5. Infringement of human rights / defamation - Due to lack of face-to-face interaction, people online act differently. - These actions are harmful to children and young people which may arise to misleading information. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 2 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 3 and 4 Current and Future Trends of Ubiquitous Learning Media and Information (Part 1 and 2) A. Massive Open Online Content (MOOC) B. Ubiquitous Learning C. Wearable technology (i.e. Google glass, Apple watch, etc.) D. 3D Environment (i.e. 3D printer, 3D films, holograms, etc.) Massive Open Online Content (MOOC) - Ubiquitous learning is defined as learning at any time, at any place using a computer or desktop and Internet. - In this era, the combination of social media and mobile technologies make ubiquitous learning possible. - MOOCs offer free online courses to a massive number of people worldwide. The main characteristics of ubiquitous learning - The courses it offers are designed after are (Chen et al., 2002; Curtis et al., 2002) college and university courses. - It is designed for diverse learners—from Permanency: Learning materials are always regular students down to professionals. available unless purposely deleted. Accessibility: Access from everywhere as Reasons why do people take MOOC classes as personally required presented (by e-Learning Infographics.com) Immediacy: Wherever a student is, he/she can immediately access learning materials. Because they are free of charge by nature Interactivity: Online collaboration with It’s just like traditional learning in terms of teachers and/or peers (chat/blogs/forums) edu content quality Situated instructional Activities: Learning in MOOC brings together millions of people context (on-site). from different cultures Adaptability: Getting the right information at People are curious if they can really learn the right place for the right student. stuff when there are no strings attached It’s flexible, everyone is free to choose a comfortable time and pace (50 percent of MOOC learners are full-time employees and they can still handle it!) By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 3 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Wearable Technology 3D Environment - 3D environment is also known as interactive 3D or real-time 3D. - This technology provides an environment wherein the user can explore and interact with the digital world the same way he or she explores and interacts in the digital world. - Wearable technologies also known as - 3D environment is widely used in wearables connect people to their devices. entertainment, retail, healthcare, - This type of technology produces a manufacturing, design, and even in human-computer interaction which education. facilitates mobility and connectivity for users - ‘Holodeck‘ is the heart of the ClassVR (Burmaoglu, et al., 2018). interface. It showcases a futuristic room. - Users can conveniently access information and communicate with other people while they are moving from one place to another. - The earliest reported wearable technology was an abacus ring embedded with a silver abacus, a relic from the Qing Dynasty in China (1644-1912). - In today’s generation, wearable technologies consist of Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2, Apple Watch, etc. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 4 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 5, 6 and 7 - People should acquire such literacies to Media and Information Literate Individual become media and information literate and (Part 1, 2 and 3) to survive in a world full of alternative or misleading facts and fake news. A. Improved Quality of Life - “Being literate in a media age requires B. Greater Political Participation critical thinking skills that empower us as we C. Better Economic Opportunities make decisions.” - The National Association D. Improved Learning Environment for Media Literacy Education. E. More Cohesive Social Units Implication of Media and Information UNESCO Improved Quality of Life - An individual should have broader skills - People who are media, information and such as functional literacy and a foundation technology literate are believed to for lifelong learning. experience an improved quality of life. - “Beyond its conventional concept as a set of - Those who are computer literate, have the reading, writing and counting skills, literacy skills to use different kinds of technology, is now understood as a means of have the knowledge to identify the veracity identification, understanding, interpretation, of information given to them and are able to creation, and communication in an create an output based on 21st century increasingly digital, text-mediated, skills are more likely to experience better information-rich and fast-changing world.” - opportunities. the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Greater Political Participation - As a citizen living in a democratic country, one is expected to participate responsibly in the affairs of the state. - Media entails Filipinos to enjoy the freedom to speak out with vigilance or awareness, take part in the political and electoral process and participate fully in all aspects of the government affairs. - Filipinos who consume information responsibly through various media platforms are more politically and civically engaged which may result in better laws and governance. - Some of the most common forms of political participation: a. signing a petition b. blogging about a political issue c. volunteering for a campaign d. donating money to a cause. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 5 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Better Economic Opportunities - An economy composed of media and information literate citizens is more likely to flourish compared to an economy infested by uninformed citizens when it comes to information and technology. - Innovation is dependent on skilled, knowledgeable and productive citizenry. Improved Learning Environment - Media literacy education promotes learning beyond the books, the use of senses and application of critical thinking skills. - The aim of a media and information literate society is to create and develop lifelong skills to achieve a good quality of life. More Cohesive Social Units - Active and productive citizens who are media and information literate make up a more cohesive social unit. - A thriving democracy is possible if the government supports ICT integration and responsible creation and dissemination of information. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 6 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 8 People Media People Media refers to persons that are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and information. (Source: MIL Curriculum Guide by DepEd) The sources of information and responsible for disseminating that information. The utilization of credible people in their respective fields to talk about their expertise and help the students learn from people with firsthand experiences on a field or topic. People media, considered as the facilitator of all media and considering its advantages 1. Opinion Media and disadvantages, is the most powerful of - They are highly exposed to and actively all media. using media. - The source of viable interpretation of People as Media vs. People in Media messages for lower-end media users and opinions are accepted by a group. 2. Citizen Journalism - People without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and the internet to create, What is the commonality? augment or fact-check media on their own Both are people media which means they or in collaboration with others. are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and information. 3. Social Journalism Both are people who provide information. - Journalists are using social media to make What are the differences? their content available to more people. People in Media are media practitioners - Social media is speedy and empowering, which means they are media related yet journalists are still needed to help make professionals while people as media are not sense of it all. media practitioners but rather media users. 4. Crowdsourcing - It is the practice of obtaining needed People as Media services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people - Examples are ABS CBN's "Bayan mo, and especially from the online community. Ipatrol mo" and the GMA’s “Sumbungan ng - The word is a combination of the words Bayan”. 'crowd' and 'outsourcing'. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 7 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ - The idea is to take work and outsource it to 4. Multimedia Journalist a crowd of workers. - This is the newest field of journalism and - One of the most successful crowd-powered the fastest-growing. start-ups is Waze. - Multimedia journalism can encompass all the fields listed above because a web page can have a written story, still photos, video, and audio. It may be via blog, a website, or social media. - Bloggers, Online newspaper writers, Facebook Like Page Administrators, Twitter Users and YouTube Uploaders. People in Media - They are actually “media practitioners.” - They provide facts through their expertise or first-hand experience of events. TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY MEDIUM 1. Print Journalists - These are the people behind print media. - They are the ones who utilize knowledge, facts and other information through text, specifically like books, newspapers and magazines. - Publishers, Authors, Editors, Journalists, Columnists, Short Story Writers, Poets and Visual artists. 2. Photojournalists - They are more interested in capturing images that tell a story than ones that just look nice. 3. Broadcast Journalists - Broadcast journalism encompasses both television and radio news. - These are people we often see on our TV screens disseminating information such as news, current events, advertisements, etc. - News anchors, Reporters, Hosts, Performers and Video Jocks. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 8 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 9 and 10 Text Information and Media (Part 1 and 2) What is a Typeface? - A text is a simple and flexible format of - Typeface is also called as font, front style or presenting information or conveying ideas type. whether handwritten, printed or displayed - It refers to the digital format representation on-screen. or style of a document. - A text is any “human-readable sequence of - A typeface usually consists of alphabets, characters’’ that can form intelligible words. numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and (Rouse, 2015) other special characters. Formal and Informal Text Types of Typefaces Formal text – based materials are created and distributed by established institutions 1. Serif (such as publishing companies, news - connotes formality and readability in large agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous amount of texts process of editing or evaluation and are - usually used for the body text of books, usually governed by censorship of the state. newspapers, magazines and research Informal text – based materials, on the publication other hand, come from personal opinions or (Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, views on different issues, processes, etc. Baskerville) 2. Sans Serif Types of Text and Common File Formats - brings a clean or minimalist look to the text - used for clear and direct meaning of text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food packages. (Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri) 3. Slab Serif - carries a solid or heavy look to text - can be used for large advertising signs on billboards. (Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak) 4. Script - draws much attention to itself because of its brush-like strokes - must be used sparingly and not to be used in large body text. - usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events. (Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler) By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 9 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ 5. Decorative The Common File Formats - caters to a wide variety of emotions such as celebration, fear, horror, etc. or themes such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc. (Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT) Design Principles and Elements 1. Emphasis - refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content. These are the questions you need to ask, as 2. Appropriateness a consumer, about the quality of text media and - refers to how fitting or suitable the text is information: used for a specific audience, purpose or Who sends the post, or which institution? event. What language does the author use? What are the strategies used to attract and 3. Proximity retain attention? - refers to how near or how far are the text Which message is missing, slurred or elements from each other. added? What are your views? Are they in 4. Alignment equilibrium? - refers to how the text is positioned in the How do you view the message in various page. This can be left, right, center or ways? justified. 5. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page. 6. Repetition - concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design - encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page. 7. Contrast - creates visual interest in text elements. - it is achieved when two elements are different from each other. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 10 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 11 and 12 Visual Information and Media (Part 1 and 2) The Elements of Design (the tools to make art) Visual Media and Information are materials, programs, applications and the Line - horizontal, vertical, like that teachers and students use to diagonal, straight, curved, formulate new information to aid learning dotted, broken, thin, thick through the use, analysis, evaluation, and production of visual images. Shape - 2D (two-dimensional) Types of Visual Media - photography, /flat, geometric (square, oval, video, screenshots, infographics, data circle, triangle), organic (all visualization (charts and graphs), comic other shapes) strips/cartoons, memes, visual note taking, etc. Form - 3D (three-dimensional), Purpose of visual Information – the geometric (cube, sphere, cone), primary purpose of visual information is organic (all other forms\ - to gain attention including people, animals, - create meaning, and tables, chairs, etc.) - facilitate retention Color - wavelengths of light, Common Visual Media Formats hue (name), value (lightness/ darkness), intensity (saturation or amount of pigment, and temperature (cool or warm), refers to tint, tone and shade Texture - feel, appearance, thickness, stickiness of a surface (smooth, rough, silky, furry) Space - area around, between, or within images or parts of an image, relates to perspective, positive and negative space Value - darkness or lightness of a color (white added to a color makes it a tint, black added to a color makes it a shade) By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 11 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Pattern - A regular arrangement There are five kinds of rhythm: random, of alternated or repeated repular, alternating, progressive, and Elements (shapes, lines, colors) flowing. or motifs. Formally and Informally Produced Visual Media Contrast - The juxtaposition of different elements of design for Visual media created by formal (example: rough and smooth organizations including colleges, textures, dark and light values) government, and existing media / publishing in order to highlight their firms are considered to be formally created. differences and/or create visual Other visual media are regarded as being interest, or a focal point generated informally. Emphasis - Special attention/ Visual Message Design importance given to one part of a work of art (for example, a dark Refers to design principles and elements in shape in a light composition. the production of visual media and Emphasis can be acheived information that take into consideration the through placement, contrast, visual perception of the audience in regards colour, size, repetition. with their prior knowledge, culture, etc. Relates to focal point. A picture indeed speaks a thousand words, that’s how powerful the visual information is. Balance - A feeling of balance results when the elements of Selection Criteria design are arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically Refers to the set of standards for the to create the impression of analysis, design, development, equality in weight or importance. implementation and evaluation of media and information for effective and efficient Proportion/Scale - The integration to the learning process. relationship between objects Pettersson (2016) enumerated functional with respect to size, number, design principles: and so on, including the 1. Defining the problem relation between parts of 2. Providing structure a whole. 3. Providing clarity 4. Providing simplicity Harmony - The arrangement 5. Providing emphasis of elements to give the viewer 6. Providing unity the feeling that all the parts of the piece form a coherent Analysis in Visual Information and Media whole. You may consider these questions in Rhythm/Movement - The use analysing visual information and media: of recurring elements to direct 1. What is the purpose? the movement of the eye 2. What is the message? through the artwork. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 12 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ 3. Is it informational? MODULE 13 4. Does it contain only essential information? Audio Information and Media 5. Who is the target audience? 6. How did it influence the target Audio - sound, especially when recorded, audience? transmitted, or reproduced. 7. What are the contents? Audio Media - media communication that 8. What design elements are present? uses audio or recordings to deliver and 9. What design principles are present? transfer information through the means of 10. What media or form? sound. 11. How was it distributed or presented? Sources and Types Radio Broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience. Audio Book - an audiocassette or CD recording of a reading of a book Music - vocal or instrumental sounds combined in a way as to create beauty of form, harmony, and emotional expression. Sound Recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment. Sound Clips / Effects - any sound artificially reproduced to create an effect in an audio presentation (e.g. sound of a storm, knocking of door, or wind). Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or a computer. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 13 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Formats Principles of Sound Design MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as the techniques for combining the different well as standard of digital audio elements or objects: compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players. Mixing - the combination, balance and control of M4A / AAC (MPEG4 Audio / Advanced multiple sound elements. Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lousy digital Pace audio compression. Designed to be the - time control; editing; order of events: linear, successor of the MP3 format, AAC non-linear, or multi-linear. generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rate. Transitions - how you get from one segment or element WAV to another. - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for - Types of transitions: storing an audio bit stream on PCs. It has a. Segue - one element stops, the next become a standard file format for game begins ("cut" in film). sounds, among others. b. Cross-fade - one element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap WMA (Windows Media Audio) on the way. - is an audio data compression technology c. V-Fade - First element fades to developed by Microsoft and used with inaudible before the second element Windows Media Player. begins. d. Fade to Black - V-Fade with some Elements of Sound Design silence between elements. the objects or things that we must work with: e. Waterfall - As first element fades out, the second element begins at full Dialogue volume. Better for voice transitions, - speech, conversation, voice-over. than for effects. f. Stereo Imaging - Using left and right Sound Effects channel for depth. - any sound other than music or dialogue. Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. Silence - absence of audio or sound. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 14 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 14 E. It must be able to tell a story or present information in a logical manner. F. The media or video quality should be good, Motion Information and Media and the message should be clear to avoid misinterpretations. Motion Information and Media is a form of G. It may entertain, educate, and may tackle media that makes use of video or animation histories, issues, organizations, and social technology. movements. Its purpose is to communicate information by watching moving text or graphics. Digital Formats It may be private or public and may use for education, entertainment, advertising, etc. Animations like GIFs (Graphic Interchange Format) Sources, Formally and Informally Production of Flash and Shockwave; Motion Media Dynamic HMTL; and Video formats/codecs like MP4, DivX, MPG, Formally Generated Motion Media 3GP, AVI, MKV, etc. - These are created by media companies or professionals who follow industry standards in creating, editing and producing motion Design Principles and Elements media. Direction - indicates a movement from one direction to Informally Generated Motion Media another. - These are mostly produced for personal use by individuals that can be for social media Speed use. - the rate at which the moving images are able to move. Don’t be too fast. A fast Different Forms of Motion Media movement may connote intensified action and slow movement may signify sadness. Animations Television motion pictures Timing Interactive videos - the choice, judgment, or control of when Films something should be done. Timing is one of Short films the secrets. Documentary films Transition Selection Criteria and Characteristics - used to switch between scenes. It should be A. Know your purpose or intention and your smooth. target audience. B. Good motion media captures and keep the Sound audience’s attention. - vibrations that travel through the air or C. It stimulates the audience's sight and another medium and can be heard. Check hearing. the audio if it is good. D. It must be interesting enough to watch even multiple times as to television commercials. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 15 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Color MODULE 15 - is the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as Manipulative Information and Media a result of the way the object reflects or emits light. Use colors to add life and Manipulative Information and Media meaning. refers to materials, programs, softwares and the like that teachers and students use to Blurring generate new knowledge to aid learning - to make some part become unclear or less through the use, analysis, evaluation and distinct. production of interactive and hands-on media. Advantages and Value Selection Criteria, Formally and Informally It captures motions that can be reviewed Production Captures attention especially of students Great for advertisements Formally Produced Manipulative Media Great when use to advocacies - It involves specialists concentrating on Great source of entertainment designing and creating the appropriate It can show images in detail resources for text, audio, video, graphics, It can show processes or steps for easy and and animation. fast understanding It enables different emotions Informally Produced Manipulative Media Teaches good values, subjects, histories, - These are results of the new technologies etc. available today and are produced by non-specialists. Limitations - Contents should be appropriate and accurate, free of bias and stereotyping. Other information may be presented best using still image like infographics Characteristics Tampered/fake video Distraction Activism Can be costly - the action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change. Advertising - the activity of producing advertisements for commercial products or services. Hoaxing - a humorous or malicious deception. Propagandizing - information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 16 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Sources, Format and Types Traditional Manipulative Media are abacus, jigsaw puzzles, Lego, Rubik’s cube. Virtual and digital manipulative media are video games, simulators, interactive maps, online shopping applications, online diagnostic exam, social media, mobile applications, etc. Advantages, Limitations and Value Manipulative media teaches the students some values and skills to make them feel more knowledgeable and competent. Through manipulative media, students can easily understand and reflect on issues or topics. The students are able to learn through using, analyzing, evaluating, and producing manipulative media and information. However, using manipulative media can be time consuming and costly. Design Principles and Elements Interactivity is the prime attribute of manipulative media because the main goal is to involve a user in the application. (For example, mobile learning apps are extremely helpful in certain situations especially to students.) By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 17 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ MODULE 16, 17 and 18 Multimedia information - a combination of different media formats such as text, graphics, drawings, audio, Multimedia Information and Media (Part 1, 2 photos, and videos with the help of and 3) computers. (Examples: documentaries, library catalog, Multimedia means that computer reports) information can be represented through video, audio and animation in addition to Manipulative information traditional media through text, drawings, - This refers to books, software and the like and graphics. that people use programs to build new A combination of these media sources is information to assist in the use of considered multimedia. alphanumeric characters and symbols This media can easily be changed to fit study, evaluation, and development. different audiences. (Examples: propaganda and a fake news commercial on social media local news) Sources and Types Elements and Formats Text information - This can either be in written or printed form, Texts are characters that are used to create and tends to convey or share ideas and words, sentences, and paragraphs. information. It is used in headlines, subtitles, and (Examples: school library, classroom slogans. collection, online resources, public/state Its purpose is to express specific library) information or reinforce information in other media. Visual information It involves the use of text types, sizes, - Illustrations found in magazines, books, colors, and background colors. photos, films, videos, paintings, illustrations, cartoons, prints, designs, and 3D art such as sculptures and architectures. Audio information - Supports the blinds/visually impaired for story lines that visual media viewers are watching. (Examples: podcast commentary, radio broadcasting) Motion information - This is the use of moving texts, images, or Graphics are still/static pictures typically graphics to provide information on display. accompany text to illustrate the point or (Examples: film, interactive video, drama, ideas the text makes. animation, and short films) Photos in a multimedia application go beyond its use as decoration. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 18 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ In a multimedia context, graphics may Audio is a multimedia application that uses consist of slide shows or galleries that a dialogue, recorded narration, music and website or social media visitor can view. sound effects. Animation can illustrate how things work or present information in entertaining ways. Animation can also include interactive effects allowing visitors to engage with the animation action using their mouse and keyboard. Video on websites, especially on social Animation is a dynamic and media-rich media platforms, already has a great content that stays within one container on a presence and will only continue to gain page; a very powerful form of popularity as more and more visitors communication. demand it. Short videos can be a smart marketing File Formats used in Animation: advantage and an excellent way to A..dir and.dcr - Director files. differentiate yourself from your competitors. B..fli and.flc - AnimatorPro files. C..max - 3D Studio Max files. D..pics - SuperCard and Director files. E..fla and.swf - Flash files. F. GIF89a file format: – It is a version of the GIF image format. G. GIF89a allows multiple images to be put into a single file and then be displayed as an animation in the Web browser. H. Applications like BoxTop Software's GIFmation or ULead's GIF Animator are needed to create GIF89a animation. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 19 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Design Principles 10. Personalization - People learn better from multimedia lessons 1. Coherence when words are conversational rather than - People learn better when they remove, formal. rather than include extraneous words, images, and sounds. 11. Voice - People learn more when the narration is 2. Signaling delivered in a familiar human voice in - People learn better by incorporating tips that interactive classes, rather than in a machine illustrate the necessary material's voice. organization. 12. Image 3. Redundancy - People do not necessarily learn better from - People learn from visuals and description a multimedia lesson when the speaker’s more than from images, narration, and text image is added to the screen. on the screen. Selection Criteria 4. Spatial Contiguity - On the page or screen, people learn better Objectives are well-defined when the related words and pictures are Content is clear shown near and not far from one another. Use of technology Suitable for time and place 5. Temporary Contiguity Suitable for learner’s ability - People learn better at presenting Interactive corresponding words and pictures Reusable simultaneously rather than successively. Cost-effective 6. Segmenting Advantages and Value - In learner-controlled segments, people learn more from a multimedia lesson, rather than Multimedia increases the effect of word as a continuous unit. presentations. Improves performance consistency and 7. Pre-training keeps viewer interest. - People learn more from a multimedia lesson It can be used for educational purposes as when students know terms and behaviors of well as for entertainment. system components. Tool for teaching Trendy 8. Modality Creativity - Some people learn better when words are It can be interactive. presented as narration rather than as Can be used in simulation and virtual reality. on-screen text. It allows students to communicate and reflect their prior information and provides 9. Multimedia them with other opportunities for learning. - People learn better from words and images Multi-sensorial (hearing, seeing, etc.) more than from words alone. By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 20 RCC & SSLG: Your Reviewing Buddy _________________________________________________________________ Disadvantages Complex to create Time consuming Multimedia use can be costly It can be distracting. Sometimes the attention of students is diverted to the pictures, sounds or related material displayed in multimedia. Sometimes, excessive information about certain topics leads to cognitive overload. Consume a lot of digital storage. Uses of Multimedia Entertainment and Fine Arts (movies and animation, interactive multimedia, others) Education such as computer-based training courses, edutainment (blend of education and entertainment, others) Engineering, Mathematical and Scientific Research (modeling, simulation, others) Industry (presentation for shareholders, superiors and coworkers, employee training, advertising and marketing, others) Medicine (virtual surgery, simulation, others) Multimedia in Public Places (stand-alone terminals and kiosks in hotels, railway stations, shopping malls, museums, and grocery stores; digital bulletin boards; others) By Danette Gansatao - RCC Grade 12 Representative 21