Transcultural Nursing Concept and Theory PDF

Transcultural Nursing Concept and Theory Ns. Adventina Delima Hutapea, M.Kep Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan Learning Objective 1. The history of transcultural nursing...

Transcultural Nursing Concept and Theory Ns. Adventina Delima Hutapea, M.Kep Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa ijin tertulis dari Universitas Pelita Harapan Learning Objective 1. The history of transcultural nursing 2. Transcultural nursing and globalization in health care 3. Transcultural healthcare 4. Culture Competence 5. Cultural nursing care assessment 6. Culture assessment instrument Why is culture important to learn? 1. Because we live, stay, and coexist with culture every day. 2. Because culture is one of the essential things in social life, especially in the context of Indonesian society. 3. Because culture plays an important role in the perceptions of individuals/societies regarding views on the concept of health and illness. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Madeleine M. Leininger  The History of Transcultural Nursing {1950} Leininger began by looking at the cultural factors that influence a child's behavior in care. H I S T {End of 1970} Leininger began her education in O anthropology, studying cultural diversity, and her writings focused heavily on caring and transcultural nursing. R Y {1989} The Journal of Transcultural Nursing was first published. Leininger studied 14 rural tribes and consulted on her own theory: Culture care around the globe.  DEFINITIONS AND KEY CONCEPTS OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING (Leininger & McFarland, 2002a; Leininger & McFarland, 2002b).  Transcultural nursing is a subfield of nursing practice that focuses on cultural values, beliefs, and culture-based health services.  Cultural care is nursing care that uses cultural competence to help patients meet their needs per their culture.  Cultural Competence is the provision of nursing care based on culture and health-related knowledge with a creative and meaningful approach that can be adapted to the general way of life and following individuals' and groups' health and welfare needs.  KEY COMPONENTS IN THE TRANSCULTURAL NURSING THEORY MODEL (Leininger & McFarland, 2006, McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015, Alligood, 20F')  Culture: It is a collection of values, beliefs, norms, and symbols from individuals, communities, and certain groups that direct a person to think, make decisions, and form actions/decisions.  Cultural Care: A form of care by the inherited values (culture), beliefs, and ways of life of individuals/groups that help facilitate and enable individuals or groups to maintain their well-being, improve health conditions, and manage illness, disability, or death.  Diversity: Diversity and differences in cultural perceptions, knowledge, and customs of health and nursing care.  Universality: Similarities in terms of cultural perceptions, and practical knowledge related to the concept of health and nursing care.  Worldview: The way a person views his or her life or the world as a whole.  Ethnohistory: Facts, events, occurrences, and experiences of individuals/groups, which can explain past and present ways of life-related to the influence of culture in care. (Leininger& McFarland,2006,McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2015, Alligood, 20F')  Care and Caring: Care: refers to the manifestation of a form of self-expression related to the desire to help, support, and facilitate aimed at others. caring: adalah The act, attitude, or manner of providing guidance, support, and assistance to others in improving health and well-being.  Professional Care: Professionals who know practical skills obtained in Nursing Education. Transcultural Healthcare Transcultural nursing: A humanistic science and practice that focuses on individual or group behavior and the process of maintaining/improving physically and psychoculturally healthy or sick behaviors according to cultural background (Leininger, 1984). Transcultural nursing is based on caring for people by integrating their values, beliefs, and ways of life.  Challenge: developing new paradigms of care to address the social determinants and inequalities of public health: disadvantaged groups exposed to chronic stress such as socioeconomic deprivation, discrimination, and environmental degradation. To provide appropriate and quality nursing care to families, nurses must understand the family's culture.  Barriers: Lack of faculty and advanced practice nurses formally trained in transcultural nursing and in teaching transcultural nursing. Limited research evaluating the effectiveness of teaching interventions on the development of cultural competence Purposes: Assist individuals/families with different cultures to understand their needs for nursing and health care. Assist nurses in making decisions during the provision of nursing care to individuals/families through assessment of the client's lifestyle, health beliefs, and health practices. Nursing care that is culturally relevant and sensitive to the client's needs will reduce the likelihood of stress and conflict due to cultural misunderstandings. Cultural Competence Culturally competent transcultural nurses are equipped with the values, knowledge, and skills to work with diverse populations Health care professionals must be competent to care for patients, families, and groups from different cultural backgrounds CULTURAL COMPETENCE Nurses are responsible for: Be sensitive and respectful of different beliefs and values Questioning, learning, and integrating the beliefs and values of others in a professional manner Changing negative beliefs and behaviors that are harmful to self and others  Transcultural nursing care assessment The assessment is Faktor Agama dan Faktor nilai-nilai designed Faktor teknologi Falsafah Hidup Faktor sosial dan budaya dan gaya (technological factors) keterikatan kekeluargaan based on (religious and (kinship & social factors) hidup 7 components in Philosophical factors) (cultural values & lifeways) “Leininger's Sunrise model” in the theory of Leininger's transcultural nursing theory Faktor ekonomi Faktor pendidikan Faktor kebijakan dan peraturan (economical factors) (educational factors) Rumah Sakit (political and Legal factors) Cultural Assessment Instrument The 4 C’s Culture Instrument tools  Call “What do you call your problem?”  Caused “What do you think caused your problem?”  Cope “How do you cope with your condition?”  Concerns “What are your concerns about the condition/treatment?” HOSPITAL PATIENT CULTURAL ASSESSMENT FORM Spiritual assessment instrument The challenges of transcultural Stigma/negative perceptions Stereotyping/discrimination nursing in the about culture against culture cultural context of Indonesia Language barriers Lack of interest of nurses in (Kendala Bahasa) learning about culture  Case study Case A Mrs. A (52 years old) was a patient admitted to the medical ward with a medical diagnosis of Hepatic Cirrhosis and anemia. The patient's HB was 4.3 mg/dl ( ) and the doctor instructed to transfuse 4 bags of PRC blood. Nurse C was in charge of giving the blood transfusion. When Nurse C was about to administer the blood transfusion therapy, Mrs. A refused by saying that she could not accept blood from anyone other than Jesus, because according to her beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness Christian (Saksi Jehova), only the blood of Christ provides healing. Instructions: Please discuss or give your opinion, what is your view and how should the nurse respond to this case? Case B Mr. Mr. B (45 years old) was a patient admitted to the BPJS class 2 treatment room with a medical diagnosis of advanced lung cancer. Mr. Mr. B is a devout Muslim. Every day Mr. B never neglects the 5 daily prayers. Mr.B's wife. Mr. B said that actually, Mr. B has not accepted the doctor's verdict regarding his current illness. Mr. B has not yet accepted the doctor's verdict regarding his current illness, Mr. B still hopes for a miracle cure from God. Mr. B still hopes for a miracle of healing from God so that Mr. B still does not believe that he will get lung disease. Mr. B still does not believe that he will get deadly lung cancer. Mr. B regrets that he has smoked since he was a child. Mr. B regrets having smoked since childhood and not maintaining a good health pattern. Mr. B believes that getting closer to the almighty will alleviate the condition of his current illness. Mr. B is also grateful that his family is very supportive of the current treatment process. Instructions: Please discuss or give your opinion on the condition and conduct a Cultural and Spiritual assessment. Reference Pacquiao, D.F. 2019. Transcultural Nursing and Population Health. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Vol. 30(5) 530. Aligood, M.R. 2017. Pakar Teori Keperawatan. Elsevier. Andrews, M.M. & Boyle, J.S. 2009. Transcultural Concepts In Nursing Care. 5th ed. Lippincott William & Wilkins Sagar, P.L. (2012). Transcultural Nursing Theory And Models. Springer Publishing Company: New York