Introduction to Maternal and Child Health Nursing PDF

SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya SCHOOL OF HEATH AND NATURAL SCIENCES ______________________________________________________________________________ NURSING DEPARTMENT _______...

SAINT MARY’S UNIVERSITY Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya SCHOOL OF HEATH AND NATURAL SCIENCES ______________________________________________________________________________ NURSING DEPARTMENT ______________________________________________________________________________ COURSE NO: MCN 107 SUBJECT: Care of Mother, Child and adolescent (Well Clients) MODULE 1 Introduction to Maternal and Child Health I. Introduction ❖ This chapter discusses goals, philosophies standards of care and new roles of nurses in maternal and child health and how these things mold and affect the care to be delivered to the client. Also, it tackles maternal and child health related nursing theories that would serve as a guide for nurses in providing quality care to meet the patient’s needs II. Learning Objectives: At the end of the discussions, the students will be able to: 1. Identify the goals and philosophy of maternal and child nursing 2. Determine the Standards of Maternal and Child Health 3. Discuss the theories related to maternal and child health 4. Enumerate the Roles and Responsibilities of Maternal and Child Nurse 5. Discuss the WHO’s 17 Sustainable Goals III. Core Content of the Chapter ❖ Goals and Philosophies of Maternal and Child Health Nursing ❖ Theories related to MCN, Standard of care GOALS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING Maternal and Child Health Nursing- Involves the care of woman and family throughout pregnancy and child birth and the health promotion and illness care of women, children and families. Obstetrics Nursing- means care of women during childbirth ✓ derived from the Greek word Obstare (to keep watch) Pediatrics- refers to the child ✓ Came from the Greek word pais meaning child Primary Goal OF MCN: ❖ Promotion and maintenance of optimal family health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and childrearing. Philosophy of Maternal and Child Health 1. MCN is family centered ❖ Assessment includes the family and each member. The nurses see the family as a whole and as a partner in the care of the mother and child. 2. MCN is community centered ❖ The health of the family is affected and influence by the health of community 3. MCN is evidence based ❖ A means that increases critical knowledge. The care given is based on the product of research. 4. MCN is a challenging role for nurses and a major factor in keeping families well and optimally functioning. Nurses role is dynamic and evolving. Standards of Care ❖ Focuses on helping children and their families and communities achieve their optimum health potentials. This can be achieved within the framework of family centered care and nursing process Standards of Care I. ASSESSMENT Collection of patient health data (subjective/objective) II. DIAGNOSIS Analysis of the assessment data III. OUTCOME Identification of outcome IDENTIFICATION IV. PLANNING Development of plan of care V. IMPLEMENTATION Implementation of interventions identified in the care plan VI. EVALUATION Evaluation of client’s progress STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE I. QUALITY OF CARE Nurse evaluates quality and effectiveness of care II. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Nurse evaluates his/her own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards  III. EDUCATION Nurse acquire and maintain knowledge level IV. COLLEGIALITY Nurse contribute to the professional development of peers and colleagues V. ETHICS Nurse decisions in behalf of the patient are determined by ethical manners VI. COLLABORATION Nurse collaborate with the patient significant others and health care professionals VII. RESEARCH Nurse uses research findings in practice VIII. RESOURCE UTILIZATION Nurse considers factors related to safety, effectiveness and cost in planning and delivering patient care IX. PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT Nurse contributes to the environment of care delivery within the practice of setting. X. ACCOUNTABILITY The nurse is professionally and legally accountable for his/her practice NURSING THEORY ❖ Offers helpful ways to view client so that nursing activities can best meet client needs ❖ Address how nurses should be viewed or what the goals of nursing care should be THEORIES RELATED TO MCN 1. MERCER'S MATERNAL ROLE ATTAINMENT THEORY ❖ serve as a framework for nurses to provide appropriate health care interventions for nontraditional mothers in order for them to develop a strong maternal identity. 4 STAGES OF ACQUISITION I. Anticipatory- Social and psychological adaptation to the maternal role. This includes learning expectations and can involve fantasizing about the role of the mother. Ex: A mother before the delivery date II. Formal- the assumption of the maternal role at birth. In this stage, behaviors are guided by others in the mother’s social system or network, and relying on the advice of others in making decisions. Ex: A mother few hours after birth. III. Informal- mother develops her own methods of mothering which are not conveyed by a social system. Ex: A mother exploring her own ways of changing the diaper of her newborn. IV. Personal- the joy of motherhood. The mother finds harmony, confidence, and competence in the maternal role. In some cases, she may find herself ready for or looking forward to another child. 2. ROY'S ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING ❖ Stresses the importance of a nurse/patient to adapt to change cause by  illness and other stressors ❖ A person is holistic adaptive system in constant interaction with external and internal environment. ❖ The main task of the human system is to maintain integrity in the face of environmental stimuli. The goal is to foster successful adaptation. 3. OREM'S SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY ❖ Examine the ability of the patient to perform self-care ❖ Selfcare deficit- is an inability to perform certain daily functions as a result of physical/mental impairment such as surgery, recovery or age-related mobility issues. ----Nurses play an important role when it comes to addressing self-care deficits through assessment and intervention. ❖ Orem’s self-care deficit theory suggests patients are better able to recover when they maintain some independence over their own self-care. 4. BENNER’S THEORY ❖ describes how nurses move from novice to expert Stage 1 Novice: This would be a nursing student in his or her first year of clinical education; behavior in the clinical setting is very limited and inflexible. Novices have a very limited ability to predict what might happen in a particular patient situation. Stage 2 Advanced Beginner: Those are the new grads in their first jobs; nurses have had more experiences that enable them to recognize recurrent, meaningful components of a situation. They have the knowledge and the know-how but not enough in-depth experience. Stage 3 Competent: These nurses lack the speed and flexibility of proficient nurses, but they have some mastery and can rely on advance planning and organizational skills. Stage 4 Proficient: At this level, nurses are capable to see situations as “wholes” rather than parts. Proficient nurses learn from experience what events typically occur and are able to modify plans in response to different events. Stage 5 Expert:  Nurses who are able to recognize demands and resources in situations and attain their goals. These nurses know what needs to be done. They no longer rely solely on rules to guide their actions under certain situations ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSE A maternal and child nurse: 1. Consider the family as a whole and as a partner 2. Serves as an advocate 3. Demonstrate high degree of nursing function 4. Serves as important resources for families during childbearing and childrearing 5. Promotes health and disease prevention 6. Respect personal, cultural and spiritual attitude and beliefs 7. Encourages developmental stimulation during both health and illness 8. Assess families for strength as well as specific needs or challenges 9. Encourages family bonding through rooming in and family visiting in maternal and child health care setting 10. Encourages early hospital discharge options 11. Encourages families to reach out to the community SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ❖ Adopted by the world leaders in Sept. 2015 at a historic UN Summit ❖ Built upon the achievements of MDG and seek to address the unfinished business ❖ Defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ❖ Eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions is an indispensable requirement for sustainable development 1. NO POVERTY- To end poverty, everyone should have basic healthcare, security and education 2. ZERO HUNGER- This goal aims to end hunger 3. GOOD HEALTH- Ensuring people live healthy lives can cut child mortality and raise life expectancy. 4. EDUCATION- The UN wants everyone to have access to inclusive, equitable quality education 5. GENDER EQUALITY- Gender equality is a human right, and is vital for a peaceful, prosperous world. 6. CLEAN WATER- Clean water protects people from disease, yet three in 10 people lack access to it. 7. CLEAN ENERGY- Targets for 2030 include using more renewable, affordable energy. 8. ECONOMIC GROWTH- The aim is for sustainable economic growth and decent employment for all. 9. INDUSTRY AND INFRASTRUCTURE- This involves building resilient infrastructure and fostering innovation 10. NO INEQUALITY- The poorest 40 per cent of the population should be able to grow their income faster than average. 11. SUSTAINABILITY- The UN wants to increase affordable housing and make settlements inclusive, safe and sustainable. 12. RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION- This goal aims to foster eco-friendly production, reduce waste and boost recycling. 13. CLIMATE ACTION- Urgent action is needed, by regulating emissions and promoting renewable energy 14. LIFE UNDERWATER- The aim is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resource 15. LIFE ON LAND- To stop degradation, we must preserve forest, desert and mountain ecosystems. 16. PEACE & JUSTICE- The aim is inclusive societies with strong institutions that provide justice for all. 17. PARTNERSHIP- If all countries are to achieve the goals, international cooperation is vital. V. Activity -Online/offline class thru the LMS - Essay questions will be given to assess students’ understanding about the topic. Bibliography Pillitteri, A. and Flagg, J. (2018). Maternal & child health nursing: Care of the childbearing & childrearing family 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer. Pillitteri, Adelle (2010). Maternal and Child Health Nursing. Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family vol 1. 6th edition, Lippincott, United Kingdom. Williams and Wilkins pp. 4-14 United Nations Development Goal (2020). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html