International University English Test Level 6 PDF

International University, IU English Test Level 6 វិញ្ញ ា សារត្រៀម្រឡងតរស្តភាសាអង់តលេស្ ក្មិរ ៦ តរៀរចំតោយសាស្រ្សាតចារយរត្ងៀនភាសាអង់តលេស្ តៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ អនតរជារិ WRITING TEST PART I: Choose the best connectors/linkers. 1. In summer we wear light clothes.................... the weather is hot. A. and...

International University, IU English Test Level 6 វិញ្ញ ា សារត្រៀម្រឡងតរស្តភាសាអង់តលេស្ ក្មិរ ៦ តរៀរចំតោយសាស្រ្សាតចារយរត្ងៀនភាសាអង់តលេស្ តៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ អនតរជារិ WRITING TEST PART I: Choose the best connectors/linkers. 1. In summer we wear light clothes.................... the weather is hot. A. and B. so C. but D. because 2. I have a toothache.................... I must see a dentist as early as I can. A. and B. so C. but D. because 3. I like walking.................... I never go to school on foot.................... it is 10 miles away from home. A. and, because B. so, but C. but, because D. because, but 4. My son is calm and easy-going.................... my daughter is very moody.................... they never agree together. A. and, so B. but, so C. but, and D. because, so 5. I am English.................... I live in the USA.................... I work in a company there. A. and, but B. so, and C. but, and D. because, so 6. I love painting and fishing.................... they teach me concentration. A. and B. so C. but D. because 7. Jane hates swimming.................... she spends her summer holidays on the beach.................... she loves sunbathing. A. and, because B. so, but C. but, and D. but, because 8. It is always rainy in winter.................... you should always take an umbrella with you. A. and B. so C. but D. because 9. Fast foods are usually unhealthy.................... people should avoid them. A. and B. so C. but D. because 10. Peter is obese.................... the doctor advised him to practice sport regularly. A. and B. so C. but D. because 11. Parents.................... children should have good relationships. A. and B. so C. but D. because 12. I couldn’t sleep.................... there was a party next door. A. and B. so C. but D. because 13. I phoned all my friends.................... invited them to come to my house. A. and B. so C. but D. because 14. It was very cold outside,.................... I put on my warmest clothes. A. and B. so C. but D. because 15. We couldn’t go out.................... the weather was so bad. A. and B. so C. but D. because 16. He looked through the window for a minute or two,.................... went inside. A. and B. so C. but D. because 17. We didn’t have any money.................... we couldn’t go to a restaurant. A. and B. so C. but D. because Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 1 International University, IU English Test Level 6 18. He closed all the doors and windows, and.................... he left the house. A. and B. so C. but D. because 19. I was feeling very tired,.................... I went to bed very early. A. and B. so C. but D. because 20. Betty is usually on time,.................... tonight she arrived half an hour late. A. and B. so C. but D. because 21. I couldn’t buy anything.................... I forgot my wallet. A. and B. so C. but D. because 22. I was late for class this morning.................... the bus was late. A. and B. so C. but D. because 23. I usually go home at four o’clock,.................... then I watch TV for an hour. A. and B. so C. but D. because 24. My classmate studies very hard,.................... she always gets good grades. A. and B. so C. but D. because 25. Thomas was really hungry this morning.................... he didn’t eat breakfast. A. and B. so C. but D. because 26. We went to the airport,.................... we forgot to bring our suitcases. A. and B. so C. but D. because 27. Cathy decided to order spaghetti,.................... Gary decided to order a pizza. A. and B. so C. but D. because 28. I was very sick yesterday,.................... I didn’t go to work. A. and B. so C. but D. because 29. I fell off my bicycle.................... I wasn’t careful. A. and B. so C. but D. because 30. My bedroom was very cold.................... I forgot to close the window. A. and B. so C. but D. because 31. First we drove to the airport,.................... then we got on the plane. A. and B. so C. but D. because 32. It’s raining outside,.................... you should take your umbrella. A. and B. so C. but D. because 33. I don’t feel very well,.................... I think I’ll go to see a doctor. A. and B. so C. but D. because 34. Sarah called her friend,.................... nobody answered the phone. A. and B. so C. but D. because 35. I saw my teacher this morning,.................... I asked him about the test. A. and B. so C. but D. because 36. The felt very bored,.................... they turned on the TV and watched a movie. A. and B. so C. but D. because 37. I fell off my bicycle,.................... I didn’t get hurt. A. and B. so C. but D. because 38. The black dog has won many prizes,.................... he doesn’t know many tricks. A. and B. so C. but D. for 39. She saw a cat run in front of her,.................... she fell down while roller-skating. A. and B. so C. but D. for 40. There was a meteor shower in space,.................... the crew did not know how to avoid the meteors. A. and B. so C. but D. for Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 2 International University, IU English Test Level 6 41. I wanted to buy a baby Chihuahua,.................... I started to save my money. A. and B. so C. but D. for 42. Gillian did not like to read,.................... she was not very good at it. A. and B. so C. but D. for 43. Pam liked Wayne,.................... Leena also liked Wayne. A. and B. so C. but D. for 44. The little boy did not like to go to school,.................... he went away. A. and B. or C. yet D. nor 45. You could cry like a baby,.................... you can clean your room like an adult. A. and B. or C. yet D. nor 46. She didn’t want to play with Jill,.................... she didn’t want to play with Tim. A. and B. or C. yet D. nor 47. Arleen’s could not play with that boy,.................... could she play with that other boy. A. and B. or C. yet D. nor 48. Let’s go to the swimming pool,.................... it’s hot inside the house. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 49. I don’t want to eat,.................... I don’t want to drink. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 50. I don’t want to practice playing the violin,.................... I don’t want to disobey my mother. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 51. I want to own my own company,.................... I want to pay all my workers a lot of money. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 52. I need to go to the store,.................... I’m feeling too sick to drive. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 53. Rabbits make good pets,.................... they don’t make too much noise and they are clean. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 54. I want to go to the circus,.................... I want to ride a pony. A. and B. yet C. but D. for 55. I didn’t do my homework,.................... my parents punished me. A. yet B. or C. so D. nor 56. I have never visited Asia,.................... have I visited Africa. A. yet B. or C. so D. nor 57. You can make a big poster,.................... you can make a little clay statue. A. yet B. or C. so D. nor 58. We have a mouse in the house....................., we should get a cat. A. Unfortunately B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 59. Megan got into a car accident....................., her insurance rate increased. A. As a result B. Furthermore C. Whereas D. Additionally 60. Michael is very athletic and plays on the school basketball team....................., his brother just stays at home and plays video games all day. A. Thus B. Moreover C. However D. Fortunately 61. There are many occupations today....................., you can become a doctor, engineer, teacher, artist, athlete, musician, or chef, just to name a few. A. For example B. In addition C. Such as D. In contrast 62. The US government has been spending its money recklessly for too long....................., the plans that Congress proposes are destined to put the nation at great economic risk in the future. A. Hence B. As a result C. For instance D. Furthermore 63. Getting a college degree is important....................., building a good network of friends is crucial to future Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 3 International University, IU English Test Level 6 success. A. Consequently B. More importantly C. On the contrary D. In conclusion 64. Hawaii is a beautiful place to live....................., Siberia is a very inhospitable location. A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Moreover 65. Eating well will help you live a healthier life..................... exercising every day is also highly recommended. A. Next B. As a result C. Whereas D. Moreover 66. Do you enjoy completing these grammar exercises?...................., you should be able to improve your writing skills in no time! A. Yet B. Then C. Additionally D. Consequently 67. Without getting a college degree, it will be difficult to get a job....................., some will say, “It’s not what you know, but who you know.” A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 68. The economy looks like it is improving....................., with unemployment still very high, we are far from passing through the recession. A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 69. Dr. Xavier gave his patients other forms of medical treatment....................., Dr. Magneto’s patients only took sugar pills. As a result, Dr. Xavier’s patients healed more quickly than Dr. Magneto’s patients. A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Moreover 70. First, the author assumes that the two groups from these studies are the same group of people....................., considering these kinds of studies are based on random sampling, the first group may not be the same people who responded in the second study. A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 71. Studies have proven that not only wine but also a beer can be good for your health....................., only one drink a day will have helpful benefits. Beyond that, drinking will cause more problems. A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 72. Getting a degree from law school is a great accomplishment....................., it does not guarantee that one will have a job after graduation. A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 73. The Catholic Church has faced many struggles....................., child molestation may be the biggest challenge the Pope and the clergy must resolve in recent times. A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Moreover 74. Moving from one country to another can result in culture shock....................., the language barrier that many immigrants face can lead to a long life of hardship. A. Therefore B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Moreover 75. The author’s assumption that men are inferior to women is severely lacking....................., she does bring up a valid point that men are unable to give birth to babies. A. However B. In conclusion C. Moreover D. As a result 76. Lowering the national deficit would bring many positive benefits....................., banks would have more money to loan small business owners that could potentially. A. For example B. In addition C. Such as D. In contrast 77. A cease-fire between North and South Korea has been in effect for 50 years....................., without a peace treaty, the potential for another was is always there. A. As a result B. Furthermore C. Whereas D. Then 78. Polls show that Tony Blair is the most popular Prime Minister this century....................., there are even members of his own party who are uneasy with his approach. A. In particular B. For instance C. Hence D. However Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 4 International University, IU English Test Level 6 79. There are some slight variations in temperature....................., 26 to 27 °C should be expected. A. Otherwise B. However C. Consequently D. Though 80. The two main Channel Islands;...................., Jersey, and Guernsey are much closer to France than to England. A. for example B. namely C. in particular D. even though 81. It was announced that nurses’ working hours would be increased by 25%....................., even fewer trainee nurses are expected to join the profession. A. As a result B. So that C. Likewise D. Otherwise 82. Sales of CDs have experienced a small but steady fall over the past 12 months....................., vinyl records have seen an increase in their share of the market, up to 1.7%. A. Above all B. Similarly C. In contrast D. Consequently 83. The Vice Chancellor explained that in light of the current financial climate and because of unexpected bad debts, it would be necessary to peg salary levels at their current level for all grades of staff....................., no-one was getting a pay rise. A. Nevertheless B. In other words C. Similarly D. Next 84. It is clear that the situation in Brazil will improve only slowly....................., the economic problems being experienced in Japan, the outlook is slightly more optimistic. A. Furthermore B. In comparison C. nonetheless D. Thus 85. In order to try to reduce car use in the inner cities, the government has announced new restrictions on company parking spaces and.................... a new tax on individual car use. A. as well as B. in addition C. in the same way D. on the contrary 86. Essays must be handed in by the deadline....................., they will not be marked. A. Obviously B. Otherwise C. As a result D. Additionally 87..................... it has been shown that fractures can occur at even relatively low pressures, the use of the material should not be completely discounted. A. Nevertheless B. Because C. Even though D. Therefore 88. When my boss yelled at me, I got angry,.................... I quit. A. so B. because C. yet D. however 89. My boss yelled at me,.................... I quit.................... I was hurt. A. because, so B. so, because C. yet, so D. so, however 90. I got angry when my boss yelled at me,.................... I quit,.................... I should have remained calm. A. yet, so B. so, because C. so, yet D. however, so 91. When my boss yelled at me, I got angry,.................... I quit;...................., I should have remained calm. A. because, so B. so, because C. yet, so D. so, however 92. While I was sleeping, my daughter woke me up.................... she had a nightmare. A. and B. so C. but D. because 93. I went shopping,.................... I forgot my shopping list.................... it was next to my car keys. A. but, even though B. but, so C. but, and D. but, because 94..................... my sister was exhausted, she kept running; in fact, she got first place. A. Because B. Although C. When D. Then 95. I am always late.................... I don’t have a watch;...................., my sister is always on time. A. and, because B. so, however C. but, because D. because, however 96. When I was a child, I was attached by a dog;...................., I am afraid of dogs. A. however B. furthermore C. therefore D. for instance 97. Pam knew where the park was,.................... she gave us directions. A. and B. so C. but D. because 98. After our team won, we decided to celebrate,.................... we led a parade through town. A. and B. so C. but D. because Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 5 International University, IU English Test Level 6 99. When the committee met, witnesses testified about poor living conditions,.................... experts suggested improvements. A. and B. so C. but D. because 100. Sharon has been studying piano since she was six years old,.................... she enjoys it. A. and B. so C. but D. because 101. Greg said that we should start without him,.................... we waited anyway. A. and B. so C. but D. because 102. The radio that you like is on sale,.................... it is still expensive. A. and B. so C. but D. because 103. The bookstore ordered the items that Tim requested,.................... he is waiting for them. A. and B. so C. but D. because 104. The mayor outlined his plan, which was very complicated,.................... then reporters asked questions about it. A. and B. so C. but D. because 105. The sale items were so popular that they were gone in an hour,.................... the manager agreed to order more. A. and B. so C. but D. because 106. Scientists have identified the agents that cause the disease,.................... they haven’t found a cure for it. A. and B. so C. but D. because 107. The actor was nervous before he auditioned, he felt that he did well,..................... A. so B. though C. thus D. hence 108. High blood pressure is a serious condition that affects many people,.................... it should be treated by a qualified physician. A. and B. so C. but D. because 109. Since they had so much fun at the party, Shay and Jason stayed late,.................... they were tired in the morning. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 110. After the dance began, we found our friends in the other room,.................... we invited them to stay with us. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 111. The friends, who often play in the yard, are outside,.................... they will soon come into the house. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 112. When we go to the library, I will read for an hour,.................... you can relax. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 113. Although I love strawberries and oranges, my sister will not eat fruit,.................... she loves cake. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 114. Unless they read several books, Sherry and Alia may not have enough information for research,.................... they will not be able to write their papers. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 115. Before she slept at night, she read book,.................... she finished all of her homework. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 116. Although she was a new driver, Veronica drove through heavy traffic in Chicago,.................... she remained calm. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 117. My friend, who loves to play the violin, practices often,.................... she is a wonderful musician. A. and B. but C. yet D. or 118. The package, which was sitting on the porch, arrived during our lunch hour,.................... it came early in the morning. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 6 International University, IU English Test Level 6 A. and B. but C. yet D. or 119. Sally went to the movies;...................., Suzie stayed home. A. additionally B. however C. therefore D. consequently 120. I like chicken.................... I like pie also. A. and B. but C. yet D. for 121. Joe went to the store,.................... he bought a gallon of ice cream A. and B. but C. yet D. for 122. They didn’t have money for gas,.................... did they have money for the bridge toll. A. but B. nor C. yet D. or 123. Mr. Davis went into 7-11 to buy an umbrella,.................... the rain stopped. A. and B. nor C. or D. for 124. Melissa spent several hours studying for the test;...................., she got an A. A. additionally B. however C. therefore D. consequently 125. Melissa got an A on the test,..................... she spent several hours studying. A. and B. nor C. or D. for A vegetarian can be defined as someone who does not eat meat, fish, or other animal products, such as eggs or cheese; 126)...................., he or she eats vegetables, fruits, grains, and seeds. 127).................... this diet consists of non-meat food sources, a vegetarian typically consumes less fat and cholesterol than an individual who consumes meat. 128)...................., raising animals for food uses valuable land, water, and energy. 129)...................., adopting a vegetarian diet helps conserve the valuable resources that our future depends on. 126. A vegetarian can be defined as someone who does not eat meat, fish, or other animal products, such as eggs or cheese;.................... he or she eats vegetables, fruits, grains, and seeds. A. consequently B. because C. furthermore D. instead 127..................... this diet consists of non-meat food sources, a vegetarian typically consumes less fat and cholesterol than an individual who consumes meat. A. consequently B. because C. furthermore D. instead 128....................., raising animals for food uses valuable land, water, and energy. A. consequently B. because C. furthermore D. instead 129....................., adopting a vegetarian diet helps conserve the valuable resources that our future depends on. A. consequently B. because C. furthermore D. instead 130).................... many educators and parents have praised the Harry Potter series, some Christian parents have called for a ban on the books in their schools and libraries. Some churches have even gone as far as burning the books, citing biblical injunctions against witchcraft, 131).................... those in Exodus and Leviticus. 132)...................., some Christians believe the books are compatible with Christianity, 133)...................., that they embody basic Christian beliefs. 130..................... many educators and parents have praised the Harry Potter series, some Christian parents have called for a ban on the books in their schools and libraries. A. Although B. In addition C. Such as D. Indeed 131. Some churches have even gone as far as burning the books, citing biblical injunctions against witchcraft,.................... those in Exodus and Leviticus. A. although B. in addition C. such as D. indeed 132....................., some Christians believe the books are compatible with Christianity, A. Although B. In addition C. Such as D. Indeed 133....................., that they embody basic Christian beliefs. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 7 International University, IU English Test Level 6 A. although B. in addition C. such as D. indeed Massive energy consumption is having a negative impact on the planet. 134)...................., in the summer of 2006, Western Europe experienced some of the hottest weather on record. 135)...................., this temperature increase is not an isolated occurrence. 136)...................., almost every credible scientist today believes that the earth is experiencing climate change due to the emissions of greenhouse gases from cars and coal-burning power plants. Ninety percent of the energy used in the US comes from fossil fuels, oil, coal, and natural gas, 137).................... problems arise from other sources, too (e.g., nuclear power plants leave radioactive byproducts, making storage difficult. 138)...................., dams are not much better, as nearby populations must be relocated, and the surrounding habitat is destroyed. 134....................., in the summer of 2006, Western Europe experienced some of the hottest weather on record. A. For example B. Unfortunately C. Moreover D. But 135....................., this temperature increase is not an isolated occurrence. A. For example B. Unfortunately C. Moreover D. But 136....................., almost every credible scientist today believes that the earth is experiencing climate change due to the emissions of greenhouse gases from cars and coal-burning power plants. A. For example B. Unfortunately C. Moreover D. In fact 137. Ninety percent of the energy used in the US comes from fossil fuels, oil, coal, and natural gas,.................... problems arise from other sources, too (e.g., nuclear power plants leave radioactive byproducts, making storage difficult. A. for example B. unfortunately C. moreover D. but 138....................., dams are not much better, as nearby populations must be relocated, and the surrounding habitat is destroyed. A. For example B. Unfortunately C. Moreover D. But 139)...................., studies investigating the pros and cons of single-sex versus coeducation schools have come to public attention, 140).................... the results show some dramatic differences between the genders. 141)...................., single-sex schools appear to help girls with their work habits; 142)...................., boys achieve a higher success rate in a coeducational system. 143)...................., girls seem to work best when communication and cooperation are stressed, 144).................... boys may be more comfortable with individual and competitive styles of learning. 139....................., studies investigating the pros and cons of single-sex versus coeducation schools have come to public attention, A. For example B. By contrast C. Recently D. And 140..................... the results show some dramatic differences between the genders. A. for example B. by contrast C. recently D. and 141....................., single-sex schools appear to help girls with their work habits; A. For example B. By contrast C. Recently D. And 142....................., boys achieve a higher success rate in a coeducational system A. for example B. by contrast C. recently D. and 143....................., girls seem to work best when communication and cooperation are stressed, A. Whereas B. By contrast C. Recently D. In other words 144..................... boys may be more comfortable with individual and competitive styles of learning. A. whereas B. by contrast C. recently D. in other words វិញ្ញ ា សារត្រៀម្រឡងតរស្តភាសាអង់តលេស្ ក្មិរ ៦ តរៀរចំតោយសាស្រ្សាតចារយរត្ងៀនភាសាអង់តលេស្ Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 8 International University, IU English Test Level 6 តៅសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ អនតរជារិ PART II: PARAGRAPHS Read each paragraph. Then choose the best topic sentence and write it on the line provided. (1). ___________________________________________. I usually go skiing every weekend in the winter even though it is expensive. I love the feeling of flying down a mountain. The views are beautiful from the top of a mountain and along the trails. Even the danger of falling and getting hurt can’t keep me away from the slopes on a winter day. a. Skiing is expensive. b. I love the feeling of flying down a mountain. c. Skiing is my favorite sport. d. Skiing is dangerous. (2). __________________________________________. North Americans send cards for many occasions. They send cards to family and friends on birthdays and holidays. They also send thank-you cards, get well cards, graduation cards, and congratulation cards. It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through the mail, but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular. a. Birthday cards are the most popular kind of card. b. Sending cards is more important. c. It is important to send thank-you cards. d. Sending cards is very popular in North America. (3). __________________________________________. I enjoy summer sports like water skiing and baseball. The weather is usually sunny and hot, so I can go to the beach almost every day. Gardening is my hobby and I spend many summer days working in my garden. Unfortunately, the days pass too quickly in summer. a. Gardening is my hobby. b. I like to garden in summer. c. Summer is my favorite season. d. Summer is to short. (4). __________________________________________. First of all, we need money to repair old roads and build new roads. We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection. Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city. It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon. a. Taxes needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city. b. We should raise city taxes. c. City taxes are too high. d. City taxes pay for new roads. (5). _______________________________________. For example, a person can have breakfast in New York, board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris. A businesswoman in London can instantly place an order with a factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax. Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball game being played in Los Angeles. a. Business people can instantly place orders easily. b. Airplanes have changed our lives. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 9 International University, IU English Test Level 6 c. Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller. d. The fax machine was an important invention. (6). ______________________________________. One thing you must consider is the quality of the university’s educational program. You also need to think about the school’s size and location. Finally, you must be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford to go to school there. a. There are many colleges and universities in the United States. b. It is expensive to attend a university in the United States. c. There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend. d. You should consider getting a good education. (7). _________________________________________. Jim likes to play football. His sister plays baseball. His brother is on a basketball team. His parents like to ski in the winter. a. Jim has a large family. b. Jim likes sports for some reasons. c. Jim's family enjoys sports. d. Playing sports is good exercise. (8). _________________________________________. My school has recess every day. I like to play on the swings and jungle gym with my friends. We like to laugh and run. Recess is my favorite time of the day. a. Recess is my favorite time of the day. b. Recess is when I can have fun with my friends. c. Some kids bring their toys from home for recess. d. Parents sometimes bring their small children during recess for a visit. (9). ________________________________________. I play basketball every weekend. My friends and I play it at recess and after school. My mom took me to a basketball game. I got to see Michael Jordan play. That was the greatest because basketball is my favorite game. a. Recess is my favorite time of the day. b. Michael Jordan was a great basketball player. c. Some people play both football and basketball. d. Basketball is my favorite game. (10). ________________________________________. Matt likes dogs and playing soccer. Claire likes cats and playing tennis. Matt likes to eat pizza. Claire's favorite food is spaghetti. a. Matt and Claire like food. b. Matt and Claire like animals. c. Pizza and spaghetti taste good. d. Matt and Claire like different things. (11). _______________________________________. It took our bus four hours to get to Sea World. We saw whales, seals, and sharks. There were also many fish in tanks. a. Our class took a trip. b. One of my favorite things was the whale. c. I ate lunch outside with my class. d. We like a trip. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 10 International University, IU English Test Level 6 (12). ______________________________________. Georgia has a new flag. The flag has the state seal. South Carolina's flag has a tree and the moon. The flag of Wyoming has a buffalo. a. California's flag has a bear. b. The flag of Wyoming has a buffalo. c. Every state has a different flag. d. Georgia's flag is very interesting. (13). ___________________________________________________________. First, living in a foreign country helps you learn another language faster than studying it at school. Second, you can learn directly about the history, geography, and culture of a country. Third, you become a more tolerant person because you experience different ways of living. Fourth, living in a foreign country makes you appreciate your own country better. a. Living in a foreign country helps you learn. b. Everyone should live in a foreign country for a while. c. Living in a foreign country has four benefits. d. Everyone becomes tolerant. (14). _______________________________________________________________________. Some colleges and universities in the United States are private. Private colleges and universities do not get money from taxes, so they are usually more expensive. Other colleges and universities are public; that is, the citizens of each state pay some of the costs through their taxes. As a result, public colleges are cheaper for students to attend. No matter which type of college you attend-public or private, you can get a good education. a. Private colleges and universities do not get money from taxes b. Public colleges and universities get money from taxes. c. There are many colleges and universities in the United States. d. There are two main types of colleges and universities in the United States. (15). ______________________________________________________________. One reason for choosing a small college is that classes are small. The average class in a small college is twenty students. Another reason is that it is easy to meet with professors. Professors in small colleges have time to help students and are usually happy to do so. In addition, small colleges are friendly, so new students make friends quickly. For these three reasons, small colleges are better than large universities for many students. a. Professors in small colleges have time to help students b. Small colleges are friendlier than large universities. c. There are several reasons for attending a small college instead of a large university. d. You can get an excellent education at a small college. (16). ______________________________________________________________. First of all, employers want workers to be dependable. That is, they want workers who come to work every day. Second, employers want workers who are responsible. Can the boss give the worker a project to do and know that it will be done well? Third, employers look for workers who can work well with others. The ability to get along with coworkers is important to the success of a business. To summarize, employers look for dependable, responsible team players. a. The ability to get along with co-workers is important to the success of a business. b. It is difficult to find good employees these days. c. Employers read job applications very carefully. d. Employers look for three main qualities in their employees. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 11 International University, IU English Test Level 6 (17). _______________________________________________. Green curry is the hottest Thai curry. People who like very spicy food will enjoy green curry. Red curry is medium hot. It is flavorful, but it doesn't burn your mouth. Yellow curry is the mildest of all. It is usually the choice of people who eat Thai food for the first time. In short, you have three delicious choices when you order Thai curry. a. People who like very spicy food will enjoy green curry. b. It is usually the choice of people who eat Thai food for the first time. c. Thai food is delicious. d. There are three delicious choices for Thai curry. (18). _________________________________________________. First, good teachers know their subject very well. That is, a math teacher has advanced education in mathematics, and an English teacher is an expert in English grammar. Second, good teachers must be good communicators. Being a good communicator means presenting information in ways that students can understand. Third, good teachers are enthusiastic. That is, they are so interested in their subject that they make it fun to learn. To summarize, good teachers have expert knowledge, good communication skills, and contagious enthusiasm. a. English teachers are experts in English grammar. b. Good teachers are friendly and approachable. c. Good teachers have some qualities. d. Good teachers build knowledge of their subjects. (19). __________________________________________________. The first type of shopper doesn't like to waste time. She knows what she wants to buy and how much she wants to pay. If the store has what she wants, she buys it and leaves. She is a good kind of customer because she doesn't take too much of a salesperson's time. A second type of shopper comes into a store with a general idea of what she wants, listens to the salesperson's suggestions, tries on a few items, and makes a decision. She is also a good kind of customer. A third kind of shopper has no idea what she wants. She spends two hours trying on one outfit after another. She takes up a lot of a salesperson's time and sometimes doesn't buy anything. In conclusion, the first two types of shoppers are a salesperson's dream, but the third type is a salesperson's nightmare. a. The shopper doesn't like to waste time. b. The shopper comes into a store with a general idea of what she wants, listens to the salesperson's suggestions, tries on a few items, and makes a decision. c. The shopper has no idea what she wants. d. There are different types of shoppers. (20). ___________________________________________________. First of all, teachers must know their subjects very well. At a minimum, they should take several college courses and pass a written test in every subject that they teach. Also, they should take refresher classes every few years to keep their knowledge upto-date. Third, teachers should take education classes in college to learn how to teach. Fourth, they should have spent at least one year practice teaching. Practice-teaching is teaching real children in a real classroom under the supervision of an experienced teacher. Only after a person has met these requirements should he or she receive a teaching license. a. Teachers must know their subjects very well. b. Teachers are friendly and approachable. c. There are some requirements to be teachers. d. Teachers build knowledge of their subjects. (21). ___________________________________________________. Even small towns in the United States have at least one pizzeria and one Chinese restaurant. Every midsize town has at least one taqueria, where Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 12 International University, IU English Test Level 6 you can get a delicious Mexican taco or burrito. French food has always been popular, and hot dogs and hamburgers, German in origin, are found everywhere. More recently, Middle Eastern shish kebab, Japanese sushi, and English fish and chips are increasingly available in the United States. a. French food has always been popular. b. Middle Eastern shish kebab, Japanese sushi, and English fish and chips are increasingly available in the United States. c. Mexican taco or burrito is popular. d. There are different kinds of foods available in the United States. (22). ___________________________________________________. Some people skip breakfast because they think it will help them lose weight. Another reason people give is that they simply don't like breakfast. For others, the reason is cultural. People in some cultures consume only two meals each day instead of three, and breakfast isn't traditionally one of them. The most common reason people give is lack of time. They like to stay in bed until the last minute, and then they have to rush to get to work or to school on time. a. The most common reason people give is lack of time. b. Some people skip breakfast because they think it will help them lose weight. c. Lunch is the most important meal. d. Breakfast is not important. (23). __________________________________________________. English speakers relaxing at home, for example, may put on kimonos, which is a Japanese word. English speakers who live in a warm climate may take an afternoon siesta on an outdoor patio without realizing that these are Spanish words. In their gardens, they may enjoy the fragrance of jasmine flowers, a word that came into English from Persian. They may even relax on a chaise while snacking on yogurt, words of French and Turkish origin, respectively. At night, they may shampoo their hair and put on pajamas, words from the Hindi language of India. a. Relaxation is more important for English speakers. b. English speakers relaxing at home, may put on kimonos, which is a Japanese word. c. English speakers like doing different things for their daily routines. d. English is originated from different languages. (24). __________________________________________________. In European universities, students are not required to attend classes. In fact, professors in Germany generally do not know the names of the students enrolled in their courses. In the United States, however, students are required to attend all classes and may be penalized if they do not. Furthermore, in the European system, students usually take just one comprehensive examination at the end of their entire four or five years of study. In the North American system, on the other hand, students usually have numerous quizzes, tests, and homework assignments, and they almost always have to take a final examination in each course at the end of each semester. a. Students are not required to attend classes. b. Students are required to attend all classes. c. Attending the class is not important. d. There are some different educational systems between European universities and the United States. (25). __________________________________________________. Trail climbing is the easiest. Climbers just walk along trails to the top of a mountain. The trails are not very steep, and the mountains are small. The second type, rock climbing, takes place on steeper slopes and bigger mountains. Climbers generally have to use special equipment such as climbing shoes, ropes, and metal nails called pitons. The third type is ice climbing. Ice climbing takes place only on very high mountains and requires a lot of special equipment. Equipment used in ice climbing includes ice axes and crampons, which are spikes attached to a climber's Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 13 International University, IU English Test Level 6 boots for walking on ice and hard snow. Indeed, the sport of mountain climbing can range from an easy uphill walk to a difficult climb up a frozen waterfall. a. Mountain climbing requires special skills and equipment. b. Climbers generally have to use special equipment. c. The sport of mountain climbing is practiced worldwide. d. There are three main types of mountain climbing. (26). _________________________________________________. For example, Kansas City, in the very center of the United States, is known for its beef, and Kansas City barbecue is everyone's favorite way to enjoy it. In Boston, people love baked beans. In the Southwest, chili, a stew made of meat, beans, tomatoes, and hot peppers, is the regional dish. Wisconsin, a state with many dairy farms, is famous for its cheese. Go to Maryland and Virginia for crab cakes and to the Northeast for clam chowder and maple syrup. Indeed, many U.S. cities and regions have a special food for everyone to enjoy. a. There is a variety of food in the United States. b. Food in the United States varies from sweet desserts to spicy stews. c. Different regions of the United States have their own traditional foods. d. Food in the United States is quite delicious. (27). ___________________________________________________. Before the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, water buffalo stampeded' in Thailand, and dogs in Sri Lanka refused to go out for their regular walks. An unusual number of pets ran away from their homes in the days before the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. Japanese researchers have analyzed fishermen's stories about the abnormal behavior of fish in the days or hours before earthquakes in that country. These are just a few examples of strange animal behavior just before earthquakes occur. a. Dogs, elephants, water buffalo, and fish can predict earthquakes. b. Earthquake prediction is an important science. c. Animals may be able to sense earthquakes before they happen. d. Japanese researchers have analyzed fishermen's stories. Paragraph unity Read the following paragraphs. Some sentences break the rule of unity. How many sentence(s) is/are (not) relevant? (28). California is a state with every type of geography. It has mountains where you can enjoy the winter sports of skiing, snowboarding, and snowshoeing. It has deserts where temperatures can reach 110°F (43°C) in the summer. It has beaches where you can surf, swim, and fish. It has forests where the world's tallest trees grow. Finally, it has farmland where a lot of the nation's fruits and vegetables grow. California also has Hollywood and Disneyland, which are world-famous centers of entertainment. California is a popular place to live, so many people move there every year. Indeed, California has it all: mountains, deserts, beaches, and farms. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (29). A nurse should have at least five characteristics. First, he or she must be a caring person. He or she must have genuine concern about sick, injured, frightened people. Second, a nurse must be organized. If a nurse forgets to give a patient his or her medicine on time, the consequences could be serious. Third, a nurse Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 14 International University, IU English Test Level 6 must be calm. He or she may have to make a life and-death decision in an emergency, and a calm person makes better decisions than an excitable one. Doctors need to stay calm in emergencies, too. In addition, a nurse should be physically strong because nursing requires a lot of hard physical work. Finally, a nurse must be intelligent enough to learn subjects ranging from chemistry to psychology and to operate the complex machinery used in hospitals today. There is a shortage of nurses today, so they earn good salaries. In brief, nursing is a profession for people who are caring, organized, calm, strong, and smart. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (30). There is a canyon in northern Arizona that is the most beautiful spot on Earth. It is called Havasu Canyon, and it is part of the Havasupai tribal reservation. It is not easy to get there, for you have to hike down a long, hot trail. At the end of the trail is Supai Village. The Havasupai are a tribe of about 650 people. Their language has been written down only in the past twenty years. Beyond the village, another trail leads to the top of a steep cliff overlooking Havasu Canyon. Your first view of the canyon takes your breath away. Directly in front of you, the trail disappears straight down the 200-foot cliff. On your right, you see a beautiful waterfall. Water pours straight down into a bright blue-green pool at the bottom of the canyon. Directly across the canyon, hundreds of small waterfalls gush from the cliff face, and little green ferns grow everywhere. At the bottom, the water cascades from one turquoise pool into another until it disappears into the trees on the left. As you view this scene, you can only think that Havasu Canyon is truly a magical place. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (31). My first apartment was very small. It was a studio apartment, so it had only one main room and a bathroom. The main room was divided into three areas. At one end of it was a kitchenette, where I cooked and ate my meals. My living/sleeping area was at the opposite end. I had just enough space for a bed, a coffee table, a floor lamp, and a small television. My study area was against the back wall. I lived there for two years, but I moved because my landlord raised the rent. My apartment was so small that I could never invite more than three friends at the same time! a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (32). A good ad has three characteristics. First of all, a good ad is simple. It lets pictures, not words, tell the story. Of course, all ads need some words, but a good ad has a powerful headline and only a small amount of text. Second, a good ad is directed to a particular group of consumers. For example, ads for face creams are for older women, and ads for motorcycles are for unmarried young men. Third, a good ad appeals to emotions. Women in the thirty-to-fifty age group, for instance, want to look and feel younger, so face cream ads tell them that women who use XYZ face cream will look like the twenty-year-old models pictured in the ad. Teenagers want to feel popular, so ads directed at teens often show a happy, confident-looking group of young people using the product in the ad. Teenagers have a surprising amount of money to spend, so advertisers research teenage fads and fashions. In conclusion, good ads are simple, are directed at a specific group, and make an emotional connection. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 15 International University, IU English Test Level 6 a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (33). Artichokes are vegetables that look like green pinecones but taste delicious. If you have never eaten one, you may not know how or where to start. Lobster is another food that is difficult to eat. Here's how to cook and eat an artichoke. First, cut off the stem with a knife. Then cut off the end of each leaf with scissors. Steam the whole artichoke in a pot of water until it is soft. To eat it, pull off one leaf at a time, hold the cut end, and dip the leaf into melted butter or mayonnaise. Then put the dipped end into your mouth. Pull the leaf through your teeth and scrape off the soft part. Throw away the tough part. Continue doing this until all of the leaves are gone. Next, take a spoon, scrape out the fuzzy part in the center, and throw it away. A lobster also has parts that you don't eat. The remaining part of the artichoke- the bottom - is the heart, which is the best part. Cut the heart into pieces, dip each piece into the sauce, and enjoy the delicious taste. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (34). Kimchi, or kimchee, is Korea's national dish. It is made of fermented' vegetables. There are many ways to make Kimchi, but it usually contains Chinese cabbage, salt, garlic, red pepper, green onion, fish sauce, and ginger. These ingredients are mixed together, put into a container, and allowed to ferment for three or four days. Nutritionists say that Kimchi is very good for you. In fact, the U.S. magazine Health says it is one of the five healthiest foods because it has a lot of vitamins and because it helps digestion. It may even prevent cancer. The other four healthy foods are yogurt, olive oil, lentils, and soy. Kimchi is very spicy and has a very strong taste. Most Westerners have to get used to the taste, but Koreans adore it. They eat it with every meal, either alone or mixed with rice or noodles. They also use it in soup, pancakes, and even as a pizza topping. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (35). Colors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. Green was a sacred color to the Egyptians, representing the hope and joy of spring. It is also a sacred color to Moslems. Many mosques and religious temples throughout the world use green (the color of renewal and growth) and blue (the color of heaven) to balance heavenly peace with spiritual growth. To sum up, color influences us in many ways (Daniels 10). a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 16 International University, IU English Test Level 6 (36). Colors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After London's Blackfriars Bridge was painted green, the number of suicides decreased by 34 percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that color affects not only our moods but our behavior as well (Daniels 10). a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (37). Colors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn, can change our behavior. In one study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Blue is not a good color for dinnerware, however. Food looks less appetizing when it is served on blue plates, perhaps because very few foods in nature are of that color. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After London's Blackfriars Bridge was painted green, the number of suicides from it decreased by 34 per cent. It is clear that color affects not just our moods, but our behavior as well (Daniels 10). a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (38). Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. Ordinary people are no longer content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Florida. More and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down wild rivers, hiking through steamy rain forests, climbing the world's highest mountains, or crossing slippery glaciers. People of all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 (39). Daredevil sports are also becoming popular. Young people especially are increasingly willing to risk life and limb while mountain biking, backcountry snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding. Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular. One of the riskiest new sports is skysurfing, in which people jump out of airplanes with boards attached to their feet. Skysurfing rivals skydiving and bungee jumping for the amount of thrill sand risk. a. Non b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 CONCLUDING SENTENCES Read the following paragraphs. Then choose the best concluding sentence for it. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 17 International University, IU English Test Level 6 (40). There are two reasons I love big cities. First of all, big cities are alive 24/7. You can go shopping, see a movie, exercise at a gym, get something to eat, or go roller skating at any time of the day or night. Second, I love big cities because of their anonymity. You can be completely invisible in big cities. No one watches your daily comings and goings.' Neighbors don't bother you as long as you don't bother them. You can stay out all night or stay home all day, and no one cares. a. To sum up, I love big cities because you can be independent. b. In short, big cities attract me because there are many things to do. c. In brief, I like big cities because of their energy and anonymity. d. To sum up, you can stay out all night or stay home all day, and no one cares. (41). There are two reasons I hate big cities. First of all, big cities are full of noise 24/7. You can hear horns honking, traffic roaring, music blaring, and people talking at all hours of the day and night. It is never quiet in a big city. Second, I hate big cities because of their anonymity. No one knows or cares about you. Neighbors who have lived next door to each other for many years don't even know each others' names. You can be very lonely in a big city. a. In brief, big cities are noisy, lonely places to live. b. In conclusion, I prefer to live in a small town, where it is quieter and people are friendlier. c. Also, big cities have a lot of crime. d. To sum up, I love big cities because you can be independent. (42). Unless you live on an uninhabited island in the middle of a big ocean, you cannot escape advertising. People in the modern world are continually exposed to ads and commercials on the radio, on television, on billboards, in their mailboxes, and on their computers. However, advertising is not a modern phenomenon. Advertising has been around for a long time, as a review of its history shows. a. As early as 3000 B.C., merchants carved signs in wood, clay, and stone to put above their shops. b. In ancient Egypt, merchants hired people called criers to walk through the streets announcing the arrival of ships and their cargo. c. In medieval Europe, shop owners hired criers to direct customers to their shops. d. The invention of the printing press was the start of the advertising industry as we know it today. (43). On my first day of class in an American university, I discovered that there are many differences between universities in the United States and in my country. One difference hit me immediately when the professor walked into the classroom dressed in casual pants and a sports shirt. Then he sat down, and I received a second shock. He sat down on the desk, not behind the desk. The biggest shock happened when he passed out a piece of paper listing the requirements of the class. I learned that I was not allowed to miss any classes! In my country, professors do not know or care if students attend lectures, but in the United States, professors actually call the roll at the beginning of each class meeting. In my opinion, compulsory attendance in college is completely inappropriate for two reasons. a. College students are adults, not elementary school children. b. Students often have other obligations such as jobs and family. c. Classes should be optional. d. Students are not allowed to miss their classes. (44). Everyone needs goals. Having goals makes you more successful because they keep your mind on what is really important to you. However, goals can change at different times in your life. Your goals when you are ten are very different from your goals at fifteen or twenty. My major goals this semester are to get a part-time job and to master the use of the English language. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 18 International University, IU English Test Level 6 a. My first goal is to get a part-time job in an area related to my field of study. b. I also plan to improve my ability to speak, write, read, and understand English. c. Having goals makes you more successful because they keep your mind on what is really important to you. d. Goals are not important. (45). Female airline pilots? Male nurses? When my parents were young, such job descriptions were not possible. In the past thirty-five years, however, society has become more accepting. Although it is still somewhat unusual, men now work in traditionally female occupations. In particular, more and more men are becoming nurses, secretaries, and elementary school teachers. a. The nursing profession has seen the greatest increase in male participation. b. Besides nursing, more men are becoming secretaries. c. Elementary school teaching is a third occupation that men are taking up. d. Teaching is an important occupations for men. (46). Goldfish have three characteristics that make them good pets. First of all, goldfish are very quiet. They don't bark, howl, meow, chirp, squawk, screech, or race around the house at night while you and your neighbors are trying to sleep. Second, they are economical. You can buy a goldfish at your local pet store for about 50¢, and a small bowl for it costs less than $3.00. Water is practically free. Also, they eat only a pinch of dried fish food daily, so their food bill is quite low. Third, goldfish are very well behaved. They don't have teeth, so they can't chew your furniture or bite your guests. They don't ever go outside, so they can't dig holes in your garden. In addition, you don't have to spend hours teaching them commands, such as "Sit!" or "Lie down!" a. In brief, you can buy a goldfish at your local pet store with less price. b. All in all, goldfish are nice. c. Having goldfish are more than other pets. d. In summary, goldfish are quiet, economical, and well behaved. (47). You can be a good conversationalist by being a good listener. When you are conversing with someone, pay close attention to the speaker's words while looking at his or her face. Show your interest by smiling and nodding. Furthermore, do not interrupt while someone is speaking; it is impolite to do so. If you have a good story, wait until the speaker is finished. Also, watch your body language; it can affect your communication whether you are the speaker or the listener. For instance, do not sit slumped in a chair or make nervous hand and foot movements. Be relaxed and bend your body slightly forward to show interest in the person and the conversation. a. Showing your interest is important for making a conversation. b. If you have a good story, wait until the speaker is finished. c. A good conversationalist is understandable. d. A good conversationalist is patient, flexible, and attentive to details. (48). Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy. They feel buried under the large number of messages they receive daily. In addition to telephone calls, office workers receive dozens of e-mail and voice mail messages daily. In one company, in fact, managers receive an average of 100 messages a day. Because they do not have enough time to respond to these messages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings or on weekends at home. (Compose) a. Modern communication technology is more important. b. Modern communication technology helps the world lots. c. The world is really busy with modern communication technology. d. Modern communication technology has both advantages and disadvantages. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 19 International University, IU English Test Level 6 (49). The island nation of Singapore, the smallest nation in Asia, is one of the best cities in the world to live in and to visit. First of all, Singapore is a very safe city. It has a very low crime rate. Citizens and tourists alike can walk the streets at night without fear. Also, Singapore is very clean. The nation has very strong antilittering laws, so there is almost no litter anywhere. Third, Singaporeans come from many different racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, but they live together in peace. Finally, Singapore's economy is one of the healthiest in Asia, so its people enjoy a very high standard of living. a. Singapore is a very safe city. b. Singapore is very clean. c. People enjoy a very high standard of living in Singapore. d. Singapore is a good country in Asia. (50). The college cafeteria is an inexpensive place to eat. For example, you can get a cheeseburger, french fries, and a soda for only $3.00. A slice of pizza is only $1.50, and a cup of coffee is only 50¢. There is a daily special for about $2.50. It includes an entree, rice or potatoes, and a vegetable. The salad bar is the best deal of all. You get all you can eat for $2.00. a. The college cafeteria is an expensive place to eat. b. The college cafeteria is a truly lifesaver. c. The college cafeteria is place where you can have everything with reasonable prices. d. The college cafeteria is a place where you don’t need yourselves to keep busy with your own cooking. (51). Animals living in modern zoos enjoy several advantages over animals in the wild. The first advantage is that zoo animals are separated from their natural predators. They are protected, so they live without risk of being attacked. Another advantage is that someone feeds them regularly, so they do not have to hunt for food. Also, they do not suffer times when food is hard to find. A third advantage of living in zoos is that veterinarians give animals regular checkups, and sick animals get prompt medical attention. a. In conclusion, because all their needs are taken care of, most zoo animals are healthy and contented. b. In conclusion, living in a zoo has many advantages for animals, but it also has some disadvantages. c. In conclusion, zoos keep animals safe from predators. d. In conclusion, zoos attract more visitors. PART III: PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS Choose the best answers. 1. This type of writing explains things. a. argumentation b. exposition c. narrative d. description 2. This type of writing tries to persuade the reader to think about something in a new way or to take a certain action. a. exposition b. argumentation c. narrative d. description Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 20 International University, IU English Test Level 6 3. This type of writing tells a story. a. description b. exposition c. narrative d. argumentation 4. This type of writing uses the five senses to give specific details to the reader a. description b. argumentation c. narrative d. exposition 5. You have written an article on "How To Find the Best Deals While Shopping Online." What type of writing is it? a. exposition b. argumentation c. narrative d. description 6. You wake up one morning and are feeling blue. You write a poem to convey a sense of your glumness. What type of writing is it? a. expositive b. description c. narrative d. argumentation 7. You have just finished writing the great American novel. What type of writing is it? a. exposition b. argumentation c. description d. narrative 8. You read a news story on the front page of the paper about an earthquake in another country. It gives the facts about where, when, who, what and how. What type of writing is it? a. description b. narrative c. exposition d. argumentation 9. You read an article in the paper about some questionable practices at the company for which you work. You disagree with the article and write a letter to the editor of the paper with your opposing viewpoint. What type of writing is it? a. exposition b. argumentation c. narrative d. description 10. You have lived an interesting life so far, so you write your autobiography. What type of writing is it? a. exposition Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 21 International University, IU English Test Level 6 b. narrative c. argumentation d. description 11. You go on a hiking trip across Europe. Throughout your journey, you keep a journal in which you describe the scenes, people, buildings, plants, animals and everything else you encounter. What type of writing is it? a. description b. argumentation c. exposition d. narrative 12. You have just been hired as the restaurant critic for your local newspaper. For your first assignment, you visit a new restaurant and discover what you consider to be the best seafood in the area. You write a critique telling the readers to check out this new restaurant. What type of writing is it? a. exposition b. argumentation c. narrative d. description 13. You have a big exam for world history on Friday. You realize you haven't done any of the reading assignments. You spend all night reading several chapters from the textbook. What kind of writing is in your textbook? a. argumentation b. exposition c. narrative d. description 14. You write a business letter to a company telling them about your latest projects. What kind of writing is it? a. argumentation b. narrative c. exposition d. description 15. You write a personal experience article about being trapped on Mount Everest for five days and how you survived. You send the article to a magazine to see if they will accept it for publication. What type of writing is it? a. exposition b. argumentation c. description d. narrative 16. Which is the wrong way to get the audience’s attention? a. use statistics b. use an insult c. use a story d. use a quotation 17. Where is the best place to introduce the claim? Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 22 International University, IU English Test Level 6 a. in the second paragraph b. in the last paragraph c. at the end of the last paragraph d. at the end of the first paragraph 18. The claim is where the writer a. will tear down an opposing view b. shows what he/she is trying to prove c. will answer an opposing view d. show how smart he/she is 19. Background information helps the reader to a. eat ice cream b. have more information about the topic c. watch for an opposing view d. be distracted about the claim 20. How many reasons or main ideas should be in one paragraph? a. 1 b. 5 c. 3 d. 2 21. Where would you find evidence and details? a. body paragraphs b. introduction c. pizza d. conclusion 22. An opposing view or claim is a statement that shows a. what the writer will try to prove b. what someone would argue for the claim c. what the reader should believe d. what someone would argue against the claim 23. The refutation should come immediately after the a. conclusion b. opposing view c. introduction d. claim 24. The purpose of the conclusion is to a. restate the attention getter and background b. give evidence and details c. give new information d. restate the argument and the reasons 25. The prompt may reveal what part of an essay? a. conclusion b. claim c. annotation d. evidence 26. What is the purpose of a claim? a. To show both sides of an argument b. To show which side of the argument I am on c. To show why the other side is wrong Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 23 International University, IU English Test Level 6 d. Option 4 27. What is the purpose of a rebuttal? a. To introduce what my paper will be about b. To prove that the opposing side is wrong c. To summarize all of my ideas d. To provide background information 28. Which are components of an argumentative essay? a. Using I, you, or me (except in the hook) b. Using opinions or emotions c. Using textual evidence d. Stating a counterclaim & rebuttal e. c & d 29. Which option below is an example of a thesis? a. Deforestation can be good and bad for the environment. b. Deforestation is detrimental to our environment because species are losing their habitats, climate change, and fewer forests. c. Does deforestation hurt the environment? d. Deforestation is mostly bad for the environment. 30. Which of these is not a characteristic of a good essay? a) Brevity b) Dignified style c) Fakeness d) Personal touch 31. Which of these should be avoided in a good essay? a) Slang b) Dignified words c) Brevity d) Unity 32. Which of these is not a type of essay? a) Narrative essay b) Descriptive essay c) Argumentative essay d) Personal essay 33. Which of these essays tells a story? a) Narrative essays b) Descriptive essays c) Reflective essays d) Argumentative essays 34. In which of these essays, the writer arrives at a conclusion by logical reasoning? a) Narrative essays b) Descriptive essays c) Reflective essays d) Argumentative essays 35. ________ essays are a collection of one’s thoughts. a) Narrative b) Expository Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 24 International University, IU English Test Level 6 c) Argumentative d) Reflective 36. Which of these explains a subject? a) Narrative essays b) Expository essays c) Argumentative essays d) Reflective essays 37. Which kind of essay uses the five senses (touch, smell, taste, sound, sight) to enhance the imagery of the setting? a) Narrative essays b) Descriptive essays c) Expository essays d) Argumentative essays 38. Good descriptive writing uses which of the following? a. Precise language. b. Specific adjectives and nouns. c. Strong action verbs. d. All the above. 39. Descriptive writing should do what? a. Appeal to senses. b. Give details. c. Provide descriptions. d. All the above. 40. Good descriptive language is which of the following? a. Frugal with words. b. Succinct. c. Extremely well organised. d. Vague. 41. What is the reason to write a descriptive essay? a. To allow the reader to grasp the writer's idea through the reader's sense of sight, smell, taste, sound and touch. b. To inform the reader about technical features. c. To provide the reader with scientific details. d. To appeal to the reader's liking for numbers. 42. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. Saurav was 25 and his stern face hinted at a strong determination to succeed. b. Saurav was 25 and his face was full of make up. He tried to override other people. c. Saurav was 25. He had a stern face. d. Saurav was 25 and he wanted to boss over people. He made up his face. 43. Choose the most effective description from the four options. a. I remember the old market clearly - it was always crowded with customers and traders bargaining. I used to watch the action from a distance. Sometimes I would get an orange from the trader. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 25 International University, IU English Test Level 6 b. I remember the old market clearly - it was always crowded with customers and traders bargaining. The market was near to my school. c. I remember the old market clearly - it was always crowded with customers and traders bargaining. I used to watch the action from a distance. Sometimes I would get an orange from the trader who was dealing in fruits and I used to suck the sweet, tangy flesh. d. I remember the old market clearly - it was always crowded with customers and traders bargaining. I used to watch the action from a distance. 44. Which of the following sentences is most descriptive? a. She came into the house. b. She came into the house screaming and crying. c. She entered the house. d. She arrived at the house. 45. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. The room was bright and airy. b. The room was bright. c. The room was bright and a strong smell of the cool breeze hung in the air. d. There was a smell of air in the room. 46. Which is most descriptive sentence? a. Kodaikanal is different from Chennai. b. Kodaikanal is 4,000 feet above mean sea level while Chennai is at the mean sea level. c. Kodaikanal's population is 36,500 while Chennai's population is 4,680,000. d. The breeze from Kodaikanal Hills feels chilly while the Chennai sea breeze is dry. 47. Which of the following can good descriptive writing use? a. Analogies. b. Metaphors. c. Similes. d. All the above. 48. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. A really nice vase of flowers was on the window ledge b. A wonderful display of flowers was on the window ledge c. The vibrant colors of the vase of flowers on the window ledge seemed to bring the whole room to life d. All of above 49. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. I remember the old railway station well - it was always crowded with men and children playing. We used to sit on the steps and watch the cargo being unloaded. Sometimes we would get an orange and sit and eat that. b. I remember the old railway station well - it was situated in the High Street about a mile from where we used to live. It was opposite a grocer's shop and a bakery. c. I remember the old railway station well - it was always crowded with men shouting orders and children playing and laughing with one another. We used to sit on the rough stone steps and watch the sacks of tea and oranges being unloaded. Sometimes we would be thrown an orange by the foreman and would spend hours sucking its sweet, tangy flesh. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 26 International University, IU English Test Level 6 d. all of above 50. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. The room was dark and a faint smell of last night's tobacco hung in the air b. There was a strong smell of tobacco in the room c. The room was dark and stuffy d. all of above 51. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. Mary was 15 and her red hair hinted at a strong determination to succeed b. Mary was 15. She had long red hair which she tied up in a band. She was very bossy and tried to get her own way. c. Mary was 15 and she wanted to do well. She had long red hair. d. all of above 52. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. Sandra passed her National 5 exam b. Sandra sailed through her National 5 exam c. Sandra did well in her National 5 exam but she didn't work very hard for it d. all of above 53. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. Zoe had blonde shoulder length hair and blue eyes. She wore a gold chain and a tight blue dress. She had blue leather shoes and carried a briefcase. b. Zoe was smart and efficient in a stylish way c. Zoe was 25 years old. She was originally born in Perth but moved to Dundee. Her father used to run a printing business. d. all of above 54. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. b. I spend a whole day travelling slowly on horseback. The countryside through which I passed was empty of any interesting features. For much of the time it seemed about to rain. Eventually, when it was getting dark, I could see the House of Usher ahead of me. c. During the whole of a dull, quiet day in the summer of the year, when the sun smiled down on me from the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a pleasant stretch of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. d. all of above 55. Which of the following is the most effective piece of description? a. John Reed was a schoolboy of 14 years old - four years older than I. He was large and stout for his age. b. John Reed gorged himself habitually at table, which gave him dim and bleary eyes, flabby cheeks and dingy, unwholesome skin. c. John Reed was a 14 year old schoolboy who was looked a mess because he kept stuffing his face every mealtime. d. all of above 56. A cold wind swept down from the moor and set us shivering. Somewhere there, on that desolate plain, was lurking a fiendish man, hiding in a burrow like a wild beast, his heart full of malignancy Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 27 International University, IU English Test Level 6 against the whole race which had cast him out. It needed but this to complete the grim suggestiveness of the barren waste, the chilling wind, and the darkening sky. a. Terror b. Foreboding c. Expectation d. all of above 57. He looked and smelt like Autumn’s very brother, his face being sunburnt to wheat colour, his eyes blue as cornflowers, his sleeves and leggings dyed with fruit-stains, his hands clammy with the sweet juice of apples, and everywhere about him the atmosphere of cider which brings such a fascination to those who have been born and bred among the orchards. Which of the following best explains why this is such an effective description? a. The writer has concentrated on the physical appearance of the character b. The writer mentions colour c. The writer uses a range of different sense impressions d. all of above 58. The primary advantage of the inverted-pyramid organization is that it a. is a natural way of telling any story. b. rarely contains any surprises for the reader. c. allows the reader to stop after reading only one or two paragraphs and still get the most important information. d. locks reporters into a formula and discourages innovation. 59. The second paragraph of an inverted-pyramid story should a. continue with the most newsworthy point, adding details and color. b. start an entirely new topic. d. provide background information. c. name people, without further clarification, who are referred to in the lead. 60. Stories that include many important subtopics often deal with these by a. summarizing the most important topic or two in the lead and then mentioning others in the second paragraph. b. summarizing all subtopics in the lead. c. providing a vague lead that can could apply to any of the subtopics and then developing each in the story. d. summarizing the most important topic and ignoring the rest. 61. Which of the following is NOT one of the errors beginning news writers commonly make in the second paragraphs of inverted-pyramid stories? a. They emphasize the names of sources for and subjects of the news story. b. They put lots of background information in the paragraph. c. They name, without elaboration, a person referred to in the lead. d. They continue with additional newsworthy information about the topic summarized in the lead. 62. The three parts of an hourglass story are a. the inverted-pyramid top, the funnel and the base. b. the inverted-pyramid top, the turn and the chronological conclusion. c. the lead, the funnel and the chronological conclusion. d. the chronological lead, the turn and the pyramid base. 63. The advantages of the hourglass story structure are that it a. puts the most newsworthy information at the end of the story where it will be best remembered. b. b. Forces the writer to stick to the facts and not use complicated narrative devices. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 28 International University, IU English Test Level 6 c. puts the most newsworthy information highest but allows the writer to develop the story as a narrative. d. Allows the writer to invent scenes and dialogue. 64. The focus style story includes a nut graph, which a. states the central point of the story and explains how the lead illustrates that point. b. is always the first paragraph of the story. c. is never more than one paragraph in length. d. takes the reader in a wholly new direction from the lead. 65. A focus story lead is often a. a funny story to entice the reader to a story that may not be that interesting. b. 10 or 15 paragraphs long. c. a one-sentence paragraph that states the story’s central point. d. a description or anecdote that may not be newsworthy in itself but which illustrates a larger problem. 66. A news reporter writing a narrative style story writes as a playwright or a novelist would by a. making up a story to suit the writer’s purpose. b. creating dialogue and attributing it to people. c. describing how people interact with each other and their surroundings. d. creating characters, events and places. 67. Writers can use words or short phrases to move a story from one topic to another. Five common types of transitional words are a. time, addition, causation, comparison and contrast. b. time, place, purpose, goal and manner. c. location, causation, meditation, regimentation and deviation. d. addition, subtraction, comparison, contrast and location. 68. One way reporters can explain large numbers—millions, billions and trillions—is by a. converting the number from numerals to words. b. converting the number into something related to everyday life. c. converting the number from words to numerals. d. expressing the number in scientific notation. 69. Descriptions help readers visualize people and places. The best descriptions use a. trite phrases and generalities. b. lots of adjectives and adverbs. c. exaggeration and hyperbole. d. concrete, factual details. 70. A good transitional sentence a. presents some interesting details about the new topic. b. announces that a new idea was introduced or discussed. c. offers a vague generalization about the new topic. d. offers the reporter’s opinion about the previous topic. 71. If there is humor in a news story, it should be apparent a. because the writer says something is funny or humorous. b. from the facts of the story. c. because the writer has worked hard to inject humor into it. d. from the way in which the writer exaggerated the facts. 72. If a news story reports on a controversy in which one person has made accusations against another, the reporter should a. include the response of the accused party in the same story. b. write a separate story for the same day’s paper on the accused person’s response. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 29 International University, IU English Test Level 6 c. write a separate story for the next day on the accused person’s response. d. identify the accused person in only the most general terms to avoid a libel suit. Direction: read each passage and identify how the information is being organized. a. d. a. d. a. d. a. d. 73. Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake. a. Cause and effect b. Compare and contrast c. chronological d. spatial / descriptive e. Sequence / process 74. The ice-cream shop around the corner from my house has the best ice-cream in the city. When you first walk inside, there is a long chrome counter with matching stools extending to alongside the far wall. Right where the counter stops, the booth seating begins. There are lots of old-timey knickknacks on the walls and chrome napkin holders on all the tables. My favorite part of the shop is behind the counter glass, where they keep all of the ice-cream flavors. A rainbow of delicious sugary flavors is kept cool and delicious behind the counter glass. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. chronological spatial / descriptive e. sequence / process 75. Freezer burn may have wasted more ice-cream than sidewalks. If you don’t know, freezer burn is when ice crystals form on the surface of ice-cream. These ice crystals can ruin the texture and flavor of the ice cream. But you can prevent freezer burn. Since freezer burn is caused when melted icecream is refrozen, rather than eating your ice-cream from the container as it melts, scoop your icecream into a bowl and put the container back in the fridge immediately. Doing this ought to help you solve your issues with freezer burn. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. chronological spatial / descriptive e. sequence / process 76. No one knows the true origin of ice-cream, but the first published ice-cream recipe appears in “Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts,” a cook book that was printed in London in 1718. Sometime around 1832, an African American confectioner named Augustus Jackson created multiple ice cream recipes and invented a superior technique to manufacture ice cream. Ice cream soda was invented around 1874, but the real breakthrough may have been at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, when the American ice-cream cone was unveiled! problem and solution b. cause and effect c. chronological spatial / descriptive e. sequence / process 77. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen. Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour. After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to be enjoyed. Making icecream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the trouble. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. chronological cause and effect e. sequence / process 78. Have you ever had an ice-cream headache? That’s when a painful sensation resonates in your head after eating something cold (usually ice-cream) on a hot day. This pain is produced by the dilation of a nerve center in the roof of your mouth. The nerve center is overreacting to the cold by trying to heat your brain. Ice-cream headaches have turned many smiles to frowns. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 30 International University, IU English Test Level 6 a. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. chronological d. spatial / descriptive e. cause and effect 79. One time my mom and I made ice-cream. We added sugar and cream into a big glass bowl. We kept it frozen in the middle of a bigger glass bowl. While it froze, I stirred the mixture with a hand mixer. It was the first time that had I used one and it splattered ice-cream mixture all over the kitchen. The rest of the mixture finally froze, so we ate some ice cream, and then put the remaining portions in the freezer so that it wouldn’t get freezer burned. That was a good day. a. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. chronological d. spatial / descriptive e. cause and effect 80. It was the most beautiful banana split that I had ever seen. In the middle of the bowl, there were three scoops of ice-cream: chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. On top of the ice-cream were a banana and a thick web of chocolate and caramel sauces. A huge puff of whipped cream covered the sauces and a handful of crushed nuts dappled the whipped cream. On top of it all was a cherry, but I’ve never liked the soggy squish of cherries. a. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. sequence/process d. spatial / descriptive e. cause and effect 81. When it comes to making ice-cream, you can do it the traditional way, by stirring it in a frozen container, or you can use liquid nitrogen to freeze your mixture. There are some advantages to using liquid nitrogen. Since liquid nitrogen freezes the mixture faster, the crystal grains are smaller, giving the ice-cream a creamier texture. The downside is that ice-crystals grow faster in ice-cream prepared using liquid nitrogen, so it must be stored at much colder temperatures. Both methods produce a distinct texture, and both are delicious. a. problem and solution b. compare and contrast c. sequence/process d. spatial / descriptive e. cause and effect Matching: match the definition to the term and shade in the appropriate bubble. 82. An action and its results are discussed a. chronological 83. Information is organized in order of time b. problem and solution 84. a difficulty is described and an answer is offered c. sequence / process d. cause and effect 85. Differences and similarities of two or more things are discussed a. cause and effect b. spatial / descriptive 86. Explains how something happens or is done, step-by-step c. compare and contrast 87. Describes how something looks or the arrangement of a space d. sequence / process 88. What is a personal narrative? a. It's a paper where you write about a person you know and how they've influenced your life. b. It's a paper where you write about a belief you have and the story behind how you got that belief. c. It's a paper where you write about an event in your life and how it affected you. d. It could be any of the above, or any story about your life where you reflect on how you were changed 89. How should you start a narrative essay? Department of English, IU 31 Prepared by: Lecturers of English International University, IU English Test Level 6 You should start by greeting your readers and telling them your name. You should start any way you want, as long as you start. You should start by using the words ONCE UPON A TIME or ONE DAY... You should start in a way that is interesting and descriptive. 90. How long should your personal narrative be? a. It should be a couple of paragraphs. b. It should be five paragraphs. c. It should be long enough to tell your story and reflect on why it was important to you d. It should be at least ten pages. 91. Which of the following sentences represents the best kind of narrative writing? a. I remember the time I lost my sister at Wal-Mart. It was scary. b. The cool whoosh of air hit me as I walked through the automatic doors at Wal-Mart. My sister whined, annoyed, beside me. c. That day, I went to Wal-Mart with my sister. I walked down one aisle, she walked down another, and I lost her. I freaked out. d. One of the reasons this day was important to me was because I've never been so scared 92. Which of the following IS NOT part of a narrative essay? (All the other choices ARE part of a narrative essay) a. The writer reflecting on what that event (or person or belief) meant to the writer and how it changed him/her. b. An event told like a story, with a beginning, middle, and end. c. Descriptive details that let the reader imagine the story in his/her mind. d. Reasons, evidence, and a counterargument. 93. How should you include dialogue in your personal narrative? a. You shouldn't have dialogue at all in a personal narrative. b. If you include dialogue, it should be very, very little. c. Every time a new person talks, you start a new paragraph d. Every person's dialogue goes in the same paragraph. 94. Why should you use lots of vivid details in a personal narrative? a. Vivid details aren't necessary in a personal narrative. b. You need to take up more space on the paper. c. It's a great way to entertain people. d. You want your readers to imagine you in that situation 95. Narrative Writing includes all of the following characteristics except: a. Tells a story. b. Relates a series of events to entertain a reader. c. Provides factual information to describe, sequence or compare. d. involves conflict introduced in the beginning, developed in the middle, and e. Resolved at the end. 96. Effective narratives include which of the following components? a. Organization b. Entertaining beginning that grabs the reader’s attention c. Elaborated main event with details d. All of the above 97. Which of the following is an example of a narrative writing product? a. recipes b. letters to the editor c. all about books a. b. c. d. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 32 International University, IU English Test Level 6 d. readers theaters 98. Which of the following statements is most accurate in regard to summary and alternative leads? a. Summary leads are more difficult to write than alternative leads. b. Alternative leads require the ability to convey an interesting idea uniquely. c. For any story there is only one type of lead that is appropriate. d. A rigid formula dictates which kind of lead is right for any given story. 99. Which of the following is a purpose of Expository Writing? a. tells a story. b. provides factual information to describe, sequence or compare. c. put forward a point of view or justify a position. d. none of the above 100. Why is it important to engage in expository writing? a. Share expertise with others and develop self-confidence and self-esteem. b. Develop an understanding of a topic of study. c. Enhance vocabulary, visual literacy, and the use of technology. d. Demonstrate ability to write in different text forms. e. all of the above 101. All of the following are useful skills for writing an expository piece except: a. The writer provides supporting details. b. The writer includes engaging dialogue between characters. c. The writer organizes the body of the text. d. The writer crafts clear main ideas. 102. Although alternative leads might run four or five paragraphs, they are always followed by a nut graph, which a. contains an interesting quotation from a key source. b. states the central point of the story. c. offers an amusing bit of wisdom. d. introduces the concluding paragraphs of the story. 103. One of the first newspapers in the country to make extensive use of soft leads was a. The Wall Street Journal. b. The New York Times. c. The Chicago Tribune. d. The Emporia (Kan.) Gazette. 104. One of the criticisms of alternative leads is that they a. tend to lure readers into stories that are not inherently interesting. b. are too difficult for news reporters to write. c. make every stories all sound the same. d. are too long and fail to emphasize the news. 105. Some critics of the use of alternatives leads have derided them as a. highbrow journalism. b. lowbrow journalism. c. Jell-o journalism. d. literary journalism. 106. The buried or delayed lead is one that a. holds the most newsworthy facts until the very end of the story. b. begins with an example or anecdote followed by a nut graph that states the central point of the story. c. fails to give the reader any idea what the story is about. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 33 International University, IU English Test Level 6 d. withholds minor details until the second or third paragraph. 107. Which of the following statements is the reason most reporters avoid using quotations as leads? a. Quotations rarely tell the central point. b. Quotations rarely summarize an entire story. c. Quotations are rarely self-explanatory. d. All of the other options. 108. If a writer uses a question as a lead, the question should a. always be one that can be answered yes or no. b. not be one that can be answered yes or no. c. not be about a controversial issue the reader is likely to be familiar with. d. always be about an issue the reader is unlikely to have any strong feelings about. 109. To be effective, a question lead should be a. brief, simple, specific and provocative. b. long, complicated, vague and anodyne. c. brief, simple, general and abstract. d. long, complicated, specific and provocative. 110. A direct-address lead is one that a. uses the pronoun “you” and speaks directly to the reader. b. has a shocking twist to it. c. presents some kind of startling or ironic contrast. d. uses words in an unusual way. 111. A descriptive lead is one that a. uses the pronoun “you” and speaks directly to the reader. b. has a shocking twist to it. c. uses details to paint a picture for the reader before moving on to the action. d. presents some kind of startling or ironic contrast. 112. A shocker is a lead that a. presents extremely gory details. b. portrays a famous person in a bad light. c. reports on some frightening events or trends. d. has a startling twist. 113. A quotation that begins with words such as “he,” “she,” “they” or “we” is particularly unsuitable as a lead because a. it encourages the reader to identify with the person or persons identified by the pronouns. b. one should never begin a sentence with a pronoun. c. readers have no way of knowing to whom the pronouns refer. d. it is too informal for use in a daily newspaper or news broadcast. 114. Reporters like to write stories with alternative leads because a. such leads are likely to annoy the readers who like to call in and complain. b. they can break out of the stylistic restraints imposed by summary leads. c. such leads are likely to annoy the editors who read their copy. d. they can make reading the news more of an intellectual challenge than it usually is. 115. The following lead is an example of which type of alternative lead? “Income-tax day is weeks away, but you may need that time to figure out how the changes in the tax law affect you.” a. Direct address. b. Suspenseful. c. Ironic. Department of English, IU Prepared by: Lecturers of English 34 International University, IU English Test Level 6 d. Descriptive. 116. Which of the f