Lesson 7 - Roman Civilization PDF

CIVILIZATION LESSON 7 Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE F...

CIVILIZATION LESSON 7 Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE FOUNDING THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ROMAN OF ROME REPUBLIC EMPIRE Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  The ancient Roman civilization flourished on the banks of the Tiber River. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE ROMAN MYTH OF ROMULUS AND REMUS Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  NUMITOR AMULIUS MARS & RHEA SILVIA REMUS & ROMULUS FAUSTULUS & ACCA LARENTIA Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE RULE OF THE ETRUSCANS ▪ Etruscans conquer Latium (650 B.C.E.) ▪ Imperium – a ruler's right to issue decrees ▪ Imperator – refers to an individual with Imperium power Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  LUCIUS TARQUINUS SUPERBUS ▪ Before the Romans ruled, the “Tarquin the Proud” Etruscans dominated the region ▪ They built a canal system to prevent flooding in the city ▪ They brought cultural practices and the alphabet system from the Greeks ▪ They also brought the monarchic system to Rome ▪ The Romans ousted the Etruscan kings, with Tarquin the Proud as the last one Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE ROMAN REPUBLIC “res republika” Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  PATRICIAN PLEBEIAN (para sa panloob na gamit lamang) Karapatang-ari © Saint Jude Catholic School, SY 2021-2022  ▪ The Romans established the Republic. It was a government without a king. ▪ The officials were chosen by the people, but it was not a democracy like the Athens. ▪ Its leaders all came from the wealthy class of landowners called patricians. ▪ Two officials called consuls directing the daily affairs of the government. They also led the military. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  CONSULS (2) P SENATE (300) Managed the army and affairs of the government A Comprised of past and current magistrates who T served for life. Managed PRAETORS (8) R foreign policy and Judges who administers Roman Law I controlled the money. C Can propose (but not AEDILES (16) pass) laws. Look after particular government matters such as I public building, food supply, and games A QUAESTORS (2) N Manage financial and administrative matters P STRUCTURE TRIBUNES (10) Representatives of the Plebeians L E OF THE ORDINARY PEOPLE B Townsfolks, farmers, soldiers E GOVERNMENT I SLAVES A No rights, regarded as possessions, worked on farms N and mines, as gladiators or prostitutes Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS “The Senate and the People of Rome” ▪ The Senate was the most powerful part of the Republic. They controlled Rome’s finance and foreign affairs. ▪ They would appoint a dictator in times of crisis, one who had complete control of the government. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  ▪ The plebians or the common people had little part in the government. They took part in the assembly. ▪ They threatened to stop serving in the army and paying taxes, while Rome was frequently at war. ▪ Law of the Twelve Tables gave protection against unfair patrician judges. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  LEGION LEGIONARY TESTUDO Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE ROMAN EXPANSION It made allies of Its conquest in Its growing some former Italy gave Rome power brought enemies through the additional it into conflict wise diplomacy. It soldiers it with other gave protection to needed to states in the conquered peoples. expand further. Mediterranean. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  PUNIC WARS FIRST SECOND THIRD ▪ 264 BCE – Rome ▪ The Carthaginian ▪ 146 BCE – Scipio drove Carthaginian general Hannibal led Aemilianus completely forces out of Messina the invasion of Rome. destroys Carthage. (Sicily). ▪ Scipio, general and ▪ Rome burned consul of Rome, faced ▪ 241 BCE – Carthage Carthage and Hannibal's army and offers peace. forced it to return to enslaved its Carthage. inhabitants. ▪ Rome acquired Sicily (their first province ▪ Rome conquered ▪ Carthage's colonies outside the mainland), Carthage and Spain went to Rome and it Sardinia, and Corsica. became their province. eventually fell. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  EFFECTS OF ROMAN EXPANSION Rome The Prisoners of Large scale A class of gained the wealthy wars use of unemploye control of people built became slaves hurt d emerged, the trade mansions slaves in farmers. the gap routes. and filled the big Few of between Romans them with estates them were the rich amassed luxurious called able to find and the great materials latifundia. jobs as they poor wealth coming were forced widened. from taxes from the to move in and East. the city. commerce. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  THE GRACCHUS BROTHERS - Attempted to provide land - Championed reforms that rights to the plebeians helped small peasants - Imposed limits on land - Ensured the affordability of ownership essential commodities - Implemented the - Implemented reforms in the distribution of vast lands judiciary to small peasants - Built roads to provide jobs TIBERIUS Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History GAIUS FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Pompey Magnus Marcus Crassus Julius Caesar The First Triumvirate Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Caesar believed The First They agreed to that strong Triumvirate fight the leadership could joined forces. Senate. prevent civil wars. Pompey was Caesar became defeated and Pompey feared very popular. the Senators Caesar and agreed to conspired with terminate the Senate. Marcus Crassus Caesar. died. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Mark Antony Marcus Lepidus Gaius Octavius The Second Triumvirate Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  The Second The Second Mark Antony and Triumvirate Triumvirate Octavian became was formed by won over their rivals for power. allies of Caesar. opponents. Another civil The republic erupted. Octavian was fell and the rule hailed as the of the Roman first Roman Octavian prevailed Empire Emperor. in the Battle of began. Actium. Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  ▪ Octavian used the title ▪ Education for the majority Augustus Caesar and was was ensured hailed perpetual consul. ▪ Greek and Roman traditions was bolstered ▪ He removed the private army ▪ The empire’s territories of the nobles and generals further expanded ▪ He provided the needs of his ▪ The tradition of worshipping constituents such as basic an emperor as god emerged services like efficient roads ▪ The empire allowed subjects to and water supply have other religions Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Roman Emperors AUGUSTUS CALIGULA NERO TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS TIBERIUS Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Pax Romana “Roman Peace” This was a period of peace and abundance in territories under the Roman empire. ▪ The empire reached its widest territory ▪ Citizenship were granted to anyone who was not a slave ▪ Two main legal system were implemented and were eventually combined ▪ Rome employed the adoptive system Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  ▪ Invasions by Barbarian ▪ Government corruption tribes and political instability ▪ Economic troubles and ▪ The arrival of the Huns overreliance on slave and the migration of the labor Barbarian tribes ▪ The rise of the Eastern ▪ Christianity and the loss Empire of traditional values ▪ Overexpansion and ▪ Weakening of the Roman military overspending legions Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  DIOCLETIAN CONSTANTINE Saint Jude Catholic School | Junior High School – Basic Education Department | Social Studies 8 | World History FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY  Upon the cities’ collapse, the people moved to the countryside. As the empire’s slave society ended, the foundation of the period of feudalism in Europe began. (para sa panloob na gamit lamang) Karapatang-ari © Saint Jude Catholic School, SY 2021-2022